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Oxford College Student Center

February 23, 2024
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Emory University Facilities Management

 

Standards Georgia

Inglenook

Italian Baked Lasagna

February 22, 2024
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Maryland Dining

Serves 12: Click Image

Ingredients:

2 cloves garlic, chopped
½ onion, chopped
2 (16-ounce) jars low-sodium spaghetti sauce
½ teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon Italian seasoning
1 package frozen spinach, thawed
2 eggs, beaten
2 cups low-fat, low sodium cottage cheese
1 pound no cook lasagna noodles
1 pound low-fat mozzarella cheese, grated
½ cup low-fat Parmesan cheese, grated
Cooking oil spray

 

Directions:

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees.

Spray skillet with cooking oil spray. Add the garlic and onion, cook until soft.

Add spaghetti sauce, salt, and Italian seasoning and mix well. Simmer on low heat for 15 minutes.

Squeeze all of the water out of the spinach.

In a separate bowl, combine eggs, spinach, and cottage cheese.

Spray a 9″ x 12″, deep sided baking pan with cooking oil spray. Arrange a layer of noodles across bottom of the pan.

Add a layer of spaghetti sauce, cottage cheese mixture, and mozzarella cheese.

Add a second layer of pasta, the sauce, and cheese mixture. Repeat until pan is almost full.

Add one more layer of noodles and top with more spaghetti sauce. Sprinkle with parmesan cheese.

Bake at 350 degrees for 40 to 45 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbly. Allow to set for 5 to 10 minutes before cutting into portions.

Standards Maryland

LIVE: 91.3 FM Cal Poly Student Radio

February 22, 2024
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“Radio is the perfect medium for communication.
It is instantaneous, and unlike television,
it allows you to use your imagination.”
-Guglielmo Marconi

CLICK IMAGE TO START LIVESTREAM

Radio

Energy 200

February 22, 2024
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ANSI Standards Action Weekly Edition

Iowa State University

Starting 2023 we break down our coverage of education community energy codes and standards into two tranches:

Energy 200: Codes and standards for building premise energy systems.  (Electrical, heating and cooling of the building envelope)

Standards Michigan: Building Transformers are Oversized and What We Are Doing About It

(Hint:  We are routinely “outvoted” on the National Electrical Code by stakeholders whose revenue depends upon oversized transformers.)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (Free Download): Benefits of Electrical Submeters

US Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information: How college dormitory residents change to save energy during a competition-based energy reduction intervention

Energy Star Data Trends: Energy Use in Residence Halls

University of Alabama: Which Residence Hall Can Save the Most Energy?

International Energy Conservation Code

Energy 400: Codes and standards for energy systems between campus buildings.  (District energy systems including interdependence with electrical and water supply)

ΔE=ΔKE+ΔPE+ΔU=Q−W

A different “flavor of money” runs through each of these domains and this condition is reflected in best practice discovery and promulgation.  Energy 200 is less informed by tax-free (bonded) money than Energy 400 titles.

Some titles cover safety and sustainability in both interior and exterior energy domains so we simply list them below:

ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code

ASHRAE International 90.1 — Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

International Code Council 2021 Energy Conservation Code

cdpACCESS | Energy Complete Monograph for all 2021 cycle energy proposals (1270 pages)

International Code Council 2021 International Green Construction Code

NFPA 90 Building Energy Code

NFPA 855 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

IEEE Electrical energy technical literature

ASTM Energy & Utilities Overview

Underwriters Laboratories Energy and Utilities

There are other ad hoc and open-source consortia that occupy at least a niche in this domain.  All of the fifty United States and the Washington DC-based US Federal Government throw off public consultations routinely and, of course, a great deal of faculty interest lies in research funding.

Please join our daily colloquia using the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.  We are also rolling out another facility — [MEETING POINT] — which should be ready for use sometime mid-2023.

More

Economics of Energy, Volume: 4.9 Article: 48 , James L. Sweeney, Stanford University

Global Warming: Scam, Fraud, or Hoax?, Douglas Allchin, The American Biology Teacher (2015) 77 (4): 309–313.

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy, By Kenneth L. Caneva, MIT Press

International District Energy Association Campus Energy 2023 Conference: February 29-March 2 (Grapevine Texas)

Climate Psychosis

Solarvoltaic PV Systems

February 22, 2024
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“Icarus” Joos de Momper

National Electrical Code Articles 690 and 691 provide electrical installation requirements for Owner solarvoltaic PV systems that fall under local electrical safety regulations.  Access to the 2023 Edition is linked below;

2023 National Electrical Code

Insight into the technical problems managed in the 2023 edition can be seen in the developmental transcripts linked below:

Panel 4  Public Input Report (869 pages)

Panel 4  Second Draft Comment Report (199 pages)

The IEEE Joint IAS/PES (Industrial Applications Society & Power and Energy Society) has one vote on this 21-member committee; the only pure “User-Interest” we describe in our ABOUT.  All other voting representatives on this committee represent market incumbents or are proxies for market incumbents; also described in our ABOUT.

The 2026 National Electrical Code has entered its revision cycle.  Public input is due September 7th.

We maintain these articles, and all other articles related to “renewable” energy, on the standing agenda of our Power and Solar colloquia which anyone may join with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.   We work close coupled with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in American and European time zones; also open to everyone.

 

 

 

 

Solar Energy in Cold Climates

February 22, 2024
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IEEE Explore: Michigan Regional Test Center

More:

Question: How many households can be supplied with 1 megawatt of power and how large would the solar panel be?

The number of square meters of solar panels required to generate 1 megawatt (MW) of power depends on several factors, including the efficiency of the solar panels, the amount of sunlight available in the location where the solar panels are installed, and the specific technology used.

On average, solar panels have a conversion efficiency of about 15-20%, which means that for every square meter of solar panel area, you can expect to generate between 150 and 200 watts of power in direct sunlight.

So, to generate 1 MW of power, you would need between 5,000 and 6,667 square meters of solar panels (assuming an average efficiency of 17.5%).

There are 2.58999 square meters in one square mile.

To convert 6,667 square meters to square miles, we can divide 6,667 by 2,589.99:

6,667 sq meters / 2,589.99 sq meters/sq mile = 2.572 square miles (rounded to three decimal places).

Answer:  Therefore 2.572 square miles of solar panels are required to supply 9345 household of power for 1 hour.

The number of households that can be supplied by 1 megawatt of power depends on a variety of factors, including the amount of electricity each household consumes, the time of day, and the season.

However, as a rough estimate, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports that in 2020, the average US household consumed about 9,369 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per year, which is equivalent to an average of 0.107 MW of power.

Based on this average, 1 MW of power could supply approximately 9,345 households (1,000,000 watts / 0.107 MW per household) with electricity for one hour, assuming that all households are consuming the average amount of electricity.

Again, this is a rough estimate, and the actual number of households that can be supplied by 1 MW will depend on various factors such as the region, the time of day, and the actual energy consumption of each household.

Discussion: A typical residential lot is one-half acre.  Rounding 9345 households to 10,000 households; the households themselves have a footprint of 7.8125 square miles; with 1/3rd of the 2.572 square miles for 1 megawatt taken up by the panels.

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