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Interdependent Water & Electricity Networks

Joint Operation Optimization of the Interdependent Water and Electricity Networks

Mohannad Alhazmi – Payman Dehghanian – Mostafa Nazemi

George Washington University

Massimo Mitolo

The Irvine Valley College

 

Abstract:  With the rapid deployment of smart technologies and the growing complexity in our modern society, there is a huge demand for coordination in day-to-day operation of the critical infrastructure networks. The coordination between water and electricity networks particularly stands out and is urgently demanding as (i) water system is one of the most energy-intensive critical infrastructure, and (ii) water unavailability, if experienced, swiftly translates into a health, safety, and national security concern. This paper proposes a comprehensive day-ahead optimization framework for joint operation of the interdependent power and water systems. Different from the conventional paradigms where the power and water systems are independently and individually operated by their respective operators, the proposed optimization framework integrates the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) models in power grids with innovative models of the water distribution systems. The nonlinear hydraulic operating constraints in the proposed optimization models are linearized, resulting into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model formulation. The proposed framework is applied to three 15-node water distribution systems, operated within the IEEE 9-bus test system. The simulation results demonstrate a significant cost saving that will be achieved when the proposed approach is applied for joint operation of power and water networks.

Irvine Valley College California

 

CLICK HERE to order complete paper

2023 National Electrical Safety Code

 

 

Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures

Click image to access entire chapter.

Welcome to cdpACCESS

From our archive.  Once Group B is released in late 2022 the 2023/2024 Group A revision will begin.

Group A 2021 Model Building Codes

Internet of Water Things

 

Internet of Water Things: A Remote Raw Water Monitoring and Control System

Abílio C. Da Silva Júnior – Aloísio V. Lira Neto – Victor Hugo C. De Albuquerque
Universidade de Fortaleza
.
Roberto Munoz
Universidad de Valparaíso
.
María De Los Ángeles Quezada
Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana
.
Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
King Saud University
.

Abstract: The scarcity of the planet’s water resources is a concern of several international entities and governments. Smart solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining prominence with advances in communication technology. This work’s primary goal is to develop a new online system to monitor and manage water resources, called Internet of Water Things (IoWT). The proposed system’s objective would be to control and manage raw water resources. Thus, it has developed a platform based on the server-less architecture and Internet of Things Architectural Reference Model, in which it is applied in a simulation environment, considering several electronic devices to validate its performance. For this research, there is a system for capturing raw water from tubular wells. Each well has a level sensor, a temperature sensor and a rain gauge. The data is collected every minute by an electronic device and sent every hour to the IoWT system. From data analysis, the amount of memory allocated to functions minimally interferes with efficiency. The IoWT system, applied in a real case, consists of connecting a device installed in a water well to the platform, where the data is transmitted through a 3G network and then processed. Thus, the proposed approach has great potential to be considered a complementary tool in monitoring raw water and assisting in decision-making for the management of water resources.

CLICK HERE for Free Access to the complete paper

Water Management

Harvard University Art Museum | In the Sierras, Lake Tahoe | Albert Bierstadt

 

Best is water

— Pindar 476 B.C.

 

The American Water Works Association (AWWA) has an extensive catalog that sets the standard of care for water quality and piping systems running through all communities.

Download: Full List of AWWA/ANSI Standards

We approach them from the point of view of education communities; some with agriculture, vast hospital systems heavily dependent upon a higher level of water quality and district energy plants.  Like most every technology in the United States, water issues enliven political discourse.   Essential features of water supply — such as backflow protection, separation, piping systems to playground water fountains, etc. — are subordinated to fury over to access and tariff issues.   For the moment we steer away from them.

The landing page for the AWWA standardization enterprise is linked below:

Standard Notices

The original University of Michigan standards advocacy enterprise engaged in some back-and-forth with the backflow and cross-connection technical committees.   It found ambiguity in the language found in AWWA C510-C511-C512 covering reduced pressure zone (RPZ) values that caused some education facility units to over-specify RPZ valves for all facility classes.   Many research universities have enterprises that create toxic water waste which must be blocked from entering the municipal water supply.  Some of that back-and-forth is recounted in the workspace linked below.

We found that minimum requirements for backflow prevention technology was easier managed at state level plumbing safety administrative boards.

Several AWWA standards are now open for public review; AWWA G430 Security Practices for Operation and Management among them.  We point you toward them; though, in the interest of resource conservation, we will follow but not advocate user-interest in this product at the moment.  It appears to have stabilized compared with other standards in the water safety domain (though that could change).

Comments due August 9th.  

