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Fast & Ultra-Fast Charging for Battery Electric Vehicles

IEC Sustainable mobility systems

IEEE Spectrum | 4 December 2022

Fast and Ultra-Fast Charging for Battery Electric Vehicles – A Review

Camilo Suarez – Wilmar Martinez
Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven — EnergyVille, Belgium
Ω
Abstract: This paper intends to establish an overall up-to-date review on Fast Charging methods for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). This study starts from basic concepts involving single battery cell charging, current and future charging standards. Then, some popular power converter topologies employed for this application are introduced, and finally a summary of the industrial solutions available on the market are presented, as well as the ongoing projects related to the extreme fast charging (XFC) network expansion. Practical insights, considering the current BEV scenario, are employed to get a better understanding of this topic. Special attention is given to the modular design approach, analyzing its advantages and some of the factors that influence the number and size of modules that conform a fast charger solution.
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Personal e-Transporters

Flicker Characterization of Energy Saving Lamps

 

Photometric Flicker Characterization Study on Energy Saving Lamps Under Wide Variation Voltage AC Network

 

Rizally Priatmadja

PT PLN (Persero), Jl. Trunojoyo Blok M I/135 Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia

Pascal Dupuis

Kawantech S.A.S, 6 Rue Françoise d’Eaubonne, Toulouse, France

Ngapuli I. Sinisuka

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia

Georges Zissis

Université de Toulouse, Laplace, UMR 5213 (CNRS, INPT, UPS), 118 rte de Narbonne, Toulouse, France

 

Abstract:  With the advent of Solid State Lighting came a renewed interest in the study of flicker. Potential effects include brightness enhancement, but also discomfort, ocular fatigue, phantom and stroboscopic effects. Both IEEE and IEC developed new metrics, but at the time of writing no firm consensus has been reached. Yet previous lamp studies in the Laplace laboratory showed that various flicker phenomenon are present on different lamps, but this feature is not documented. This paper focus on flicker changes w.r.t. applied voltage. The Indonesian power grid network is indeed characterized by large voltage variations; our purpose is to detect which lamps may exhibit too elevated flicker levels during out of nominal excursion and map such behavior with other electrical characteristics.

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More

International Standardization Organization Technical Committee 274 Light and Lighting | Strategic Business Plan

Harmonic Impacts on the Electrical Distribution Network by the Broad Usage of LED Lamps

LED lighting — Reduce the power consumption and increase the users comfort

Variation of discharge parameters versus cold spot temperature in a 50 Hz AC operated fluorescent lamp

A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Decoding the US Senate Hearing on Oversight of AI: NLP Analysis in Python

 

Peeking Inside the Black-Box_ A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

IEEE Explore

Amina Adadi & Mohammed Berrada

Ben Abdellah University Morocco

 

ABSTRACT: At the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution, we are witnessing a fast and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in our daily life, which contributes to accelerating the shift towards a more algorithmic society. However, even with such unprecedented advancements, a key impediment to the use of AI-based systems is that they often lack transparency. Indeed, the black-box nature of these systems allows powerful predictions, but it cannot be directly explained. This issue has triggered a new debate on explainable AI (XAI). A research field holds substantial promise for improving trust and transparency of AI-based systems. It is recognized as the sine qua non for AI to continue making steady progress without disruption. This survey provides an entry point for interested researchers and practitioners to learn key aspects of the young and rapidly growing body of research related to XAI. Through the lens of the literature, we review the existing approaches regarding the topic, discuss trends surrounding its sphere, and present major research trajectories.

Sample of video coverage sorted by view count:

 

How Engineers are Strengthening the Electrical Power Grid

 

 

How does the electrical grid respond to a crisis?

If the power goes out after a thunderstorm, utility crews are on the job within hours to restore service and get the lights back on. Most electric utilities in the U.S. have a reputation for reliability and recovery from situations like this. It has been noticed as planners began thinking about increased natural disasters brought on by population migration patterns, manmade interference due to malicious cyber-attacks, and the instability brought about by adding large quantities of renewable energy.

At North Carolina State University, The Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDOM) Systems Engineering Research Center was created through funding from the National Science Foundation in 2008 to modernize the electrical grid to accommodate sustainable energy, such as wind and solar power. The Freedom Center has been involved in developing online tools for assessing vulnerabilities to address cyber-physical security called distributed grid intelligence. The hope is that smart microgrids with sensors embedded throughout the system might be more resilient to failure and easier to bring back online and large multi-state electric grids. But the emerging smart grid, together with distributed renewable energy such as rooftop solar, presents a new set of challenges to resilience. The Smart Grid involves more distributed energy down to the home level. That kind of penetration adds a level of vulnerability to a cyber threat. Engineers will certainly have to pay attention to that as the grid gets smarter.

Designing, Installing, Operating, and Maintaining Microgrids

Leyden Jar electric energy storage; and early form of a microgrid. CLICK ON IMAGE for more information

 

The National Electrical Contractors Association develops a suite of consensus standards titled National Electrical Installation Standards (NEIS) that meet the intent of the National Electrical Code (NEC); particularly where the NEC asserts that an installation be constructed in a “neat and workmanlike manner”.   The scope of the original undertaking, begun in the early 1990’s with University of Michigan as an early adopter, has since expanded into operation and maintenance standards; and more recently into design, installation, operating and maintaining integrated systems such as microgrids*.

