Electric Service Metering & Billing

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Electric Service Metering & Billing

April 14, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Electrical Safety

Today at 16:00 UTC we review best practice for engineering and installing the point of common coupling between an electrical service provider its and an purchasing — under the purview of NEC CMP-10.

Committee topical purviews change cycle-to-cycle.  Here’s the transcript for today’s session:  CMP-10 Second Draft Report (368 pages)

Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

The relevant passages of the National Electrical Code are found in Article 230 and Article 495.  We calibrate our attention with the documents linked below.  These are only representative guidelines:

University of Michigan Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution

Texas A&M University Medium Voltage Power Systems

University of Florida Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution

Representative standards for regulated utilities for purchased power:

Detroit Edison Primary Service Standards (Green Book)

American Electric Power: Requirements for Electrical Services

Pacific Gas & Electric Primary Service Requirements

The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee curates a library of documents similar to those linked above.

Design of Electrical Services for Buildings

We are in the process of preparing new (original, and sometimes recycled) proposals for the 2026 National Electrical Code, with the work of Code Panel 10 of particular relevance to today’s topic:

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

First Draft Meetings: January 15-26, 2024 in Charleston, South Carolina


Electrical meter billing standards are generally regulated at the state or local level, with guidelines provided by public utility commissions or similar regulatory bodies.  These tariff sheets are among the oldest in the world.  There are some common standards for billing and metering practices, including:

  1. Meter Types: There are various types of meters used to measure electricity consumption, including analog (mechanical) meters, digital meters, and smart meters. Smart meters are becoming more common and allow for more accurate and real-time billing.
  2. Billing Methodology:
    • Residential Rates: Most residential customers are billed based on kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity used, which is the standard unit of energy.
    • Demand Charges: Some commercial and industrial customers are also subject to demand charges, which are based on the peak demand (the highest amount of power drawn at any one point during the billing period).
    • Time-of-Use Rates: Some utilities offer time-of-use (TOU) pricing, where electricity costs vary depending on the time of day or season. For example, electricity may be cheaper during off-peak hours and more expensive during peak hours.
  3. Meter Reading and Billing Cycle:
    • Monthly Billing: Typically, customers receive a bill once a month, based on the reading of the electricity meter.
    • Estimation: If a meter reading is not available, some utilities may estimate usage based on historical patterns or average usage.
    • Smart Meter Readings: With smart meters, some utilities can provide daily or even hourly usage data, leading to more precise billing.
  4. Meter Standards: The standards for electrical meters, including their accuracy and certification, are set by national organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Meters must meet these standards to ensure they are accurate and reliable.
  5. Utility Commission Regulations: Each state has a utility commission (such as the California Public Utilities Commission, the Texas Public Utility Commission, etc.) that regulates the rates and billing practices of electricity providers. These commissions ensure that rates are fair and that utilities follow proper procedures for meter readings, billing cycles, and customer service
  6. Large University “Utilities”.   Large colleges and universities that generate and distribute some or all of their electric power consumption have developed practices to distribute the cost of electricity supply to buildings.  We will cover comparative utility billing practices in a dedicated colloquium sometime in 2025.

Michigan Public Service Commission | Consumer’s Energy Customer Billing Rules

Impossible Brunch Pie

April 13, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Welcome | Extension | Standards North Dakota | Campus Master Plan

Click Image for Recipe

North Dakota State University | Fargo County

❤️ Homophily North Dakota ❤️

The Liberals are Coming and They’re Bringing Fancy Coffee | Kristin B. Tate

North Dakota has a strong rural, conservative identity* that many residents value, and concerns about preserving that amid population shifts are common. While discouraging specific groups based on politics could veer into unethical or illegal territory, here are some legal, community-focused strategies citizens might use to emphasize the state’s unique character and potentially make it less appealing to those seeking urban amenities or progressive policies that destroyed the cities they flee.

  • Advocate for policies that reinforce rural priorities
    Residents can lobby for state laws that prioritize agriculture, energy production (like oil and coal), and low-density development. For example, supporting zoning restrictions that limit high-rise buildings or large-scale urban sprawl could maintain the open spaces and small-town feel.
  • Promote cultural and lifestyle differences publicly
    Through social media, local newspapers, or community forums, highlight the realities of North Dakota life—harsh winters, limited public transit, fewer entertainment options, and a focus on self-reliance. Sharing stories or campaigns about why urban transplants might struggle can naturally filter out those expecting city conveniences.
  • Strengthen local conservative networks
    Organize or join groups like the North Dakota Republican Party, farm bureaus, or hunting/fishing clubs to amplify voices on issues like Second Amendment rights, low taxes, and minimal government intervention. Hosting events that celebrate these values might signal to potential movers that the political climate leans heavily one way.
  • Support economic incentives tied to traditional industries
    Push for tax breaks or programs that favor farming, ranching, and fossil fuels over tech or service sectors that attract urban professionals. This could slow the influx of people seeking remote work opportunities in “progressive” fields.
  • Engage in voter initiatives and education
    Citizens can campaign for ballot measures that protect against perceived urban influences, such as limits on property taxes or environmental regulations. Educating newcomers on local customs and expectations through welcome packets or town halls could also subtly encourage those who don’t align to reconsider.

