Tag Archives: Michigan

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Drivers facing the yellow-light-dilemma

Center for Digital Education | University of Michigan

 

Stochastic hybrid models for predicting the behavior of drivers facing the yellow-light-dilemma

Paul A. Green | University of Michigan

 Daniel Hoehener & Domitilla Del Vecchio | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  

Abstract:  We address the problem of predicting whether a driver facing the yellow-light-dilemma will cross the intersection with the red light. Based on driving simulator data, we propose a stochastic hybrid system model for driver behavior. Using this model combined with Gaussian process estimation and Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain an upper bound for the probability of crossing with the red light. This upper bound has a prescribed confidence level and can be calculated quickly on-line in a recursive fashion as more data become available. Calculating also a lower bound we can show that the upper bound is on average less than 3% higher than the true probability. Moreover, tests on driving simulator data show that 99% of the actual red light violations, are predicted to cross on red with probability greater than 0.95 while less than 5% of the compliant trajectories are predicted to have an equally high probability of crossing. Determining the probability of crossing with the red light will be important for the development of warning systems that prevent red light violations.

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Copper can’t be mined fast enough to electrify the United States

Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

Bridge Michigan: Researchers say a copper shortage could imperil Michigan’s EV future

Related:

2017 NEC Section 110.5 | Aluminum wiring

Sustainable Agriculture

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Hot chocolate vs. hot cocoa

Michigan Central § 2024 Net Position: $5.600B

Why Does The Modern World Make No Sense?

“…Hot cocoa and hot chocolate are terms that we often used interchangeably. Technically, hot cocoa and hot chocolate are as different as milk chocolate and bittersweet chocolate. Hot cocoa is made with cocoa powder, the way my mother made it when I was a kid. Hot chocolate is made from melting chocolate bars into cream…”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant science at your dinner table: Hot chocolate vs. hot cocoa

 

How to make the chemically perfect hot chocolate

Milk

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