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“My Boss”

Chuka University

Stray Voltage: Sources and Solutions

Michigan State University

 

Stray Voltage: Sources and Solutions

Truman C. Surbrook – Norman D. Reese – Angela M. Kehrle

 

Abstract.  Stray voltage is caused by voltage drop and ground faults and may have its origin on the primary electrical distribution system or on the customer’s secondary electrical system. The rms value of the neutral-to-earth voltage along a primary distribution line may be at a value of zero some distance from the substation depending on the condition of the conductor resistances, grounding resistances, and the amount of load. Neutral-to-earth resistance is not the cause of stray voltage; however, the value of this resistance to earth at a particular location will affect the level of stray voltage. A four-wire single-phase feeder system supplying farm buildings from a single metering point is effective in preventing on-farm secondary neutral voltage drop, provided the four-wire system is extended to all farm loads, and provided no high-magnitude ground faults are present. Isolation of the primary and secondary neutral systems at the distribution transformer is effective in preventing off-farm sources from entering the customer’s system. This separation may be accomplished using a number of commercially available devices.

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Keeping Animals Cool

Heat Stress Resources

Managing Feedlot Heat Stress

Standards Nebraska

Animal Welfare Codes

Capra hircus

Goat farming is an important source of livelihood for many small-scale farmers in developing countries, particularly in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The FAO estimates that more than 90% of the world’s goats are raised in developing countries, where they provide a critical source of food and income for rural communities.

Overall, the global goat farming industry continues to grow, driven by increasing demand for goat meat and milk products, as well as the potential for sustainable agriculture practices.

Advantages:

Low start-up costs: Goat farming requires relatively low start-up costs compared to other types of agriculture. Goats are small animals that do not require much space, and they can be raised in a variety of environments, from small backyard farms to large commercial operations.

High productivity: Goats are known for their high reproductive rate, which allows farmers to increase their herd size quickly. They are also efficient at converting food into milk and meat, making them a profitable investment for farmers.

Multiple uses: Goats can be raised for meat, milk, and fiber, making them a versatile livestock option. Additionally, their manure can be used as fertilizer, and they can be used for weed control on farms and other properties.

Sustainable farming: Goat farming can be a sustainable agricultural practice, as goats do not require large amounts of feed or water, and they can be raised on marginal lands that are unsuitable for other types of agriculture.

Disadvantages:

Predation: Goats are vulnerable to predation by coyotes, dogs, and other predators, which can be a significant problem for farmers, especially in rural areas.

Disease susceptibility: Goats are susceptible to a variety of diseases, some of which can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Additionally, some diseases can be transmitted to humans, making it important for farmers to take precautions when handling their animals.

Market volatility: The demand for goat products can be volatile, and prices can fluctuate significantly based on supply and demand. This can make it challenging for farmers to predict their income and manage their finances.

Labor intensive: Goat farming can be labor-intensive, especially during kidding and milking seasons. This can make it difficult for farmers to manage their workload, especially if they have a large herd.

Girl with a Goat | Benton County Arkansas

 

Animal Safety

George M Humphrey Equestrian Center ($7M, 2004)

Standards Pennsylvania

Equestrian competitions are governed by a variety of standards and regulations that ensure fairness, safety, and consistency. Here are some of the key standards that apply to different types of equestrian competition:

General Standards

  1. Equine Welfare: Ensuring the health and well-being of horses is a priority. This includes regular veterinary checks, proper nutrition, and humane treatment.
  2. Safety: Regulations are in place to protect both riders and horses. This includes wearing appropriate safety gear, such as helmets and body protectors.
  3. Fair Competition: Rules are established to ensure fair play, including regulations about equipment, attire, and conduct.

Dressage

  1. Test Protocols: Riders perform predefined movements and patterns. The tests are scored based on accuracy, smoothness, and the horse’s response.
  2. Judging Criteria: Judges assess the horse’s gaits, submission, and overall harmony between horse and rider.
  3. Scoring System: A numerical scoring system is used, with each movement receiving a score that contributes to the overall total.

Show Jumping

  1. Course Design: Courses are designed with a specific number and type of jumps, including verticals, spreads, and combinations.
  2. Time and Faults: Riders are judged on their ability to complete the course without knocking down rails (faults) and within the allotted time.
  3. Penalty System: Points are deducted for faults, such as refusals, knockdowns, or exceeding time limits.

Eventing

  1. Three Phases: Eventing includes dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. Each phase is scored separately, and the cumulative score determines the overall standings.
  2. Cross-Country: Riders must navigate a course with natural obstacles and fences, with penalties for refusals or exceeding the time limit.
  3. Safety and Endurance: Emphasis is placed on the horse’s fitness and the rider’s ability to manage both speed and stamina.

Driving

  1. Turnout Standards: Horses and carriages must meet specific standards for appearance and condition.
  2. Dressage Phase: Similar to dressage in riding, this phase includes a test of precision and obedience.
  3. Marathon Phase: This phase involves navigating a course with obstacles, testing endurance and driving skill.
  4. Cones Phase: Drivers must maneuver through a series of cones without knocking them over, demonstrating accuracy and control.

Western Riding

  1. Reining: Riders perform a pattern of circles, spins, and stops, judged on smoothness, precision, and control.
  2. Cutting: The rider must separate a cow from a herd and work it independently within a set time, demonstrating the horse’s responsiveness and agility.
  3. Roping: Includes events like team roping and calf roping, where riders demonstrate their roping skills and coordination with the horse.

Endurance

  1. Distance and Terrain: Races cover long distances over varied terrain, requiring both horse and rider to demonstrate stamina and navigational skills.
  2. Vet Checks: Regular veterinary inspections ensure the horse’s health throughout the event.
  3. Pace and Recovery: Riders must manage their horse’s pace and recovery times to complete the course successfully.

Standards Michigan Category: Animal Safety

Jeux olympiques de Paris 1900

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Morning Dog Walk

Walking the Dog
— Billy Collins

Two universes mosey down the street
Connected by love and a leash and nothing else.
Mostly I look at lamplight through the leaves
While he mooches along with tail up and snout down,
Getting a secret knowledge through the nose
Almost entirely hidden from my sight.

We stand while he’s enraptured by a bush
Till I can’t stand our standing any longer
And haul on the leash to bring him away.
He lives in the moment, which is good for him,
But when I see a stone wall, I think of Greece,
The sort of place he’d have a lot to say about—
The sniffable pots and broken statues,
The seas, the Ionic evenings all in a row.
But he just gives a yelp and comes running over
To smell my palm, and what can I do but
Smile and bend down to give him a hello?

 




York University Facilities Services

Rewind: Animals 100

Working Dogs

Animals 300

Standards Wyoming

Learning from the Wild Things

Animals 300

Krían í vanda

Iceland

 

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