Ingham

We find AWWA best practice literature heavily referenced in school district, college and university design guidelines and construction contracts.   We do a status check of the AWWA suite every month during our Water teleconferences.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [11-57] [Various]

Category: Water, Plumbing, Mechanical

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Ron George, Richard Robben, Steve Snyder, Larry Spielvogel

 

Workspace / AWWA

LEARN MORE:

Students & Young Professionals

Legionellosis Risk Management

Image Credit: Lewis Laboratory University of Arkansas

 

The human mind evolved to believe in the gods.

It did not evolve to believe in biology.

— E.O. Wilson

 

 

The American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers  publishes two Legionella-related standards:

ASHRAE 188: Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems. 

ASHRAE 12:  Managing (Minimizing) the Risk of Legionellosis Associated With Building Water Systems  (Maintained continuously)

Legionella risk is a domain rich in possibilities for lawsuits so we should not be surprised that best practice titles in the ASHRAE suite — and other standards bibliographies — go unstable with new findings.  We encourage facility units in education communities to contribute data to technical committees and to participate directly.  you may access titles open for public comment at the link below:

ASHRAE Public Review Draft Standards

ASHRAE runs one of the best public consultation facilities in the United States.  Its titles appear in most of our daily colloquia; this one best practice titles are on the standing agendas of our Energy, Mechanical, Water 200/Water 400 and Risk colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

 

Columbia University

Issue: 12-42

Category: Mechanical Engineering, Occupational Health & Safety, Water

Colleagues: Richard Robben, Ron George, Larry Spielvogel

Efficient Use of Water in Buildings

ARCHIVE / ASHRAE 188 Legionella

 

 

Water 400

“A flood is nature’s way of telling you

that you live in the wrong place.”

— Some guy

 

Water standards make up a large catalog and it will take most of 2023 to untangle the titles, the topics, proposals, rebuttals and resolutions.  When you read our claim that since 1993 we have created a new academic discipline we would present the best practice literature of the world’s water standards as just one example.

During the Water 200 session we reckon with best practices inside buildings.  During the Water 400 session will run through water management outside buildings, including interface with regional water management systems.

Water safety and sustainability standards have been on the Standards Michigan agenda since the early 2000’s.  Some of the concepts we have tracked over the years; and contributed data, comments and proposals to technical committees, are listed below:

Water 400

  1. University-Municipal piping system demarcation
  2. Decorative fountains.
  3. Backflow prevention/Cross-connect systems
  4. Security of district energy power plant and hospital water supply
  5. Electrical shock protection in pools, fountains, spas and waterfront recreational docking facilities
  6. Rainwater catchment
  7. Water in extreme weather events
  8. Flood abatement systems
  9. Water Re-use
  10. District energy water treatment
  11. Greywater
  12. NSF International Water Standards Portfolio
  13. Navigating Electrical Safety Through Marina Waters

Water 200

  1. Legionella mitigation
  2. Swimming pool water quality
  3. Fire protection sprinkler water availability and safety
    – NFPA 70 Article 695 Fire Pumps
  4. Building plumbing codes (ICC and IAPMO)
  5. Water Re-use
  6. Water heaters
  7. Food service steam tables
  8.  Residence hall potable water systems
  9. Water use in emergency shower and eyewash installations
  10. Decorative fountains.
  11. Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems

 

Since 2016 we have tracked other water-related issues:

  1. Safe water in playgrounds
  2. National Seagrant College programs
  3. Guide to Infection Control in the Healthcare Setting
  4. Electrical safety around water (cooling towers, swimming pools, spas)
  5. ASTM Water Testing Standards
  6. ASTM Standard for Water Distribution
  7. Electricity and Water Conservation on College and University Campuses in Response to National Competitions among Dormitories: Quantifying Relationships between Behavior, Conservation Strategies and Psychological Metrics

Relevant federal legislation:

  1. Clean Water Act
  2. Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems
  3. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  4. Safe Drinking Water Act

Send bella@standardsmichigan.com an email to request a more detailed advance agenda.   To join the conversation use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

More

IAPMO Publishes U.S., Canadian Standard for Detection, Monitoring, Control of Plumbing Systems

Standing Agenda / Water

Natatoriums 300: Advanced Topics

More

Solitude Lake Management for Universities and Colleges

Rain & Lightning

Backflow Prevention

This topic is in the process of being re-organized.  We present the relevant literature for now.  See our CALENDAR for the break out session later in 2023.

4th Edition IAPMO Backflow Prevention Reference Manual

AWWA STANDARD FOR BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 

Wisconsin Administrative Code SPS § SPS 382.41

Water 500

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Laundry

The New School | New York City

Washers and Dryers

Consumer Product Testing and Certification FAQs

More

United States Consumer Product Safety Commission: Clothes Dryers

Design of Public Self-service Laundry System in College Dormitory

Highpoint University | Guilford County North Carolina

Prospect of Solar-assisted Heat Pump Water Heating Systems for Student Residences

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