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Illumination Art

“Starry Night Over the Rhône” 1888 Vincent van Gogh

I often think that the night is more alive

and more richly colored than the day.

– Vincent van Gogh

The International Commission on Illumination — is devoted to worldwide cooperation and the exchange of information on all matters relating to the science and art of light and lighting, colour and vision, photobiology and image technology. The landing page for its standards setting enterprise is linked below:

International Standards

With strong technical, scientific and cultural foundations, the CIE is an independent, non-profit organization that serves member countries on a voluntary basis. Since its inception in 1913, the CIE has become a professional organization and has been accepted as representing the best authority on the subject and as such is recognized by ISO as an international standardization body.

Illumination technologies influence designs in architectural design, public safety and energy economics in all education communities. We find CIE titles referenced in ISO and IEC standards. Because ISO and IEC standards are incorporated by referenced in the best practice literature published by standards setting organizations in every nation with a private standards setting body (such as ANSI, BSI, DIN, etc.) the CIE titles are worthy of our attention.

We only have resources to track a few of them:

ISO/CIE 20086:2019(E) Light and Lighting — Energy Performance of Lighting in Buildings

ISO 30061:2007(E)/CIE S 020/E:2007 Emergency Lighting

CIE S 015/E:2005 Lighting of outdoor work places

ISO 8995-1:2002(E)/CIE S 008/E:2001 Lighting of Work Places – Part 1: Indoor

There are others that we may track in the fullness of time. Getting illumination technology right is subtle art. The energy to drive normal, steady-state illumination usually consumes 25 to 40 percent of building energy but application of the art — which includes control — can reduce that.

We maintain CIE titles on our periodic Energy, Global, Interiors and Illumination colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Yorkshire Dales

The "Dark Ages" produced the most divine vessels of light ever built.

Sainte-Chapelle:pic.twitter.com/B2lPLtWEVx

— Culture Critic (@Culture_Crit) February 12, 2024

LEARN MORE:

Workspace / Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage

Smart Grid Blockchains

“Groningen 1565” / Georg Braun en Frans Hogenberg

Changing power: Shifting the role of electricity consumers with blockchain technology – Policy implications for EU electricity law

Lea Diestelmeier

Department of European and Economic Law and Groningen Centre of Energy Law

University of Groningen

One of the pressing legal questions of the energy transition is how to integrate “prosumers”, consumers who start producing electricity, in the electricity market. So far, their influence remains limited or fully absent because their role as independent market participants is barely or not facilitated as they are usually subject to regulated remuneration schemes. Blockchain technology offers changing the approach of “integration in the market” into “becoming the market” by enabling peer-to-peer transactions. Currently, transactions are facilitated by third parties, suppliers and system operators, whose main task is centrally compiling and coordinating information on loads and generation and contracting supply and distribution services. Instead, blockchain technology enables new ways of organising decentralised persons without the immediate need for one centrally connecting entity. This implies profound legal- and policy consequences. Based on information on first use cases of blockchain applications in the electricity sector, this article identifies those main policy implications for EU electricity law and thereby adds to the discussion how blockchain technology could facilitate “prosumers” to develop as independent market participants in the electricity sector from an energy law perspective.

Use Case: Julia Programming Language for Artificial Intelligence

Julia is a programming language that has gained popularity in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific computing for several reasons.

High Performance: Julia is designed to be a high-performance language, often compared to languages like C and Fortran. It achieves this performance through just-in-time (JIT) compilation, allowing it to execute code at speeds close to statically compiled languages. This makes Julia well-suited for computationally intensive AI tasks such as numerical simulations and deep learning.

Ease of Use: Julia is designed with a clean and expressive syntax that is easy to read and write. It feels similar to other high-level languages like Python, making it accessible to developers with a background in Python or other scripting languages.

Multiple Dispatch: Julia’s multiple dispatch system allows functions to be specialized on the types of all their arguments, leading to more generic and efficient code. This feature is particularly useful when dealing with complex data types and polymorphic behavior, which is common in AI and scientific computing.

Rich Ecosystem: Julia has a growing ecosystem of packages and libraries for AI and scientific computing. Libraries like Flux.jl for deep learning, MLJ.jl for machine learning, and DifferentialEquations.jl for solving differential equations make it a powerful choice for AI researchers and practitioners.

Interoperability: Julia offers excellent interoperability with other languages, such as Python, C, and Fortran. This means you can leverage existing code written in these languages and seamlessly integrate it into your Julia AI projects.

Open Source: Julia is an open-source language, which means it is freely available and has an active community of developers and users. This makes it easy to find resources, documentation, and community support for your AI projects.

Parallel and Distributed Computing: Julia has built-in support for parallel and distributed computing, making it well-suited for tasks that require scaling across multiple cores or distributed computing clusters. This is beneficial for large-scale AI projects and simulations.

Interactive Development: Julia’s REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) and notebook support make it an excellent choice for interactive data analysis and experimentation, which are common in AI research and development.

While Julia has many advantages for AI applications, it’s important to note that its popularity and ecosystem continue to grow, so some specialized AI libraries or tools may still be more mature in other languages like Python. Therefore, the choice of programming language should also consider the specific requirements and constraints of your AI project, as well as the availability of libraries and expertise in your development team.

