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Case Study: Inside The Safest School In America

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School Safety: Indiana

Indiana School Safety Hub

Reference Guide of Indiana Laws Related to School Safety

Standards Indiana

Illumination 400

IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee

NEC Section 226.6 Conductor Size and Support (B) Festoon Lighting

EC&M Article 225: Outside Branch Circuits

Electrical Time: Definition of Festoon Lighting

“Starry Night Over the Rhône” 1888 Vincent van Gogh

Today we refresh our understanding of the moment in illumination technologies for outdoor lighting systems— related but different from our exploration of building interior illumination systems in Illumination 200.  Later in 2024 we will roll out Illumination 400 (Holiday illumination) and Illumination 500 which explores litigation related to public illumination technology.  As cities-within-cities the shared perimeter of a campus with the host municipality has proven rich in legal controversy and action.

Illumination technology was the original inspiration for the electric utility industry; providing night-time security and transforming every sector of every economy on earth.  Lighting load remains the largest component of any building’s electric load — about 35 percent– making it a large target for energy regulations.

Our inquiry begins with selections from the following documents…

International Electrotechnical Commission TC 34 Lighting

IEC 60364 Electrical Installations in Buildings

2023 National Electrical Safety Code

IEEE P3001.9 – Recommended Practice for the Design of Power Systems Supplying Lighting Systems in Commercial and Industrial Facilities

Institution of Engineering and Technology: Recommendations for Energy-efficient Exterior Lighting Systems

2023 National Electrical Code: Article 410  (While the bulk of the NEC concerns indoor wiring fire hazards, there are passages that inform outdoor lighting wiring safety)

2019 ASHRAE 90.1: Chapter 9 Lighting

Illumination Engineering Society: Various titles

ISO/TC 274 Light and lighting

Salt Water River Project: Outdoor Lighting Standards

US DOE-EERE Building Energy Codes Program

…and about 20 other accredited, consortia or ad hoc standards developers and publishers aligned principally with vertical incumbents.  Illumination was the original inspiration (i.e. the first “killer app”) for the electrical power industry in every nation.  Its best practice literature reflects a fast-moving, shape-changing domain.

Click in today with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Upper Wharfedale Primary Federation School District Yorkshire Dales

McGill University: Before electricity, streets were filled with gas lights

Outdoor lighting systems can be owned and maintained by different entities depending on the context and location. Here are some examples of ownership regimes for outdoor lighting systems:

  1. Public ownership: In this case, outdoor lighting systems are owned and maintained by the local government or municipal authority. The lighting may be installed in public spaces such as parks, streets, and other outdoor areas for the safety and convenience of the public.
  2. Private ownership: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned by private individuals or organizations. For example, a business owner may install outdoor lighting for security or aesthetic reasons, or a homeowner may install outdoor lighting in their garden or yard.
  3. Co-owned: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned jointly by multiple entities. For example, a residential community may jointly own and maintain outdoor lighting in their shared spaces such as parking areas, community parks, or recreational facilities.
  4. Utility ownership: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned and maintained by utility companies such as electric or energy companies. These companies may install and maintain street lights or other lighting systems for the public good.
  5. Third-party ownership: In some cases, a third-party entity may own and maintain outdoor lighting systems on behalf of a public or private entity. For example, a lighting contractor may install and maintain lighting in a public park on behalf of a local government.

The ownership regime of an outdoor lighting system can have implications for issues such as installation, maintenance, and cost-sharing. It is important to consider ownership when designing and implementing outdoor lighting systems to ensure their long-term effectiveness and sustainability.

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International Commission on Illumination

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

National Electrical Contractors Association

Representative Specifications

Sam Houston State University | Division 26500 Interior and Exterior Lighting

University of Delaware | Division 265100 Interior Lighting

Cal Poly University San Luis Obispo | Division 265100 Interior Lighting

Relevant Research

Enhancing the Sustainability of Outdoor Floodlighting for Cultural Heritage Buildings

The Performance and Impact of LED Floodlights in an Outdoor Electrical Substation During Misty Weather Conditions

Replacement of HPS Luminaires with LED Luminaires for the Lighting Requirements of an Outdoor Electrical Substation

 

Illumination Art

“Starry Night Over the Rhône” 1888 Vincent van Gogh

 

I often think that the night is more alive

and more richly colored than the day.

– Vincent van Gogh

 

The International Commission on Illumination — is devoted to worldwide cooperation and the exchange of information on all matters relating to the science and art of light and lighting, colour and vision, photobiology and image technology.  The landing page for its standards setting enterprise is linked below:

International Standards

With strong technical, scientific and cultural foundations, the CIE is an independent, non-profit organization that serves member countries on a voluntary basis. Since its inception in 1913, the CIE has become a professional organization and has been accepted as representing the best authority on the subject and as such is recognized by ISO as an international standardization body.

Illumination technologies influence designs in architectural design, public safety and energy economics in all education communities.   We find CIE titles referenced in ISO and IEC standards.  Because ISO and IEC standards are incorporated by referenced in the best practice literature published by standards setting organizations in every nation with a private standards setting body (such as ANSI, BSI, DIN, etc.) the CIE titles are worthy of our attention.

We only have resources to track a few of them:

ISO/CIE 20086:2019(E) Light and Lighting — Energy Performance of Lighting in Buildings

ISO 30061:2007(E)/CIE S 020/E:2007 Emergency Lighting

CIE S 015/E:2005 Lighting of outdoor work places

ISO 8995-1:2002(E)/CIE S 008/E:2001 Lighting of Work Places – Part 1: Indoor

There are others that we may track in the fullness of time.  Getting illumination technology right is subtle art.  The energy to drive normal, steady-state illumination usually consumes 25 to 40 percent of building energy but application of the art — which includes control — can reduce that.

