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Designing, Installing, Operating, and Maintaining Microgrids
Leyden Jar electric energy storage; and early form of a microgrid. CLICK ON IMAGE for more information
The National Electrical Contractors Association develops a suite of consensus standards titled National Electrical Installation Standards (NEIS) that meet the intent of the National Electrical Code (NEC); particularly where the NEC asserts that an installation be constructed in a “neat and workmanlike manner”. The scope of the original undertaking, begun in the early 1990’s with University of Michigan as an early adopter, has since expanded into operation and maintenance standards; and more recently into design, installation, operating and maintaining integrated systems such as microgrids*.
Some electrotechnology professionals struggle with the notion of a “microgrid” — a trendy term of art for an integrated system of interactive and distributed power sources that many large research universities have had for decades in their district energy plant. There are some noteworthy operational differences, however; as a trend toward local power storage accelerates and education facility leaders are under pressure to prove the they have a Smart Grid (even if they already have one). None of the #SmartCampus conceptions for expansion of microgrids into individual buildings, or regions on campuses, will ever pay for themselves we cannot operate and maintain many of them economically (when set against the operational economics of the electrical supply delivered by the university district energy plant). The university-affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery campus may be a proof-point, however.
The NECA documents are used by construction owners, specifiers, contractors and electricians to clearly illustrate the performance and workmanship standards essential for different types of electrical construction. Because the NEC is intended to be primarily a wiring safety standard, the NEIS suite is referenced throughout the National Electrical Code. Electrical shop foremen and front line electricians take note.
Recommended Practice for Designing, Installing, Operating, and Maintaining Microgrids (Redline)
You may obtain an electronic copy from [email protected]. Send comments to Aga Golriz, (301) 215-4549, [email protected] with a copy of your comments [email protected]. Because the proposed change is relatively minor editorial/grammatical change, we will not comment on it but encourage other user-interests in the education facilities industry (electric shops, engineering managers, etc.) to at least become familiar with the NECA suite of standards and to incorporate them by reference into their standard practice guides for electrical trades.
NECA Standards and Publication Development Home Page
Our door is open every day at 11 AM for consultation on this and other standards. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page. Additionally, we will refer this to the IEEE Education & Healthcare Committee, which is a subcommittee in the IEEE Industrial Applications Society which follows — and leads — the development of the emergent #SmartCampus. That committee meets online 4 times monthly in European and American time zones. See the IEEE E&H Calendar for date, time and login credentials.
Click on image
Issue:
Category: Electrical, Energy
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Van Wagner
LEARN MORE:
NEIS Open Review: Fourth Ballot
NECA SMART GRID: INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ASPECTS FOR ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS
US DOE: Smart Grid Demonstration Program
IEEE Standards Association: Microgrids: Back to the Future
*Most seasoned electrical power professionals recognize that many large research universities with district energy systems that generate in parallel with a public utility have, for decades, operated with all the essential characteristics of a microgrid (save for the political “buzz”). On-site power storage for telecommunication and mission critical facilities have been in place for decades; so has back up on-site generation. Scaling these known sources to provide normal power to a single building, or groups of buildings, is an essential difference, however. Electrical engineering expertise and judgement is needed to determine the optimal balance between a smart distributed resource (such as a microgrid) and a central resource from an existing district energy system. An array of microgrids on a large research university campus will have a cost associated with of installing, operating and maintaining them.
Kahn Health Care Pavilion
Our tenure in the 2026 National Electrical Code will result in at least a 10 percent reduction in the cost of building premise wiring — (mostly in the feeder power chain) — in healthcare facilities; based on the results of last month’s meeting of Code Making Panel 15.
Assuming electrical power infrastructure is 15 percent of in a $920 million facility like this (excluding interior moveable fixtures), that would have meant an approximate $14 million reduction in cost. That cost savings cannot be realized because it was designed to an earlier version of the National Electrical Code.
Related:
New University of Michigan hospital to be named after philanthropists D. Dan and Betty Kahn
$920M Michigan Medicine tower tops out, targets 2025 opening
Joint Use of Electric Power Transmission & Distribution Facilities and Equipment
Telephone, telegraph, and power lines over the streets of New York City 1888
Guide for the Joint Use of Electric Power Transmission & Distribution Facilities and Equipment
Abstract: This guide identifies the mechanisms and an analytic approach for developing consistent rules, agreements, and/or methodologies for the evaluation and inter-entity cooperation managing pole attachments on utility infrastructure that can contain both electric supply as well as communications wireline and wireless facilities.
The common safety codes and accepted good industry practices for joint use are referenced, including items such as clearances and strength/loading requirements, appropriate work rules during installation, maintenance and restoration, and general guidelines. The considerations within this guide can be used to help perform a detailed assessment of attachment installations where communications antennas and related wireline and wireless equipment are to be co-located on joint use structures.
Scope: This guide provides recommendations for the development of consistent guides, agreements, and/or methodologies for the evaluation and inter-company cooperation on managing pole attachments on Electric Utility infrastructure.
Purpose: The Joint Use Guide documents consistent approaches, methodologies and rules for the sharing and co-location of equipment with electric Transmission & Distribution (T&D) facilities for communications such as antennae and/or cable. With the emergence of new communications networks and emerging technologies which depend on widely distributed communications {e.g. 5G and Internet of Things ( IoT)}, the needs of vertical real-estate for use in communications is expected to dramatically increase in the coming years. While electric T&D facilities provide an excellent platform to help meet these needs, there are significant safety and reliability issues associated with their use.