We present a use case below:

Université Sorbonne Paris Nord

A Julia Module for Polynomial Optimization with Complex Variables applied to Optimal Power Flow

Julie Sliwak – Lucas Létocart | Université Sorbonne Paris Nord

Manuel Ruiz | RTE R&D, Paris La Défense

Miguel F. Anjos | University of Edinburgh

ABSTRACT. Many optimization problems in power transmission networks can be formulated as polynomial problems with complex variables. A polynomial optimization problem with complex variables consists in optimizing a real-valued polynomial whose variables and coefficients are complex numbers subject to some complex polynomial equality or inequality constraints. These problems are usually directly expressed with real variables. In this work, we propose a Julia module allowing the representation of polynomial problems in their original complex formulation. This module is applied to power system optimization and its generic design enables the description of several variants of power system problems. Results for the Optimal Power Flow in Alternating Current problem and for the Preventive-Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow problem are presented.

University of Edinburg

CLICK HERE to order complete paper

Clavier AZERTY

QWERTY: This is the most common keyboard layout used in English-speaking countries. The name “QWERTY” comes from the first six letters on the top row of keys. This layout was originally designed to prevent typewriter keys from jamming by placing commonly used keys further apart.

AZERTY: This is a keyboard layout used primarily in French-speaking countries. The letters are arranged differently from QWERTY, with the A and Z keys switched, and some additional special characters included.

QWERTZ: This is a keyboard layout used primarily in German-speaking countries. It is similar to QWERTY, but with some letters rearranged and some additional special characters included.

Dvorak Simplified Keyboard: This is an alternative keyboard layout designed to increase typing speed and efficiency. It places the most commonly used letters in the home row, and the least used letters on the outer edges of the keyboard.

Colemak: This is another alternative keyboard layout designed for increased typing efficiency. It also places the most commonly used letters in the home row, but has a slightly different arrangement than Dvorak.

Unicode: This is a standard for encoding characters from a wide range of writing systems, including Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic, and Chinese, among others. It allows for the input and display of text in multiple languages and scripts on the same keyboard.

Building Electrical Wiring Based on Microsystem Criteria

Electrical Distribution Systems Based on Microsystem Criteria

Giuseppe Parise & Luigi Parise

Civil and Industrial Engineering Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

James R. Harvey & Michael A. Anthony

University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

This paper deals with an innovative design strategy of building power systems by introducing criteria based on both the “installation approach” and the “operating approach” applying plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle. The In-Op design of the electrical power systems takes care of the worst cases of configurations, adequate gaps on load in selecting the rating of components, the actual mean losses to evaluate their energetic operation, and to avoid excessive gaps on the lifetime of components. With this aim, the authors suggest consideration of the thermal aging model of Arrhenius to review the actual gap on load in selecting the rating of components. In reference to IEC standards, this paper underlines in the circuits design the cable steady and transient current densities, the load current torque density as “natural” parameters that allow applying a thumb rule in the classic sizing of the cross-sectional area of circuit conductors. Microsystem criteria in power systems design allow structuring their configuration with components of smaller size to reduce radically the volume of circuit conductors with more sensitive results in the branch distribution. The authors suggest why not reconsider the series of commercial cross section areas of power cables.

This paper was presented at the IEEE Industrial Applications Society meetings in 2015 and is now available in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications ( Volume: 54 , Issue: 1 , Jan.-Feb. 2018 ). The authors revisit the first principles of conductor ampacities and conclude by asking a question: What Innovations Without Cultural Changes?

In the United States, and most of North America, the National Fire Protection Association has the largest platform, and the longest history in electrical power engineering for buildings. In other words: the conversation about electrical safety within buildings is informed by the perspective of fire safety professionals. In Europe, not so much. The inspiration for European electrical safety is found in a shock protection.

The IEEE effectively ceded administration of building electrical safety to the NFPA and spent decades providing the platform for leading practice discovery for electrical power generation and distribution outside buildings — i.e. public utilities. In retrospect this “division of labor” roughly follows the money flows to and from manufacturers and insurance companies.

The cultural question raised in the paper is reproduced, in part, below:

“…For an actual safety program, a comparative analysis of international electrical approaches on distribution systems will facilitate an understanding of their similarities and differences and will promote the design of new equipment of high efficiency like AM Transformers and new integrated common solutions, like a new series of commercial cross section areas of the power cables efficient for reducing conductors volume in balance with the costs….”

The inquiry in this paper revisits specific terms in the Arrhenius Equation.

We collaborate closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in European and American time zones. Risk managers, electrical safety inspectors, facility managers and others are welcomed to click into those teleconferences also. We expect that concepts and recommendations this paper will find their way into future revisions of US and international electrical safety codes and standards.

Issue: [19-129]

Category: Electrical, Facility Asset Management, Fire Safety, International

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Christel Hunter, Giuseppe Parise, Luigi Parise

Virtual Power Plant Data

Universitatea POLITEHNICA din București

Simulation Concept of a Virtual Power Plant Based on Real-Time Data Acquisition

Presented at 2019 54th International Universities Power Engineering Conference

David-Cătălin Urcan

University Politehnica, Bucharest, Romania

Dorin BicẶ

University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu-Mureç, Romania

Abstract: The paper presents a comprehensive survey on the virtual power plant (VPP) concept. The survey covers the virtual power plant definitions, components, frame work and highlights the different techniques that can be used for VPP operation optimization. At the end of the works will be presented a virtual power plant infrastructure available on a web interface where it will be possible to control a virtual micro-grid that has acquire data from virtual smart meters which provide several load profiles for load consumption and distributed generation points.

University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș