Pagemike@standardsmichigan.com, Author at Standards Michigan

In loco parentis

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Photo of the Week: The George H. Deuble Foundation Student Lounge is a popular destination for students @KentStateStark https://t.co/YWuD7kSl60 pic.twitter.com/tGAawUbiot

— Kent State (@KentState) February 24, 2023

Ohio

$1.45B “The Swamp” Stadium

Standards Florida

The University of Florida’s Ben Hill Griffin Stadium is getting a $1.45 billion makeover — and the transformation is set to be complete just in time for the iconic venue’s 100th birthday. A Manhattan Construction Company and AECOM Hunt partnership has been named construction… pic.twitter.com/P2us7Dlleo

— NextMetropolis (@NextMetropolis) June 17, 2026

Fall Field Sport

Fennel Citrus Chicken Salad

Statement of Net Position 2024: $1.341B (PDF Page 24) | Kendall Reagan Nutrition Center

Call us biased, but we have the best group of future occupational therapists in @CSU_OT 💚💛

Last week’s convocation, where we welcomed our cohorts of OT Rams back to campus, was filled with good vibes and high energy for the year ahead 🐏⚡️ pic.twitter.com/8wTJ2rPi8S

— CSU Health Human Sci (@HealthHumanSci) September 8, 2023

Today at the usual hour we review best practice literature for the design, construction and operation of Power-Limited Circuits in healthcare facilities. With our previous tenure on Code Panel 15 of the National Electrical Code (which covers healthcare facilities, primarily) and our recent appointment by IEEE to Code Panel 3 (which covers power limited circuits in all occupancy classes) we set ourselves up to respond to the proposals that will shape the 2029 NEC. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

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If one imagines that three-phase hospital power distribution systems as “arteries” then power limited circuits can be imagined as the “capillaries” that drive hundreds of end use clinical equipment and devices. The analogy captures the hierarchical, physiological structure of hospital electrical systems—much like the human circulatory system—where power flows from high-capacity trunks to precision, low-risk endpoints.

Three-Phase Systems: The Arteries and Veins

Three-phase hospital power distribution systems function as the arteries and veins: they are the robust, high-volume “vascular” network. Incoming utility power (or on-site generators) arrives as three-phase medium voltage, stepped down through transformers and switchgear into the Essential Electrical System (EES). This backbone—normal power, life-safety, critical, and equipment branches—delivers bulk kilowatts across the facility to major loads: HVAC, lighting, elevators, imaging suites, and operating-room receptacles. Like arteries, these feeders carry large currents over long distances with minimal loss; like veins, they return current safely while maintaining redundancy and selective coordination to keep the “body” (hospital) alive during outages.

Power-Limited Circuits: The Capillaries

Power-limited circuits (NEC Article 725/724 Class 2 and Class 3) are the capillaries. They are the countless, tiny, energy-restricted final branches that directly “perfuse” end-use clinical devices. These circuits are deliberately power-limited—typically ≤30 V and ≤100 VA—to prevent fire, shock, or interference in patient-care spaces. They supply nurse-call systems, bedside monitors, infusion-pump controls, alarm signaling, data links, and low-voltage sensors. Just as capillaries exchange oxygen and nutrients cell-by-cell without flooding tissue, power-limited circuits deliver only the precise, safe wattage needed by sensitive electronics while isolating them from the high-energy main distribution. Their thin insulation, separation rules, and inherent current-limiting transformers mirror the delicate walls of capillaries.

The comparison illuminates why hospitals cannot rely solely on heavy three-phase feeders: without these microscopic “capillaries,” clinical devices would either lack power or be exposed to dangerous fault energies. The analogy shows how the entire system maintains life—bulk transport for infrastructure, micro-delivery for patient care—while enforcing safety through progressive limitation. In essence, the capillaries make the circulatory system functional at the point of use.

Solar (Summer)

Sie strahlt vor Freude über ihre Auszeichnung – TH-Alumna Melanie Klaus. Für ihre Bachelorarbeit im Bereich Erneuerbare Energien wurde sie vom Solarenergieförderverein Bayern geehrt. In ihrer Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Elektro- und Informationstechnik untersuchte sie das Zusammenspiel von Wind- und Solarenergie und den Nutzen, der sich hieraus für die regenerative Energieerzeugung erzielen lässt. Untersucht wurde also die Nutzung der natürlichen Kombination von Wind und Sonne für die Energieerzeugung. Um die Rentabilität dieser Einspeisekombination zu ermitteln, hat Melanie Klaus ein Software-Tool entwickelt, welches zur Planung und Simulation abgestimmter Photovoltaik-Wind-Kombinationen dient und bereits für die Errichtung einer Photovoltaik-Anlage zu einem Windpark eingesetzt wird.

