“You invent a story, and then the story invents you.”
— Umberto Eco’s Foucault’s Pendulum
Università degli Studi di Trieste
“You invent a story, and then the story invents you.”
— Umberto Eco’s Foucault’s Pendulum
Università degli Studi di Trieste
Truth as Glorious Adventure | Douglas Murray & Jordan Peterson
A Procedure to Estimate the Energy Requirements for Lighting
Giuseppe Parise – Luigi Martirano – Luigi Parise
Sapienza, University of Rome
Abstract: The amount of the electrical energy used for the interior lighting of medium and large buildings is generally considerable. The European Standard EN15193 was devised to establish conventions and procedures for the estimation of energy requirements of lighting in buildings by an energy performance numeric indicator. This methodology is based on the three derating factors that consider the influence of the daylight exploitation, the occupancy behavior and, if present, of a constant illuminance sensor. The factors are evaluated by a statistical approach on the basis of general reference data tabulated by the same Standard, not considering more detailed parameters of the control system that can impact severely in the effective energy savings. The Standard methodology appears extremely useful for a preliminary evaluation. For a more accurate evaluation, this paper suggests an improvement of the procedure that considers the effective operation time and occupancy behavior, the type of control and lamps, the number of control groups, the technique of modulation (dimming or switching), and the delay in turning off. The suggested procedure is compared with the Standard one to highlight the improvements.
Related:
Energy performance of interior lighting systems
Topology of Continuous Availability for LED Lighting Systems
Operational Resilience of Hospital Power Systems in the Digital Age
Abstract: An advanced guideline is required to support the design of power supply systems for the performances of service continuity and power outage resilience, which are vital for hospital power systems and strategic operational structures (SOSs). The supply sources, the power system topology, and its management are fundamental in guaranteeing the electrical resilience of the power system. There is still no standard to evaluate the adequacy of hospital power systems for natural calamities and human-made disasters and, subsequently, for the ordinary operation. The World Health Organization recognizes it as a basic problem and at this aim has to claim clearly the status of SOSs for the hospitals, recommending to safeguard and plan the full operability. The hospital power systems need a local fortified electrical structure, designed for service continuity during fault events and managed to ensure an adequate dynamic response to any emergency and maintenance needs. The importance of the business continuity management is highlighted; it has to be qualified for a permanent design with both the in-op approaches for the initial installation of the system and its life cycle operation.
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We collaborate closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in European and American time zones. Risk managers, electrical safety inspectors, facility managers and others are welcomed to click into those teleconferences also. We expect that concepts and recommendations this paper will find their way into future revisions of US and international electrical safety codes and standards. There is nothing stopping education facility managers from applying the findings immediately.
Electrical Safety of Academic Laboratories | 2019-PSEC-0204
Presented at the 55th IEEE Industrial Applications Society I&CPS Technical Conference | Calgary, Alberta Canada | May 6-9, 2019
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Rodolfo Araneo, University of Rome “La Sapienza” | [email protected]
Payman Dehghanian, George Washington University | [email protected]
Massimo Mitolo, Irvine Valley College | [email protected]
Abstract. Academic laboratories should be a safe environment in which one can teach, learn, and conduct research. Sharing a common principle, the prevention of potential accidents and imminent injuries is a fundamental goal of laboratory environments. In addition, academic laboratories are attributed the exceptional responsibility to instill in students the culture of the safety, the basis of risk assessment, and of the exemplification of the prudent practice around energized objects. Undergraduate laboratory assignments may normally be framed based upon the repetition of established experiments and procedures, whereas, academic research laboratories may involve new methodologies and/or apparatus, for which the hazards may not be completely known to the faculty and student researchers. Yet, the academic laboratory should be an environment free of electrical hazards for both routine experiments and research endeavors, and faculty should offer practical inputs and safety-driven insights to academic administration to achieve such a paramount objective. In this paper, the authors discuss the challenges to the electrical safety in modern academic laboratories, where users may be exposed to harmful touch voltages.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Electricity and Human Vulnerabilities