Keep in mind that migration is often driven by jobs, family, or quality of life, and North Dakota has seen growth from various sources. If the goal is preservation rather than exclusion, focusing on positive community building might be more effective than deterrence.
*Personal responsibility, limited government, fiscal parsimony

Homeschool Uniforms

April 13, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Here are direct links to the articles and blog posts I mentioned (or very close matches where the exact title varied slightly but the content aligns perfectly):

College

Health Sciences Research Building

April 13, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Statement of Net Position 2024 $850.1 (2024) | Board of Governors

Rendering of the Health Sciences Research Building

Michigan Southeast | Wayne County

New Wayne State University Athletic Fieldhouse

Anthem “Seven Nation Army”

Embalming Arts

Campus Outdoor Lighting

April 12, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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“The Starry Night” | Vincent van Gogh

The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee has completed a chapter on recommended practice for designing, building, operating and maintaining campus exterior lighting systems in the forthcoming IEEE 3001.9 Recommended Practice for the Design of Power Systems for Supplying Commercial and Industrial Lighting Systems; a new IEEE Standards Association title inspired by, and derived from, the legacy “IEEE Red Book“.  The entire IEEE Color Book suite is in the process of being replaced by the IEEE 3000 Standards Collection™  which offers faster-moving and more scaleable, guidance to campus power system designers.

Campus exterior lighting systems generally run in the 100 to 10,000 fixture range and are, arguably, the most visible characteristic of public safety infrastructure.   Some major research universities have exterior lighting systems that are larger and more complex than cooperative and municipal power company lighting systems which are regulated by public service commissions.

While there has been considerable expertise in developing illumination concepts by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Illumination Engineering Society, the American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers, the International Electrotechnical Commission and the International Commission on Illumination, none of them contribute to leading practice discovery for the actual power chain for these large scale systems on a college campus.   The standard of care has been borrowed, somewhat anecdotally, from public utility community lighting system practice.  These concepts need to be revisited as the emergent #SmartCampus takes shape.

Electrical power professionals who service the education and university-affiliated healthcare facility industry should communicate directly with Mike Anthony (maanthon@umich.edu) or Jim Harvey (jharvey@umich.edu).  This project is also on the standing agenda of the IEEE E&H committee which meets online 4 times monthly — every other Tuesday — in European and American time zones.  Login credentials are available on its draft agenda page.

Issue: [15-199]

Category: Electrical, Public Safety, Architectural, #SmartCampus, Space Planning, Risk Management

Contact: Mike Anthony, Kane Howard, Jim Harvey, Dev Paul, Steven Townsend, Kane Howard


LEARN MORE:

Pathway Illumination

April 12, 2026
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“Nighthawks” 1942 Edward Hopper

The Illumination Engineering Society is one of the first names in standards-setting organizations with a catalog routinely referenced in design guidelines and construction projects.  Because of the money flow into illumination technologies worldwide the IES occupies a domain that is relatively crowded:

  • National Electrical Manufacturers and Medical Imaging Association; whose interest lies in leveling the playing field for about 300 electrical equipment manufacturers
  • Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers; whose interest lies in the research activity in seeing sciences, the luminescence sources and the power chain
  • American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers; whose interest lies in energy conservation
  • National Fire Protection Association; whose interest lies in fire safety of lighting systems within building premises.
  • International Code Council; whose interest lies in pulling together all of the relevant standards for lighting egress paths of the built environment
  • International Electrotechnical Commission; whose interest lies in the administration of global electrical and electronic technologies
  • International Commission on Illumination; the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces

There are others.  With illumination power requirement on a downward trajectory where footcandles can be driven at information & communication technology voltage and current levels; we find relatively new entrants into the market with deep pockets and for good reason.  In a typical building, the interior lighting load is the major electrical load (on the order of 40 percent) and a major contributor to the functionality of the building.  There are a number of other trade associations that are participants in research and open source standards for faster moving parts of the illumination science.  We will cover these in future, related posts.

Last year a new standardization project was launched by the IES. From the project prospectus:

IES LP-2-201x, Designing Quality Lighting for People in Outdoor Environments (new standard)

Project Need: This document is not intended to supersede existing IES application RPs, rather it will link the various documents together, augmenting them in subject areas not otherwise covered, including but not limited to sidewalks, bikepaths, pedestrian paths, parks, outdoor malls, pedestrian-only business districts, plazas, amphitheaters, large outdoor gathering areas, campuses, pedestrian bridges, and pedestrian underpasses.

Stakeholders: Lighting practitioners, electrical engineers, civic planners, civil engineers, architects, community-based planning groups, general public.  Lighting recommendations for non-vehicular pedestrian applications using recommendations beyond illuminance only, which ultimately fails to provide a complete guideline for the visual experience of pedestrian-based tasks. The RP will be a comprehensive approach for light levels, glare, adaptation, spectrum, and contrast while addressing safety, timing, and perceived security. Application of these recommendations will ultimately enhance the pedestrian’s visual experience while also respecting the environment.

