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Drone Safety

“Icarus” | Joos de Momper

 

 

“All limits are self imposed.”

― Daedalus and Icarus (Metamorphoses, Ovid)

 

The National Fire Protection Association has added another standard to its suite of public safety documents: NFPA 2400 Standard for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) used for Public Safety Operations.   This standard covers the minimum requirements relating to the operation, deployment, and implementation of small unmanned aircraft systems for public safety operations.   The standard is developed by two main committees — one committee for drone systems (UAS-AAA) and another committee for the professional qualifications to operate and maintain drone systems (PQU-AAC)

From the project prospectus:

This standard shall cover the minimum requirements relating to the operation, deployment, and implementation of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) for public safety operations. This standard shall establish operational protocols for public safety entities who use and support sUAS. This standard shall include minimum job performance requirements (JPRs) for public safety personnel who operate and support sUAS. This standard shall include minimum requirements for the maintenance of sUAS when used by public safety entities. This standard shall provide additional minimum requirements specific to public safety entities.

The 2019 Edition of NFPA 2400 has already been released for public use.  Because this is a relatively new addition to the NFPA suite we provide two links that offer insight into the ideas running through it: The First Draft Report for the AAA committee is linked below:

2400_Cust2020_UAS_AAA_FRReport

The First Draft Report for the AAC committee is linked below:

2400_Cust2020_PQU_AAC_FDagenda_04_18

We choose these reports to provide an overview of the technical and management concepts in play in the first draft.  It is not uncommon, in the developmental trajectory of any accredited standard, that the bulk of it is largely administrative.  You may view it with a (free) NFPA public review account.  Get one by CLICKING HERE

First Draft 2024 Revision

Application of this technology for public safety on college and university campuses will likely accelerate and, hopefully, a catalog of case studies that will be shared.   We find that several educational organizations are supporting faculty and staff involvement:  University of Illinois Fire Service Institute, Piedmont Virginia Community College, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Oklahoma State University and the University Of Cincinnati are supporting the participation of Special Experts.  The Los Angeles Unified School District is supporting a User Interest.

We expect that agricultural colleges and universities will begin developing curricula around the use of drones for crop inspection.

We encourage operations and maintenance staff — the various roofing and landscaping and grounds shops; for example — to participate in the development of the next revision.  You may do so here: NFPA PUBLIC INPUT PAGE.  We recommend you communicate directly with NFPA staff — either Michael Wixler or Elena Carroll.  CLICK HERE for contact help.

We maintain this title on the standing agenda of periodic Mobility, Risk and Aerospace colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Schriever School Age Care | Schriever Air Force Base Indoor Running Track

 

Issue: [18-269], [16-199]

Category: Public Safety, Risk Management, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Richard Robben

Standards Massachusetts

LEARN MORE:

ISO/TC 20/SC 16 Unmanned aircraft systems

Drones are also being used for rooftop cooling tower inspection: ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SAE International: Requirements for a Terrestrial Based Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) System to Improve Unmanned Vehicle Navigation Solutions and Ensure Critical Infrastructure Security

 

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Wiring for Luminaires in High Ceiling Occupancies

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Fire Pump Electric Power

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Building Construction & Safety Code

“Architect’s Dream” / Thomas Code

The scope of NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code — a consensus title of ‘similar’ scope developed by the International Code Council* — is paraphrased below:

 “…The Code addresses those construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize danger to life and property.  The Code does not address features that solely affect economic loss to private property…”

Our interest in this title contributes to our goal of understanding a fully dimensioned best practice bibliography for the built environment in education communities.  CLICK HERE for Free Access

The original University of Michigan standards advocacy enterprise began its engagement with this code with the inaugural edition in 2009, with special attention to the chapters listed below:

Chapter 17: Educational Occupancies

Chapter 18: Daycare Occupancies

Chapter 19: Health Care Occupancies

Chapter 51: Energy Systems

Chapter 52: Electrical Systems

A few Standards Michigan proposals track in the transcripts:

Educational and Day-Care Occupancies

Health Care Occupancies

Public consultation on the Second Draft closes March 28, 2023.  

We maintain NFPA 5000 on the standing agenda of our Model Building Code colloquia when we examine it along with competitor titles; notably International Code Council titles (I-Codes).   See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [8-100]

Category: Architectural, Structural, Accessibility

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Joe DeRosier, Jack Janveja

*By comparison the scope statement in the International Building Code — Section 101 General — is paraphrased below:

“…The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, relocation, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every building or structure or appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures…”

 

Electrical Rooms

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Building Energy Code

“The Conquest of Energy” / José Chávez Morado / Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Since about 2003 the National Fire Protection Association has invested in a consensus product that competes with other ANSI accredited standards developing organizations to secure a footprint in the energy conservation space:  NFPA 900 Building Energy Code.  Use of the word “code” in its title is significant.   It means that NFPA 900 has been written to be incorporated by reference into federal, state and local energy conservation legislation.

