Quantum Computing

We begin with the action among the experts in the organizations listed below:

1. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):
   • NIST’s Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization: NIST is working on standardizing cryptographic algorithms that are secure against quantum attacks. The goal is to ensure that data remains secure even with the advent of quantum computers. This involves selecting algorithms through an open competition, which began in 2016, and is still ongoing.
   • Quantum Information Program: NIST conducts research and develops standards related to quantum information science, including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology.
2. Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C):
   • Formed as part of the National Quantum Initiative Act, QED-C aims to enable and grow the quantum industry in the U.S. It involves various stakeholders, including industry, academic institutions, and government agencies, working together to identify and address standards and other needs to foster a robust quantum ecosystem.
3. National Quantum Initiative (NQI):
   • Established by the National Quantum Initiative Act in 2018, NQI coordinates efforts across multiple agencies, including NIST, the Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF), to advance quantum information science. This includes the development of standards, infrastructure, and research to support quantum technologies.
4. International Standards:
   • While primarily international, organizations like the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have working groups focusing on quantum technologies. U.S. participation in these groups helps ensure that global standards align with U.S. interests and priorities.
5. Federal Agencies and Research Programs:
   • The DOE, NSF, and other federal agencies fund research and development in quantum computing, which often includes aspects related to standards and best practices. For example, the DOE’s Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers and NSF’s Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes.
6. Industry-Led Initiatives:
   • Several industry consortia and companies are actively involved in developing quantum computing standards. Organizations like the IEEE have working groups focused on quantum computing and quantum communications standards.

Overall, the U.S. approach to quantum computing standards is multifaceted, involving federal agencies, industry consortia, academic research, and participation in international standard-setting bodies.