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2023 Financial Report & Audit | $1.092B
The United States Food and Drug Administration and the National Coffee Association recommended standard temperature for safe hot coffee is around 160°F to 165°F (71°C to 74°C). This temperature range is considered hot enough to be enjoyable while minimizing the risk of scalding or burning.
These agencies do not have specific regulations or guidelines solely dedicated to cold brew coffee. However, there are general principles and best practices for handling and storing perishable food products that can be applied to cold brew coffee to ensure safety.*
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Cold brew coffee typically requires more time to prepare than traditional hot brew coffee. While hot brew coffee can be made in just a few minutes, cold brew coffee is made by steeping coffee grounds in cold water for an extended period of time, usually between 12 to 24 hours. The longer steeping time allows the coffee to extract more slowly and results in a smoother, less acidic coffee concentrate. After steeping, the coffee grounds are usually filtered out and the resulting concentrate can be diluted with water, milk, or other liquids and served over ice. While cold brew coffee does require more time to prepare, many coffee drinkers prefer its smoother, less bitter taste and lower acidity compared to hot brewed coffee. Additionally, the longer shelf life of cold brew coffee concentrate makes it a popular choice for those who like to prepare coffee in advance and have it ready to drink throughout the day. |
The Sacred Myths of Liberalism | Eric Kaufman (University of Buckingham)
Elon University Facilities Management
We cover the technical standards applicable to small to medium sized coffee preparation installations in a cross-cutting way during our Kitchens 200 colloquium.
Relevant IEEE Research:
COVID-19 pandemic affected on coffee beverage decision and consumers’ behavior
Using Digital Marketing to Enhance Sustainability in The Coffee Business
* These recommendations are based on general food safety practices:
Water quality: Start with clean, potable water to brew your cold brew coffee. Make sure the water source is safe and free from contaminants.
Brewing process: Follow good manufacturing practices and ensure that your brewing equipment and utensils are clean and sanitized. Cold brew coffee is typically brewed using room temperature or cold water over an extended period. Ensure that the brewing container is properly sealed and protected from any potential sources of contamination.
Filtration: After the brewing process, filter the cold brew coffee to remove any sediment or particles. This can be done using a fine-mesh sieve or a dedicated filtration system.
Storage: Store the cold brew coffee in a clean, airtight container in the refrigerator. This helps to inhibit the growth of bacteria and maintain the quality of the coffee. Cold brew coffee can typically be stored for a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the specific recipe and preparation method.
Temperature control: Keep the cold brew coffee refrigerated at a temperature below 41°F (5°C) to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.
Serve safely: When serving cold brew coffee, use clean and sanitized utensils, containers, and dispensing equipment to avoid cross-contamination. If you add any additional ingredients like milk or sweeteners, ensure that they are stored properly and do not exceed their recommended storage times.
Congratulations to our Lumen Scholars who are going out into the world and making a difference. Learn more about the projects they worked on during their time at Elon and what's next here: https://t.co/iuh9wQ16NB pic.twitter.com/NJ3RiNTVS3
— Elon University (@elonuniversity) June 18, 2025
Facilities & Energy Services: Procedures & Standards

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“Everything You Know About The Future is Wrong”
How surprisingly recent of an invention is your favourite way of brewing your morning coffee? pic.twitter.com/mnZYOPqs8L
— Simon Kuestenmacher (@simongerman600) January 27, 2024
Aristotle: On Sophistical Refutations Coming To Be Passing Away The Cosmos
Purdue University: Logical Fallacies and How to Spot Them
Plunder and Deceit: Big Government’s Exploitation of Young People and the Future (Mark Levin, 2015)
“No village or individual shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks,
except those who from of old are legally bound to do so.”
— Magna Cara Clause 23 (Limiting forced labor for infrastructure)

“Clare Hall and King’s College Chapel, Cambridge, from the Banks of the River Cam” / Joseph Mallord William Turner (1793)
Smart Infrastructure: Getting More From Strategic Assets
Dr Jennifer Schooling, Director of CSIC
Dr Ajith Parlikad, CSIC Co-Investigator and Senior Lecturer
Mark Enzer, Global Water Sector Leader
Mott MacDonald; Keith Bowers, Principal Tunnel Engineer, London Underground
Ross Dentten, Asset Information and Configuration Manager, Crossrail
Matt Edwards, Asset Maintenance and Information Manager, Anglian Water Services
Jerry England, Group Digital Railway Director, Network Rail
Volker Buscher, Director, Arup Digital
Smart Infrastructure is a global opportunity worth £2trn-4.8trn. The world is experiencing a fourth industrial revolution due to the rapid development of technologies and digital abundance.