Related:
Shrove Tuesday
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Illumination 100
Replacing oil and natural gas lighting, the first practical electric light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879. Joseph W. Swan filed a similar Electric Lamp Patent in 1880. One of the first large-scale installations of electric lighting was at the Savoy Theatre in London in 1881, which was followed by the installation of electric lights in the Palace of Westminster in 1882. By the 1890s, electric lighting had become more widespread and affordable.
| Opticks: or, A treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflexions and colours of light | Sir Isaac Newton 1704 |
The widespread transition to LED lighting in buildings began in the early 2010s. While LED technology had been available since the 1960s, it wasn’t until the 2000s that the technology improved to the point where LED lighting was cost-effective and efficient enough to replace traditional lighting technologies like incandescent and fluorescent lighting. In addition to their energy efficiency, LED lights also have a longer lifespan than traditional lighting technologies, which makes them more cost-effective over the long term.
Today we refresh our understanding of the moment in illumination technologies. Illumination technology was the original inspiration for the electric utility industry; providing night-time security and transforming every sector of every economy on earth. Lighting load remains the largest component of any building’s electric load — about 35 percent– making it a large target for energy regulations. We are organizing our approach to this topic during 2023:
Illumination 100. Survey of illumination standards catalogs
Illumination 200. Interior illumination including industrial and laboratory occupancies
Illumination 300. Exterior illumination with emphasis on pathways
Illumination 400. Sport lighting, interior and exterior
Illumination 500. Advanced topics including relevant legislation and litigation.
Except jankiness for most of 2023. We have been doing this work since 1993 — starting with the National Electrical Code — and getting the topic organized into manageable segments will be a challenge.
Today our inquiry begins with selections from the following documents:
International Electrotechnical Commission TC 34 Lighting
IEC 60364 Electrical Installations in Buildings
Electrical installations and Protection Against Electric Shock
2023 National Electrical Safety Code
IEEE P3001.9 – Recommended Practice for the Design of Power Systems Supplying Lighting Systems in Commercial and Industrial Facilities (under development)
2023 National Electrical Code: Article 410
2019 ASHRAE 90.1: Chapter 9 Lighting
Illumination Engineering Society: Various titles
…and about 20 other accredited, consortia or ad hoc standards developers and publishers aligned principally with vertical incumbents. Illumination was the original inspiration (i.e. the first “killer app”) for the electrical power industry in every nation. Its best practice literature reflects a fast-moving, shape-changing domain.
Click in today with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Upper Wharfedale Primary Federation School District Yorkshire Dales
With a @UCIrvine @UCIEngineering faculty delegation to the @PacificSymphony to discuss our joint new instrument competition. The details are still being worked out but needless to say, it will be epic! pic.twitter.com/dvT4Mfp9xU
— UCI Engineering Dean (@UCIEngineerDean) September 25, 2023
More
International Commission on Illumination
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Lighting Systems Division Standards
National Electrical Contractors Association
Standard for Installing Indoor Commercial Lighting Systems (NECA500-06PDF)
Standard for Installing Exterior Lighting Systems (NECA501-06PDF)
Standard for Installing Industrial Lighting Systems (NECA502-06PDF)
Representative Specifications
Sam Houston State University | Division 26500 Interior and Exterior Lighting
University of Delaware | Division 265100 Interior Lighting
Cal Poly University San Luis Obispo | Division 265100 Interior Lighting
Law on the State of Emergency
“A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor.”
— Franklin D. Roosevelt
University of Melbourne Estate Plan
The criteria and process for declaring a state of emergency can vary depending on the country and its legal framework. However, governments generally consider certain factors and criteria when making such declarations. Here are some common elements that governments use to determine whether to declare a state of emergency:
- Imminent Threat: Governments typically declare a state of emergency when there is an imminent threat to public safety or the normal functioning of society. This could include natural disasters (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), severe public health emergencies (like pandemics), acts of terrorism, civil unrest, or other situations that pose a significant risk.
- Scale and Severity: The scale and severity of the situation play a crucial role in declaring a state of emergency. Governments assess whether the event or circumstances are beyond the capacity of regular governmental and emergency response systems to effectively manage and mitigate the impact.
- Public Safety and Welfare: Governments consider the potential impact on public safety, welfare, and infrastructure. If the situation poses a substantial risk to lives, property, critical infrastructure, or essential services, it may warrant a declaration of a state of emergency.
- Legal Framework: Countries typically have legal frameworks in place that outline the conditions and procedures for declaring a state of emergency. Governments assess whether the situation meets the legal requirements and conditions specified in these frameworks.
- Proportionality: The principle of proportionality is often considered, ensuring that the measures taken during the state of emergency are proportional to the threat or situation at hand. Governments aim to strike a balance between protecting public safety and minimizing unnecessary disruption to individual rights and liberties.
- Expert Advice and Recommendations: Governments rely on expert advice and recommendations from relevant authorities, such as emergency management agencies, health organizations, and security agencies, to assess the situation and determine the need for a state of emergency.
It’s important to note that the specific criteria and procedures for declaring a state of emergency can vary significantly between countries. The legal provisions and powers granted to the government during a state of emergency also vary, including the duration, scope of authority, and measures that can be implemented. It’s advisable to consult the specific laws and regulations of the country in question to understand the precise criteria and process involved in declaring a state of emergency.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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