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July 1, 1993
mike@standardsmichigan.com

Dickinson College | Cumberland County Pennsylvania

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July
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  • 01
    01.July.Tuesday

    National Electrical Safety Code 2028

    All day
    2025.07.01

    NESC 2028 EDITION REVISION SCHEDULE

     

    “East Wind Over Weehawke” 1934 | Edward Hopper

    https://standardsmichigan.com/ieee-c2-2017-national-electrical-safety-code-content-transfer/

  • 01
    01.July.Tuesday

    Canadian National Day

    All day
    2025.07.01

  • 02
    02.July.Wednesday

    Year Round Campus

    All day
    2025.07.02


    https://standardsmichigan.com/vacation-bible-school/

    https://standardsmichigan.com/summer-meals/

     

  • 02
    02.July.Wednesday

    Sherman Act 1890

    All day
    2025.07.02

    The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which prohibits anticompetitive practices and monopolies, has an indirect but significant relationship with voluntary consensus standards (VCS). VCS are industry-developed standards created through collaborative, open processes to ensure interoperability, safety, or efficiency in products and services.

    1. Antitrust Concerns in Standard-Setting: The collaborative nature of VCS development, where competitors work together to set industry standards, can raise antitrust concerns under the Sherman Act. If standard-setting organizations (SSOs) or participants engage in practices like price-fixing, market allocation, or excluding competitors, they could violate Section 1 of the Act, which prohibits agreements that unreasonably restrain trade. For example, if an SSO excludes certain firms from participating in standard-setting to suppress competition, it could face scrutiny.

    2. Procompetitive Benefits: Courts and regulators generally recognize that VCS, when developed transparently and inclusively, promote competition by fostering interoperability, reducing costs, and encouraging innovation. The Sherman Act supports such procompetitive activities as long as they don’t involve collusion or exclusionary tactics. Guidelines from bodies like the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) emphasize that SSOs should adopt open, fair processes to avoid antitrust violations.

    3. Legal Precedents: Cases like Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc. (1988) illustrate the Sherman Act’s application to VCS. In this case, the Supreme Court found that manipulating a standard-setting process to exclude a competitor’s product violated the Sherman Act. This underscores the need for SSOs to ensure their processes are not abused to suppress competition.

    4. Patent and FRAND Issues: VCS often involve patented technologies, requiring fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms. If patent holders abuse their position by demanding excessive royalties or refusing to license, this could be seen as monopolistic behavior under Section 2 of the Sherman Act, which addresses unilateral conduct that harms competition.

    The Sherman Act ensures that VCS processes remain competitive and do not become vehicles for collusion or monopolistic behavior. SSOs must design their procedures to comply with antitrust laws, balancing collaboration with the prevention of anticompetitive practices.

  • 02
    02.July.Wednesday

    Redundant space

    11:00 -12:00
    2025.07.02
    Here are terms of art commonly used to describe low occupancy rates or low space usage factors in schools, colleges, and universities:
    1. Underutilization – Refers to spaces or facilities in educational institutions that are not used to their full capacity.
    2. Low Occupancy Rate – The percentage of available space or seats in a facility that remains unoccupied during a given period.
    3. Space Utilization Rate – A metric indicating the extent to which physical spaces (classrooms, labs, etc.) are being used, often low when spaces are underused.
    4. Idle Capacity – Describes resources or spaces within an institution that are not actively used or scheduled.
    5. Excess Capacity – When the available space or facilities exceed the demand or actual usage.
    6. Low Enrollment Impact – Refers to reduced space usage due to lower-than-expected student enrollment.
    7. Vacant Space – Areas within a campus (e.g., classrooms, dorms, or offices) that remain unoccupied or unused.
    8. Underused Facilities – Buildings, rooms, or resources that are not fully engaged in academic or operational activities.
    9. Space Inefficiency – A term describing the suboptimal use of available space relative to its potential.
    10. Ghost Space – Informal term for areas that are rarely or never used, remaining empty for extended periods.
    11. Unoccupied Seat Ratio – The proportion of available seats in classrooms or lecture halls that are not filled.
    12. Facility Downtime – Periods when spaces like auditoriums or labs are not in use.
    13. Low Utilization Factor – A metric used in space management to indicate below-optimal use of facilities.
    14. Empty Classroom Syndrome – A colloquial term for classrooms that remain empty or sparsely used during scheduled hours.
    15. Space Surplus – When the available physical space exceeds the institution’s current needs.
    16. Non-Optimized Space Allocation – Refers to the inefficient assignment of spaces for classes or activities, leading to underuse.
    17. Low Footfall Areas – Campus zones with minimal student, staff, or visitor traffic, indicating low usage.
    18. Unused Capacity – Similar to idle capacity, focusing on resources or spaces that are available but not utilized.
    19. Vacancy Rate – A term borrowed from real estate, used to describe the percentage of unused space in dormitories or other facilities.
    20. Scheduling Inefficiency – Low space usage due to suboptimal scheduling of classes or events, leaving spaces empty during peak hours.
    21. Dormitory Underoccupancy – Specific to residential facilities, where dorm rooms or beds remain unassigned or empty.
    22. Classroom Vacancy – Refers to empty or underused classrooms during scheduled academic hours.
    23. Space Redundancy – When institutions maintain more space than necessary for their current operations.
    24. Low Space Efficiency – A broad term for spaces that are not used effectively in terms of time, capacity, or purpose.
    25. Operational Underuse – Describes facilities that are not fully integrated into the institution’s operational or academic activities.
    These terms are often used in facilities management, enrollment planning, and campus space optimization discussions to address inefficiencies and plan for better resource allocation. If you need further clarification or examples for any of these, let me know!
    explain space utilization
    campus sustainability initiatives
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The academic calendar of Anglosphere educational settlements subtly shapes life of the mind, generally; and family life, specifically.  Its rhythm is rooted in the cathedral schools and monastic learning communities of medieval Europe between the 1100s and 1400s. Universities were not originally organized around modern “semesters.” Instead, the year followed the Christian liturgical calendar, agricultural seasons, daylight availability, and travel conditions.

The classic English university calendar evolved into three major terms: Michaelmas in autumn, associated with arrival and beginnings; Hilary or Lent in winter, associated with discipline and study; and Trinity or Easter in spring, associated with examinations, outdoor rituals, music, rowing, gardens, and celebration.

Modern commencement traditions across the Anglosphere are descendants of medieval spring degree ceremonies. Academic gowns, hoods, processions, Latin phrases, formal dining, chapel music, and public recognition all preserve traces of the university as a scholarly guild and religious-civic community.

Before railways, electric lighting, and central heating, universities had to adapt to muddy roads, short winter days, limited candles, cold buildings, and agricultural obligations. Spring therefore became the natural season of culmination, reunion, athletic competition, courtship, and ceremony.

The medieval university was not merely a school but an educational settlement — a self-governing town of scholars, libraries, chapels, kitchens, workshops, residences, and dining halls. That settlement pattern survives in residential colleges, quadrangles, tutorial systems, common rooms, chapel choirs, and formal meals.

Anglosphere campuses retain this ancient emotional rhythm: autumn seriousness, winter inwardness, and spring release. That continuity helps explain why colleges and universities still feel culturally distinct from ordinary commercial society.  (Relata: Gulliver Visits the Great Academy of Lagado)

 

Quadrivium: Spring

We’re “organized” but not too organized; like the bookseller who knows where every book can be found.

Today in History

“Standard” History

 

 

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