Starting 2023 we separated our coverage of solar energy standards from our standing Electrical and Energy colloquia and placed emphasis on seasonal life cycle returns. We start with the following titles

IEC TC 82 Solar photovoltaic energy systems

Underwriters Laboratories 1703 PV Module Certification

ASTM E772 Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion

IEEE 1562 Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems

NEMA Solar Photovoltaic Council

NECA 412 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Photovoltaic Power Systems

NFPA 70 Articles 690-691

NFPA 70 Articles 705 & 855

International Code Council Section 1607 Photovoltaic panels or modules

ASHRAE International: 90.1 Building Energy Code & 189.1 Green Energy Code

Time permitting: Example design specification and construction contract.

michigan state university solar parking lot innovatus needs attribution 1919 721

PV_solar_parking university of madrid spain international wiki 1919 721

Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo solar nigeria staff 19 africa

"Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another" - G.K. Chesterton

Griffith University aerial pool australia solar

Other standards developers and publishers are also present in this domain but this list is where we will start given that we only have an hour. Join us today at 16:00 with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Readings:

What are the hidden costs of solar panels?

Do We Have Enough Silver, Copper, And Other Materials To Keep Up With The Growth Of Solar?

Mining Raw Materials for Solar Panels: Problems and Solutions

Grid-Connected Microgrid Battery Energy Storage Systems

Summer Solstice Around the World

Plumbing Up

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Salutariness

OSHA Restroom Sanitation Standards

CDC: When and How to Clean and Disinfect a Facility

Salutariness (Cleanliness) standards follow culture (which follows the science which follows water and chemical management systems). What is considered clean or hygienic in one culture may differ from what is considered clean or hygienic in another culture. In some cultures, it is customary to remove shoes before entering a home, as it is considered unclean to wear shoes indoors. In Japan, it is customary to take a bath or shower before entering a public bathhouse or hot spring, as it is considered unclean to enter a communal bath without washing first. Most public swimming pools in the United States conform to a similar standard.

In some cultures, it is customary to eat with one’s hands, while in others, using utensils is the norm. Similarly, in some cultures, it is customary to clean one’s hands and face before eating, while in others, it is not considered necessary. Cleanliness standards can also vary depending on the level of economic development, access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and public health policies in different countries. Mahatma Gandhi believed that promoting cleanliness and hygiene could help in building a strong and self-sufficient nation.

“Harlem school custodian to retire, gets cafeteria dedicated to him” | Rockford Register Star

During today’s colloquium we review best practice literature for hygiene in education community interior spaces; including related accessory technologies. Owing to the circumstances of the pandemic we have rewritten our past coverage of this topic for 2022.

Among the standards setting organizations active in this domain: (Short List)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME: Personal hygiene devices for water closets.

American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers (ASHRAE International)

American Society of Safety Professionals

American Water Works Association

“No Water Fact Sheet”

“Responding to Water Stagnation in Buildings with Reduced or No Water Use”

Association of Physical Plant Administrators (APPA)

Cleaning Operations

When you are short on custodians for a few days and staff members voluntarily chip in… during their planning time. ❤️

This is culture. #multiplyexcellence pic.twitter.com/R3OhZE1g3Q

— Emily Paschall (@EmilyAPaschall) April 22, 2023

International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials (IAPMO Group)

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

RFID Based Smart Hand Hygiene Monitoring System for Health Care Institutions

Prospect of Solar-assisted Heat Pump Water Heating Systems for Student Residences

Identification of Legionella Species by Photogate-Type Optical Sensor

Smart Biosensor for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Tap Water

Innovative UV-C LED Disinfection Systems for DrinkingWater Treatment

Temperature Distributions and Bacterial Growth Implications in a Hot Water Storage Tank under Scheduled Draw-off and Heating Cycles

Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification

International Code Council

International Building Code: Chapter 12 Interior Environment

International Mechanical Code: Ventilation

International Plumbing Code: Sanitary Drainage

International Kitchen Exhaust Cleaning Association

International Sanitary Supply Association

Design Guidelines

University of Pittsburgh

National Air Duct Cleaners Association

Standard for Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of HVAC Systems

National Fire Protection Association

“NFPA responds to the coronavirus”

Health Care Facilities Code

National Sanitation Foundation (Several titles)

“Germiest Places at Schools”

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

CFR 1910.141 Sanitation

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Simon Institute

~~Cleaning Chemical Safety~~

State and Federal Regulations Open for Comment

We place public consultation deadlines at top priority in the time available and will schedule a separate break-out session to write and send comments.

Open to everyone. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.