We maintain CIE titles on our periodic Energy, Global, Interiors and Illumination colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Yorkshire Dales

LEARN MORE:

Workspace / Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage

Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps

Best wiring safety practice for the illumination of educational settlement occupancies is scattered throughout the National Electrical Code with primary consideration for wiring fire safety:

  • Article 410 – Covers the installation of luminaires (fixtures), lampholders, and lamps, including requirements for wiring, grounding, and support.
  • Article 210 – Covers branch circuit requirements, including those for lighting circuits in dwellings and commercial buildings.
  • Article 220 – Provides guidelines for calculating lighting loads.
  • Article 225 – Addresses outside lighting installations.
  • Article 240 – Covers overcurrent protection for lighting circuits.
  • Article 250 – Deals with grounding and bonding, which is essential for lighting circuits.
  • Article 300 – Covers general wiring methods that apply to lighting circuits.

We have done a fair amount of work on this topic over the years, including writing the chapter on campus outdoor lighting for the soon-to-be-released IEEE 3001.9 Recommended Practice for the Design of Power Systems Supplying Lighting Systems in Commercial and Industrial Facilities.   

For our meeting please refer to the workspace we have set up for the 2026 Revision of the NEC:

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

We will pick through specifics in the transcripts of Code Making Panels 10 and 18.

 

International Building Code: Chapter 12 Section 1204 Lighting

Nighttime Walk

University of California Davis Facilities Management

 

Guide to California Lighting Regulations: Title 20

Readings:

UC Davis Adaptive Controls for Exterior Lighting

Roast Goose

Washington State University Net Position Increase of $162M | $1.452B revenue over $1.290B expenses  

Dinner recipe for Advent Sundays from the School of Hospitality Business Management at WSU’s Carson College of Business.  Executive Chef Jamie Callison developed the recipe for Washington State Magazine’s November 2019 issue. He was assisted by Chef de Cuisine Jason Butcherite and Student Culinary Lead Justin Walker.  Recipe features local honey and seasoning.

Dahlgren Hall & “Seasoned” Coffee Mug Stories

Named after Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, an influential figure in the development of naval ordnance.  Its large, open space was ideal for indoor drills and military exercises. The hall was constructed between 1899 and 1903. Its design was overseen by Ernest Flagg, a prominent architect who designed several buildings at the Naval Academy. Today it houses the Drydock Restaurant, a gathering place for midshipmen, faculty, and visitors.

Named after Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren (1809-1870) an influential figure in the development of naval ordnance during the United States Civil War.  It  served as an armory and drill hall for midshipmen. Its open space was ideal for indoor drills and military exercises.

The hall was constructed between 1899 and 1903. Its design was overseen by Ernest Flagg, a prominent architect who designed several buildings at the Naval Academy.  Today it houses the Drydock Restaurant, a gathering place for midshipmen, faculty, and visitors.

“How to Achieve the Ultimate Filthy Navy Coffee Mug”

Military

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act

ROTC

Meals-Ready-to-Eat

“Eternal Father, Strong to Save”

LIVE: KRUA 88.1 FM

Standards Michigan: Radio

University of Alaska Anchorage Facilities and Campus Services

Federal Communications Commission: Low Power FM Radio

Fish and Chips and the British Working Class

“Fish and Chips” | Fred Laidler (1918–1988)

Fish and Chips and the British Working Class, 1870-1930

“Fish and chips was in many ways the pioneer fast-food industry.  It became an essential component of working-class diet and popular culture in parts of London, and over wide areas of industrial midland and northern England and southern Scotland, in the early decades of the twentieth century…I propose to argue that the fish and chip trade was not only important enough in itself to justify sustained historical analysis, but also that it provides a useful vantage point for examining important changes in British society more generally.”

— John Walken, 1998, Journal of Social History

Farmer’s Dinner Theatre

Cooperative Extension Service

“Kentucky Landscape” 1832 James Pierce Barton

This project was created a few years ago in Kentucky to bring awareness to farm safety  through a dinner theatre is continuing to gain momentum in rural communities. The focus now is more on farm mental health and wellness. 

https://youtu.be/ztDxdsWW4q0?si=qaQ6OTpKSSP2mMY3

Standards Kentucky

Morrill Land Grant Act

This program has been adopted or implemented by extension services and related organizations in several other states. This initiative uses short plays performed during a community dinner to educate farmers and their families on health, safety, mental health, and farm-related issues in an engaging, non-traditional way:

  • Nebraska — Cooperative Extension services have hosted events as part of the program’s expansion.
  • North Carolina — The program is active through local extension efforts.
  • Tennessee — Events have been held, often in collaboration with extension agents.
  • Virginia — Particularly notable in the Shenandoah Valley, where Virginia Cooperative Extension offices (e.g., in Rockingham County) partnered with local groups like Valley Urgent Care and Future Farmers of America (FFA) chapters to organize Farm Safety Dinner Theaters, adapting the UK model for community-based participatory approaches.

The program is designed to be replicable nationwide. The University of Kentucky provides an online Farmers Dinner Theater Toolkit for any cooperative extension service, community group, or organization to stage their own events, customizing scripts to local needs. This has enabled wider adoption beyond the original sites. These efforts focus on helping farmers by addressing critical topics like injury prevention, hearing loss, skin cancer, stress, and suicide awareness in a social, farmer-friendly setting that encourages discussion and behavior change.

 

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Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA

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