Some electrotechnology professionals struggle with the notion of a “microgrid” — a trendy term of art for an integrated system of interactive and distributed power sources that many large research universities have had for decades in their district energy plant.  There are some noteworthy operational differences, however; as a trend toward local power storage accelerates and education facility leaders are under pressure to prove the they have a Smart Grid (even if they already have one).   None of the #SmartCampus conceptions for expansion of microgrids into individual buildings, or regions on campuses, will ever pay for themselves we cannot operate and maintain many of them economically (when set against the operational economics of the electrical supply delivered by the university district energy plant).  The university-affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery campus may be a proof-point, however.

The NECA documents are used by construction owners, specifiers, contractors and electricians to clearly illustrate the performance and workmanship standards essential for different types of electrical construction.  Because the NEC is intended to be primarily a wiring safety standard, the NEIS suite is referenced throughout the National Electrical Code.  Electrical shop foremen and front line electricians take note.

Recommended Practice for Designing, Installing, Operating, and Maintaining Microgrids (Redline)

You may obtain an electronic copy from neis@necanet.org.  Send comments to Aga Golriz, (301) 215-4549, Aga.golriz@necanet.org with a copy of your comments psa@ansi.org.   Because the proposed change is relatively minor editorial/grammatical change, we will not comment on it but encourage other user-interests in the education facilities industry (electric shops, engineering managers, etc.) to at least become familiar with the NECA suite of standards and to incorporate them by reference into their standard practice guides for electrical trades.

NECA Standards and Publication Development Home Page

Our door is open every day at 11 AM for consultation on this and other standards.   Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.  Additionally, we will refer this to the IEEE Education & Healthcare Committee, which is a subcommittee in the IEEE Industrial Applications Society which follows — and leads — the development of the emergent #SmartCampus.  That committee meets online 4 times monthly in European and American time zones.  See the IEEE E&H Calendar for date, time and login credentials.

Click on image

 

Issue:

Category: Electrical, Energy

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey,  Van Wagner

ARCHIVE / NECA 417 Microgrids


LEARN MORE:

NEIS Open Review: Fourth Ballot

NECA SMART GRID: INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ASPECTS FOR ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS

US DOE: Smart Grid Demonstration Program

NIST and the Smart Grid

IEEE: Utility and Other Energy Company Business Case Issues Related to Microgrids and Distributed Generation

IEEE Standards Association: Microgrids: Back to the Future

Standards Michigan Smart Campus Bibliography (A collection of case studies for the education and healthcare industry)

*Most seasoned electrical power professionals recognize that many large research universities with district energy systems that generate in parallel with a public utility have, for decades, operated with all the essential characteristics of a microgrid (save for the political “buzz”).   On-site power storage for telecommunication and mission critical facilities have been in place for decades; so has back up on-site generation.  Scaling these known sources to provide normal power to a single building, or groups of buildings, is an essential difference, however.   Electrical engineering expertise and judgement is needed to determine the optimal balance between a smart distributed resource (such as a microgrid) and a central resource from an existing district energy system.   An array of microgrids on a large research university campus will have a cost associated with of installing, operating and maintaining them.   

 

 

Kahn Health Care Pavilion

Our tenure in the 2026 National Electrical Code will result in at least a 10 percent reduction in the cost of building premise wiring — (mostly in the feeder power chain) — in healthcare facilities; based on the results of last month’s meeting of Code Making Panel 15.

Assuming electrical power infrastructure is 15 percent of in a $920 million facility like this (excluding interior moveable fixtures), that would have meant an approximate $14 million reduction in cost.  That cost savings cannot be realized because it was designed to an earlier version of the National Electrical Code.

Facilities and Operations

National Electrical Code CMP-15

Healthcare Facilities Code

Hospital Plug Load


Related:

New University of Michigan hospital to be named after philanthropists D. Dan and Betty Kahn

ORT America

$920M Michigan Medicine tower tops out, targets 2025 opening

 

Joint Use of Electric Power Transmission & Distribution Facilities and Equipment

Telephone, telegraph, and power lines over the streets of New York City 1888

 

Guide for the Joint Use of Electric Power Transmission & Distribution Facilities and Equipment

 

Abstract: This guide identifies the mechanisms and an analytic approach for developing consistent rules, agreements, and/or methodologies for the evaluation and inter-entity cooperation managing pole attachments on utility infrastructure that can contain both electric supply as well as communications wireline and wireless facilities.

The common safety codes and accepted good industry practices for joint use are referenced, including items such as clearances and strength/loading requirements, appropriate work rules during installation, maintenance and restoration, and general guidelines. The considerations within this guide can be used to help perform a detailed assessment of attachment installations where communications antennas and related wireline and wireless equipment are to be co-located on joint use structures.

Scope: This guide provides recommendations for the development of consistent guides, agreements, and/or methodologies for the evaluation and inter-company cooperation on managing pole attachments on Electric Utility infrastructure.

Purpose: The Joint Use Guide documents consistent approaches, methodologies and rules for the sharing and co-location of equipment with electric Transmission & Distribution (T&D) facilities for communications such as antennae and/or cable. With the emergence of new communications networks and emerging technologies which depend on widely distributed communications {e.g. 5G and Internet of Things ( IoT)}, the needs of vertical real-estate for use in communications is expected to dramatically increase in the coming years. While electric T&D facilities provide an excellent platform to help meet these needs, there are significant safety and reliability issues associated with their use.
Related:

2023 National Electrical Safety Code

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

Shrove Tuesday

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