Smart Infrastructure involves applying this to economic infrastructure for the benefit of all stakeholders. It will allow owners and operators to get more out of what they already have, increasing capacity, efficiency and resilience and improving services.
It brings better performance at lower cost. Gaining more from existing assets is the key to enhancing service provision despite constrained finance and growing resource scarcity. It will often be more cost-effective to add to the overall value of mature infrastructure via digital enhancements than by physical enhancements – physical enhancements add `more of the same’, whereas digital enhancements can transform the existing as well.
Smart Infrastructure will shape a better future. Greater understanding of the performance of our infrastructure will allow new infrastructure to be designed and delivered more efficiently and to provide better whole-life value.
Data is the key – the ownership of it and the ability to understand and act on it. Industry, organisations and professionals need to be ready to adjust in order to take advantage of the emerging opportunities. Early adopters stand to gain the most benefit. Everyone in the infrastructure sector has a choice as to how fast they respond to the changes that Smart Infrastructure will bring. But everyone will be affected.
Change is inevitable. Progress is optional. Now is the time for the infrastructure industry to choose to be Smart.
LEARN MORE:
Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction
Perspective: Since this paper is general in its recommendations, we provide examples of specific campus infrastructure data points that are difficult, if not impossible, to identify and “make smart” — either willfully, for lack of funding, for lack of consensus, for lack of understanding or leadership:
Financial Statement: An apparent CA$40.193 shortfall | National Building Code of Canada
Dal Student Life: Our Favorite Coffee Shops
This is what Canadians built before the country went insane pic.twitter.com/iZ5xZiMJxH
— Jeremy Wayne Tate (@JeremyTate41) February 2, 2024
June 5 is Constitution Day in Denmark 🇩🇰
We celebrate our democracy and the duty to pass it on 📜
Marked with flags, speeches, and community spirit🤝 pic.twitter.com/WbqQy55l72
— Denmark.dk (@denmarkdotdk) June 5, 2025
Aarhus Universitet Financial Report 2023: 262 DKK million | Danmark
Aarhus University was founded in 1928 and is the second oldest university in Denmark. It has a total enrollment of approximately 39,000 students and employed around 9,000 faculty members and staff. During the summer its doors are open to everyone on earth.
“At the Breakfast Table” | Laurits Andersen Ring
Afternoon Tea.
Sherree Valentine-Daines. Contemporary British artist, born 1956. pic.twitter.com/065XFtkIFA— El Eremita (@dinamittEros) May 31, 2022
Harvard Net Position 2024: $16.582B | University of Michigan Net Position 2024: $22.335B
Good morning everyone. Hope you have a great day ♥️ pic.twitter.com/Fq3btwXrXg
— JAN 🇺🇸 (@janaroo1) April 22, 2025
Harvard Life Sciences Facilities
Harvard University | Campus Property, Facilities, and Resources
Harvard University Buildings & Facilities
Harvard University Facilities Maintenance Department
Newcastle University, founded in 1834 as the School of Medicine and Surgery, evolved into a university in 1963. Its origins are intertwined with the advancement of medical education in Newcastle. Like many European universities its main “campus’ is integrated into the heart of the city.
Newcastle University | Estates and Facilities
Sir Roger Scruton: Beauty, Conservatism & Tradition
Recorded January 2015
Mathieu Manach : Percussions
Jean-Michel Warluzelle : Bass & background vocal
Bruno Thivend : Guitar & background vocal
Pierric Tailler : Vocal & guitar
Université de Lyon | Fête des Lumières 2019 – Les Rêveries Lumineuses de Léonard
“Lovely Day” Bill Withers Cover
Hightower Trail Middle School 8th Grade Chorus
Cobb County Georgia@HTMSCobb
print(“Lunch Hour 1600 UTC”)\n weekday(2)https://t.co/0Fz6AYYv20 pic.twitter.com/nB5NmBWNE8— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) February 5, 2025
"Lovely Day Cover" – Bill Withers | Berklee College of Music Class of '24
print("Lunch Hour 1600 UTC")\n weekday(2)https://t.co/0qAyPYmvyM pic.twitter.com/YQxkcFI5yM— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) May 24, 2023
“You invent a story, and then the story invents you.”
— Umberto Eco’s Foucault’s Pendulum
Università degli Studi di Trieste
Truth as Glorious Adventure | Douglas Murray & Jordan Peterson
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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