Soon to be released, a related product covering technical specifics of a familiar battleground — lighting controls:

IES LP-12 Lighting Practice: IoT Connected Lighting

The consultation closed May 24th and the agenda of the committee writing this standard is being administered.  Very often technical committees are receptive to new ideas after a comment deadline if those ideas are submitted to a committee member directly.   We invite anyone with an interest in this topic to click in to any of our daily colloquia to begin that process.

Not far into the future: individually controlled luminaires responsive to the use of campus pathways.  There are already some pilot projects on higher education campuses.

IES Standards in Public Review

A few other technical committees relevant to educational communities should be identified, though we will sort through the standards setting activity in separate posts:

Edu-Lib-Ofc Lighting Committee

Outdoor Environmental Lighting Committee

Outdoor Public Spaces Committee

Roadway Lighting Committee  (Many large research universities own miles of roads)

We always encourage direct participation by space planners, workpoint experts and academic unit facility managers in IES standards development process.  Contact: Patricia McGillicuddy, (917) 913-0027, pmcgillicuddy@ies.org. 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, NY.

We  coordinate most of our electrotechnology standards advocacy with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in European and American time zones.  Its meeting agendas and login credentials are available on its website.   Since illumination technologies are present in all spaces in education communities, IES consensus products will appear on the standing agenda of most disciplines.  See our CALENDAR.

Issue: [19-50]

Category: Electrical, Space Planning

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard, Glenn Keates, George Reiher

*We find that when the SSO has heavy manufacturer support, its standards development facility lies in the upper-quality tier.

Ice Hockey Arena Lighting

April 11, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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National Collegiate Athletic Association: August 2022 IRS Form 900 Tax Filing

"People don’t notice whether it’s winter or summer when they’re happy" -- Anton Chekhov

After athletic arena life safety obligations are met (governed legally by NFPA 70, NFPA 101, NFPA 110,  the International Building Code and possibly other state adaptations of those consensus documents incorporated by reference into public safety law) business objective standards may come into play.For almost all athletic facilities,  the consensus documents of the Illumination Engineering Society[1], the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers[2][3] provide the first principles for life safety.  For business purposes, the documents distributed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association inform the standard of care for individual athletic arenas so that swiftly moving media production companies have some consistency in power sources and illumination as they move from site to site.  Sometimes concepts to meet both life safety and business objectives merge.

 

During hockey season the document linked below provides information to illumination designers and facility managers:

NCAA Best Lighting Practices

Athletic programs are a significant source of revenue and form a large part of the foundation of the brand identity of most educational institutions in the United States.   We focus primarily upon the technology standards that govern the safety, performance and sustainability of these enterprises.  We collaborate very closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee where subject matter experts in electrical power systems meet 4 times each month in the Americas and Europe.

See our CALENDAR for our next colloquium on Sport facility codes and standards  We typically walk through the safety and sustainability concepts in play; identify commenting opportunities; and find user-interest “champions” on the technical committees who have a similar goal in lowering #TotalCostofOwnership.

"People don’t notice whether it’s winter or summer when they’re happy" -- Anton Chekhov

Issue: [15-138]*

Category: Electrical, Architectural, Arts & Entertainment Facilities, Athletics

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Jack Janveja, Jose Meijer, Scott Gibbs


LEARN MORE:

[1] Illumination Engineering Handbook

[2] IEEE 3001.9 Recommended Practice for Design of Power Systems for Supplying Lighting Systems for Commercial & Industrial Facilities

[3] IEEE 3006.1 Power System Reliability

 

* Issue numbering before 2016 dates back to the original University of Michigan codes and standards advocacy enterprise 

Santa Clara University | “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas” https://youtu.be/q7pZVRIo05U?si=F_b51knk_sQfv009

Covers

April 11, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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American Classical  ♫ American Songbook


Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School | Montgomery County Maryland 240

Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School | Montgomery County Maryland 240

“The Nearness of You” | Hoagy Carmichael 1950

♫ Popular American ♫

Ryan Fieldhouse

April 11, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Northwestern University Facilities 


Standards Illinois

There Will Be a Special Place in Hell for Chicago’s Mayors

Chicago’s mayors have presided over one of the most tragic declines of a great American city. From the unchecked corruption of the machine politics era to the modern failures of progressive governance, a pattern of betrayal emerges. Leaders like Richard J. Daley entrenched patronage and racial division, while successors such as Lori Lightfoot and Brandon Johnson have accelerated chaos through soft-on-crime policies, sanctuary city mandates, and fiscal recklessness that burden taxpayers while coddling criminals and migrants.

Violent crime has scarred neighborhoods for decades, with Black and Hispanic communities suffering most from gang warfare and failed “defund the police” experiments. Budget deficits balloon as pensions go unfunded and businesses flee. Yet mayors offer excuses, virtue signals, and higher taxes instead of accountability. Education collapses under union control, leaving generations unprepared.

These leaders inherit a proud city on the lake and leave it more dangerous, divided, and broke. For squandering potential and harming the vulnerable they claimed to champion, there will indeed be a special place in hell for Chicago’s mayors.

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