“One is dreadfully vulnerable through those one loves.”
– C.P. Snow (The Masters, 1951)
Yes, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) maintains model (also called pro forma or standard) electric interconnection agreements as part of its regulations under the Federal Power Act. These serve as templates that FERC-jurisdictional transmission providers (e.g., utilities owning interstate transmission, RTOs/ISOs like PJM, MISO) must incorporate into their Open Access Transmission Tariffs (OATTs), with limited deviations allowed only if justified.These models primarily apply to generator interconnections (new generation resources connecting to the grid), not directly to large loads like data centers. Interconnection of large loads (e.g., gigawatt-scale data centers) is generally handled at the state level under local utility tariffs, though FERC has jurisdiction over wholesale aspects and is exploring reforms for large loads via recent DOE directives and proceedings.Key FERC Model/Pro Forma Interconnection AgreementsFERC has established standardized agreements through orders over the years (e.g., Order No. 2003 for large generators, Order No. 2006 for small, and major updates in Order No. 2023 and clarifications in 2023-A). The main ones are: These pro forma agreements are not one-size-fits-all “model” contracts for every scenario but standardized templates that transmission providers must adopt (or substantially follow) to ensure non-discriminatory, just, and reasonable interconnection processes. Transmission providers file compliance revisions to their tariffs incorporating these, and FERC approves or modifies them. Interconnection customers can negotiate specifics, but core terms remain standardized.Relevance to Large Loads/Data Centers If you’re asking in the context of a data center’s grid connection (e.g., the Saline project), the relevant agreement would likely be a state-level special contract or utility tariff, not a FERC pro forma LGIA/SGIA—unless the data center co-locates generation or involves wholesale market participation triggering FERC jurisdiction.FERC posts the current pro forma documents on its Generator Interconnection page, including PDFs of the LGIA and SGIA. Let me know if you’d like details on specific articles, recent updates, or how these might apply/analogize to large-load scenarios!![]()
Model Interconnec Agreements
This is the pro forma LGIA (Standard Large Generator Interconnection Agreement), attached as Appendix 6 to the pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Procedures (LGIP). It covers terms for interconnection service, network upgrades, cost allocation, milestones, liability, termination, and more.
This is the pro forma SGIA (Standard Small Generator Interconnection Agreement), used under the Small Generator Interconnection Procedures (SGIP). It includes provisions for parallel operation, inspection/testing, cost responsibility, termination, and disconnection.

Scales Mound School District | Jo Daviess County Illinois 815
The calendar of Anglosphere educational settlements subtly shapes life of the mind, generally; and family and community life, specifically. Its cadence has roots in the cathedral schools and monastic learning communities of medieval Europe. Universities were not originally organized around modern “semesters.” Instead, the year followed the Christian liturgical calendar, agricultural seasons, food paths, daylight availability, and travel conditions.
In America educational calendars were nudged along by agricultural cycles. In the United Kingdom university calendars evolved into three major terms: Michaelmas in autumn, associated with arrival and beginnings; Hilary or Lent in winter, associated with discipline and study; and Trinity or Easter in spring, associated with examinations, outdoor rituals, music, rowing, gardens, and celebration.
Modern commencement traditions across the Anglosphere are descendants of medieval spring degree ceremonies. Academic gowns, hoods, processions, Latin phrases, formal dining, chapel music, and public recognition all preserve traces of the university as a scholarly guild and religious-civic community.
Before railways, electric lighting, and central heating, universities had to adapt to muddy roads, short winter days, limited candles, cold buildings, and agricultural obligations. Spring therefore became the natural season of culmination, reunion, athletic competition, courtship, and ceremony.
The medieval university was not merely a school but an educational settlement — a self-governing town of scholars, libraries, chapels, kitchens, workshops, residences, and dining halls. That settlement pattern survives in residential colleges, quadrangles, tutorial systems, common rooms, chapel choirs, and formal meals.
Anglosphere campuses retain this ancient emotional rhythm: autumn seriousness, winter inwardness, and spring release. That continuity helps explain why colleges and universities still feel culturally distinct from ordinary commercial society. (Relata: Gulliver Visits the Great Academy of Lagado)

We’re “organized” but not too organized; like the bookseller who knows where every book can be found.
at a conference where you don’t have to present
— Peyman Milanfar (@docmilanfar) April 4, 2025
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Academics be like 👇 pic.twitter.com/6cpVEw3PVS
— Reviewer 2 (@GrumpyReviewer2) April 2, 2024






