Calendar

July 1, 1993

…My child has disappeared
Behind the schoolroom door. And should I live
To see his coming forth, a life away,
I know my hope, but do not know its form

Nor hope to know it. May the fathers he finds
Among his teachers have a care of him…—“September, The First Day Of School” | Howard Nemerov

Alpha Phi Michigan State University | Eaton County

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01
01.July.Tuesday
National Electrical Safety Code 2028
All day
2025.07.01
NESC 2028 EDITION REVISION SCHEDULE

“East Wind Over Weehawke” 1934 | Edward Hopper
https://standardsmichigan.com/ieee-c2-2017-national-electrical-safety-code-content-transfer/
01
01.July.Tuesday
Canadian National Day
All day
2025.07.01
02
02.July.Wednesday
Sherman Act 1890
All day
2025.07.02
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which prohibits anticompetitive practices and monopolies, has an indirect but significant relationship with voluntary consensus standards (VCS). VCS are industry-developed standards created through collaborative, open processes to ensure interoperability, safety, or efficiency in products and services.
1. Antitrust Concerns in Standard-Setting: The collaborative nature of VCS development, where competitors work together to set industry standards, can raise antitrust concerns under the Sherman Act. If standard-setting organizations (SSOs) or participants engage in practices like price-fixing, market allocation, or excluding competitors, they could violate Section 1 of the Act, which prohibits agreements that unreasonably restrain trade. For example, if an SSO excludes certain firms from participating in standard-setting to suppress competition, it could face scrutiny.
2. Procompetitive Benefits: Courts and regulators generally recognize that VCS, when developed transparently and inclusively, promote competition by fostering interoperability, reducing costs, and encouraging innovation. The Sherman Act supports such procompetitive activities as long as they don’t involve collusion or exclusionary tactics. Guidelines from bodies like the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) emphasize that SSOs should adopt open, fair processes to avoid antitrust violations.
3. Legal Precedents: Cases like Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc. (1988) illustrate the Sherman Act’s application to VCS. In this case, the Supreme Court found that manipulating a standard-setting process to exclude a competitor’s product violated the Sherman Act. This underscores the need for SSOs to ensure their processes are not abused to suppress competition.
4. Patent and FRAND Issues: VCS often involve patented technologies, requiring fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms. If patent holders abuse their position by demanding excessive royalties or refusing to license, this could be seen as monopolistic behavior under Section 2 of the Sherman Act, which addresses unilateral conduct that harms competition.
The Sherman Act ensures that VCS processes remain competitive and do not become vehicles for collusion or monopolistic behavior. SSOs must design their procedures to comply with antitrust laws, balancing collaboration with the prevention of anticompetitive practices.
02
02.July.Wednesday
Year Round Campus
All day
2025.07.02
Resident Counselors are current ND undergrads who mentor our high school students during on-campus programs. We’re so thankful for this group who share their love of @NotreDame all summer long. ☘️ ☀️ pic.twitter.com/bQQIKy1tR5
— Notre Dame Pre-College Programs (@NDPreCollege) July 21, 2022
Frisbee, friends, and sunshine—just another day for students to enjoy Year-Round Campus! ☀️💙#LifeatMary pic.twitter.com/vjVl66tYuC
— University of Mary (@umary) June 24, 2025

https://standardsmichigan.com/vacation-bible-school/
A perfect day for football camp. We have two more sessions coming up in July—register your kids now! https://t.co/XaSBxv4mHC. pic.twitter.com/9isTPbWWJ4
— Rochester Community and Technical College (@RochesterCTC) June 28, 2025
https://standardsmichigan.com/summer-meals/
02
02.July.Wednesday
Redundant space
11:00 -12:00
2025.07.02
Here are terms of art commonly used to describe low occupancy rates or low space usage factors in schools, colleges, and universities:
Underutilization – Refers to spaces or facilities in educational institutions that are not used to their full capacity.
Low Occupancy Rate – The percentage of available space or seats in a facility that remains unoccupied during a given period.
Space Utilization Rate – A metric indicating the extent to which physical spaces (classrooms, labs, etc.) are being used, often low when spaces are underused.
Idle Capacity – Describes resources or spaces within an institution that are not actively used or scheduled.
Excess Capacity – When the available space or facilities exceed the demand or actual usage.
Low Enrollment Impact – Refers to reduced space usage due to lower-than-expected student enrollment.
Vacant Space – Areas within a campus (e.g., classrooms, dorms, or offices) that remain unoccupied or unused.
Underused Facilities – Buildings, rooms, or resources that are not fully engaged in academic or operational activities.
Space Inefficiency – A term describing the suboptimal use of available space relative to its potential.
Ghost Space – Informal term for areas that are rarely or never used, remaining empty for extended periods.
Unoccupied Seat Ratio – The proportion of available seats in classrooms or lecture halls that are not filled.
Facility Downtime – Periods when spaces like auditoriums or labs are not in use.
Low Utilization Factor – A metric used in space management to indicate below-optimal use of facilities.
Empty Classroom Syndrome – A colloquial term for classrooms that remain empty or sparsely used during scheduled hours.
Space Surplus – When the available physical space exceeds the institution’s current needs.
Non-Optimized Space Allocation – Refers to the inefficient assignment of spaces for classes or activities, leading to underuse.
Low Footfall Areas – Campus zones with minimal student, staff, or visitor traffic, indicating low usage.
Unused Capacity – Similar to idle capacity, focusing on resources or spaces that are available but not utilized.
Vacancy Rate – A term borrowed from real estate, used to describe the percentage of unused space in dormitories or other facilities.
Scheduling Inefficiency – Low space usage due to suboptimal scheduling of classes or events, leaving spaces empty during peak hours.
Dormitory Underoccupancy – Specific to residential facilities, where dorm rooms or beds remain unassigned or empty.
Classroom Vacancy – Refers to empty or underused classrooms during scheduled academic hours.
Space Redundancy – When institutions maintain more space than necessary for their current operations.
Low Space Efficiency – A broad term for spaces that are not used effectively in terms of time, capacity, or purpose.
Operational Underuse – Describes facilities that are not fully integrated into the institution’s operational or academic activities.
These terms are often used in facilities management, enrollment planning, and campus space optimization discussions to address inefficiencies and plan for better resource allocation. If you need further clarification or examples for any of these, let me know!
explain space utilization
campus sustainability initiatives