B. Electrical Hazards in Academic Laboratories
II. ELECTRICAL SEPARATION
III. SAFETY IN ACADEMIC LABORATORIES WITH VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
IV. ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN ACADEMIC LIGHTING LABORATORIES
V. ACADEMIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES
A. Basic Rules of Engagement
B. Unidirectional Impulse Currents
VI. HAZARDS IN LABORATORIES DUE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE
VII. WARNING SIGNS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTION OF DANGER
VIII. CONCLUSION
Safety is the most important practice in an academic laboratory as “safety and productivity are on the same team”. Electrical measurement and electrically-powered equipment of various brands and models are common in both teaching and research laboratories, highlighting the need to maintaining them continuously in an electrically-safe status. Annual reports on the occurrence of electrical hazards (i.e. shocks and injuries) in academic laboratory environments primarily discover the (i) lack of knowledge on using the electrical equipment, (ii) careless use of the energized electric facilities, and (iii) faulty electrical equipment or cords. The above does call for the establishment of safety-driven codes, instructions, and trainings for the academic personnel working with or near such devices for teaching, learning, experiments, and research. This paper provided background information on the concept of electrical safety in the academic laboratories, presented the safety challenges of modern academic laboratories, and offered solutions on how enhance the lab environment and research personnel safety awareness to avoid and control electrical hazards.
Issue: [19-129]
Category: Electrical, Facility Asset Management, Fire Safety, International
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Rodolfo Araneo, Payman Dehghanian, Jim Harvey, Massimo Mitolo, Joe Tedesco
Related IEEE Research:
Strengthening and Upgrading of Laboratory Safety Management Based on Computer Risk Identification
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Clean Environment Tools Design For Smart Campus Laboratory Through a Global Pandemic
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The architecture of electric power systems: Some special cases
Abstract Modeling of the electric system “architecture” aims to achieve performances of operation, maintenance and safety. The paper discusses about the criteria in designing the normal and special cases that need a structured architecture complying with electrical loads extensively distributed and with installation requirements proper to external stresses hazard as earthquake, fire, flood, extreme environment conditions. Also advanced architectural buildings outside of the typical and classical configurations require tailored solutions for the electrical systems. The general criterion of designing power distributions is to structure the system in two or more levels from the utility up to the terminal equipment adopting a number equal or lower of voltages. The criterion of the barycentered distribution is generally applied for defining the dimension and the voltage of each distribution level. In critical facilities, it is necessary to ensure that electrical service will be available during and after a hazardous event and so all the components should have adequate ratings and be installed in a proper manner. A special power distribution, “brush-distribution”, is suitable for the strategic buildings with higher risk for seismic event, for the photovoltaic systems against extreme temperature conditions and for the road tunnels against the fire.
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Topology of Continuous Availability for LED Lighting Systems
Giuseppe Parise – Marco Allegri
Luigi Parise
Raffaele Pennacchia – Fabrizio Regoli
Giorgio Vasselli
Abstract: Lighting systems with a big number of luminaires in large halls are a case of distributed loads that need topologies with modularity, whenever possible to ensure a uniform distribution of the supplying circuits, an easier installation, management, and maintenance. The light emitting diode (LED) luminaires give a great impact on the system operation due to their auxiliary series devices and to the high inrush currents of the ac-dc switching power supplies. This article proposes a topology to design LED lighting systems, configured in a modular scheme of a main ac distribution and a branch dc distribution supplying luminaires clusters. Each cluster is provided as a “double-dual corded” equipment with double power supply and double control type, digital, and analogic. The suggested topology aims to make available a system that allows overcoming fault situations by design and permits maintenance activities limiting and recovering degradation conditions. In this way, the lighting system of special locations, for which there is the willingness-to-accept greater financial costs against loss service risks, can satisfy the requirement of continuous availability system. To provide more details on the proposed design criteria this article describes, as case study, the lighting system of a parliamentary hall with one thousands of luminaires.
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