From the NFPA 900 prospectus:

These regulations shall control the minimum energy-efficient requirements for the following:

(1) The design, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, demolition, removal, inspection, issuance, and revocation of permits or licenses, installation of equipment related to energy conservation in all buildings and structures and parts thereof

(2) The rehabilitation and maintenance of construction related to energy efficiency in existing buildings

(3) The standards or requirements for materials to be used in connection therewith.

Sound familiar?  At the very least, NFPA 900 fills out the 300+ consensus product offerings of the NFPA.  A brief reading of NFPA 900 reveals that it references consensus products by the ICC, ASHRAE and other ANSI-accredited standards developers.   The public input deadline passed in January 2020.   The public input report will be posted no later than September 10th.   A first reading, available to registered NFPA-access members, reveals little new content.

Public input on the 2025 revision is receivable until January 5, 2023.

We host a monthly teleconference that covers Energy-related consensus products.  See our CALENDAR for the next online teleconference

University of California Merced Power Plant

 

Issue: [6-5] [12-79]

Category: Public Safety, Risk Management, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Richard Robben

LINK TO LEGACY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN  NFPA WORKSPACE

 

 

Halloween Safety Tips

 

Dormitory, Fraternity, Sorority and Barrack Structure Fires

Life Safety for Dormitories, Classrooms & Assembly

 

The NFPA Life Safety Code is among the most widely adopted NFPA consensus products; having issued its First Edition in 1913.  Free public access to the current edition is linked below:

2018 NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

Since the 2009 revision we have focused our attention on three chapters that directly influence the safety and sustainability agenda of the US education facility industry:

Chapters 12 & 13 / Assembly Occupancies.  A great deal of the square-footage under the stewardship of educational organizations are lecture halls, theaters, athletic venues, et al.

Chapters 14 & 15 / Educational Occupancies.  An occupancy used for educational purposes through the tweflth grade by six or more persons for 4 or more hours per day, et al

Chapter 18 & 19 / Health Care Occupancies.  We limit our interest to university-affiliated healthcare enterprise square footage; though we recognize that there is very little difference in life safety concepts between university affiliated and private/corporate healthcare facilities.   Many corporate healthcare enterprises are “branded” with university affiliations because relationships with teaching and research enterprises is good for business.    Where there are differences in life safety for healthcare facilities lie in the electrotechnologies of stand-alone campuses which we follow with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee.

Chapters 28 & 29 / Hotels and Dormitories.  A building in which group sleeping accommodations are provided for more than 16 persons, et al.

The foregoing definitions received more granular treatment in Chapter 3 and “roughly” correlate with changes in International Code Council consensus products.

We find an above average number of user-interest technical committee members on NFPA 101 committees; notably Lee County School District (Florida), Florida School Boards Association, University of Kentucky, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Fairfax County Public Schools, US Department of the Air Force, Anne Arundel County Public Schools, University of Texas at Austin, Drexel University, University of Michigan, Indiana University Health.

We applaud these organizations and experts because a school district, college or university makes a long-term investment in such expertise.  This is far from the case in other areas of the $300 billion annual spend of the US education facility industry (See our ABOUT)

Most of our work since the 2009 edition involved proposing more specifics about student residence halls — especially kitchen fire safety.  We believed, and still believe, that student dormitories are different from hotels, documented in the link below:

NFPA 2012 Report on Proposals

We continue to follow action in the foregoing sections of NFPA 101 and link the transcripts of the technical committee on residential occupancies:

Public Input Report

Public Comment Report

After the Second Draft Report is released on or before January 22, 2020 we will have until February 19, 2020 to submit more public comment on decisions made during the Second Draft development through the NITMAM process.

We keep the Life Safety Code on the agenda of our monthly Fire Protection and our Design Guidelines & Specifications teleconference.  All teleconferences are open to everyone with two clicks.   See our CALENDAR for the next online meetings.

 

National Fire Protection Association 

For the last century, local, state, and federal governments have relied on private non-profit organizations like NFPA to develop the codes that are adopted into law to protect public safety. The cost of developing the codes is covered not by taxpayers but by the standards organizations themselves, who recover those costs through their ownership of the copyrights in the codes and standards. “Even though we own those copyrights, NFPA strives to make its documents as accessible as possible, because we believe this is the best way to accomplish our mission,” says NFPA President Jim Shannon. NFPA is proud to have been the first organization to have taken the bold step of creating free public access to privately developed codes and standards.

List of NFPA Codes and Standards

 

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