Malmö universitet
Malmo University
Chalmers University of Technology
Abstract. The INTERO (interoperability) model helps organizations manage and improve interoperability among their large, evolving software systems. They can analyze a specific interoperability problem, conceive strategies to enhance interoperability, and reevaluate the problem to determine whether interoperability has improved.
Chalmers tekniska högskola
CLICK HERE to order complete article.
“Electric Production and Direction” 1933 / William Karp / Smithsonian American Art Museum
We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee in assisting the US Army Corps of Engineers in gathering power system data from education communities that will inform statistical solutions for enhancing power system reliability for the Homeland.
United States Army Corps Power Relability Enhancement Program Flyer No. 1
United States Army Corps Power Reliability Enhancement Program Flyer No. 2
We maintain status information about this project — and all projects that enhance the reliability of education community power reliability — on the standing agenda of our periodic Power, Risk and Security colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone
Issue: [19-156]
Category: Power, Data, Security
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Robert G. Arno, Mark Bunal, Jim Harvey, Jerry Jimenez, Paul Kempf. Richard Robben
Electrical building — World Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois 1892
The International Code Council bibliography of electrical safety practice incorporates titles published by the National Fire Protection Association which reference electrical safety science titles published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. The relevant section of the International Building Code is therefore relatively short:
2021 International Building Code: Chapter 27 Electrical
Note that Chapter 27 provides more guidance on managing the hazards created when electricity is absent*. Since the National Electrical Code is informed by a fire safety building premise wiring culture; absence of electricity is not as great a hazard as when building wiring systems are energized. (“So they say” — Mike Anthony, who thinks quite otherwise.)
2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
Code change submittals for the Group A tranche of titles will be received until January 8, 2024.
Although we collaborate most closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee (four times monthly in Europe and the Americas) we e encourage our colleagues in education communities everywhere to participate directly in the ICC Code Development process. CLICK HERE to set up an account.
It is enlightening — and a time saver — to unpack the transcripts of previous revisions of codes and standards to see what concepts were presented, what got discussed; what passed and what failed. We provide links to a few previous posts that track recent action in the ICC suite relevant to electrotechnologies:
The ICC suite of consensus products are relevant to almost all of our work; everyday. See our CALENDAR that reflects our Syllabus. Today we deal with electrical safety concepts because technical committees are meeting from November to January to write the 2023 National Electrical Code. CLICK HERE to follow the action in more detail.
* The original University of Michigan advocacy enterprise began pounding on National Electrical Code committees to install more power reliability concepts in the 2002 Edition with only modest success. Standards Michigan has since collaborated with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee to drive “absence-of-power-as-a-hazard” into the National Electrical Code; the 2023 now open for public consultation.
We have been following an international conversation on the safe and effective application of reconditioned electrical equipment (RCEE) for the better part of ten years now. Threads of the conversation originating in consensus documents developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission, the CSA Group, the National Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers (NEMA) and others. The safe and practical application of reconditioned electrical equipment — though not necessarily economical — is debated in detail in the National Electrical Code (NEC); a document in which we have advocated for the education facilities industry since 1993.
Not all electrical equipment is suitable for reconditioning but enough of it can such that specification of RCEE significantly lowers #TotalCostofOwnership for the $300 billion education facilities industry in the United States; the primary goal of Standards Michigan and its 50-state affiliates. According to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, the following RCEE is suitable:
The length of this list is a topic upon which good minds disagree; especially internationally. Whether or not the largest non-residential building construction market in the United States (with new construction running at a clip of $80 billion annually) takes advantage of developments in technology that help manufacturers effectively “re-cycle” the largest components of a building power chain is a discussion for another day. The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee drills down into details of this nature and is now soliciting comment on the proposed actions of IEEE SCC-18; the IEEE committee which, by charter, is aligned with user-interests in the US standards system. As we explain in our ABOUT, the general public — and even many industry insiders — are not aware of the economic consequences to all industries when regulatory products are written only by incumbent interests.
Suffice to say that even if the US education facilities industry does not apply RCEE to reduce the cost of a new building (by about 1 percent) its competitors internationally will and are.
The 2020 NEC is nearing the completion of its revision cycle. A milestone was completed in early November when all of the 20-0dd technical committees in San Diego. Dozens of breakout task groups are forming to sort through public response to proposed changes to the 2017 NEC which will become the 2020 NEC this time next year. Proposals regarding RCEE landed on the agenda of nearly all 20-odd NEC technical committees. Standards Michigan has tenure in Code Making Panel 1, the committee with oversight about how all other technical committees determine the safe and practical application of RCEE.
Cutting to the chase then, linked below is the first of several transcripts that track CMP-1 debate:
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code Workspace
Admittedly, very technical stuff. Few will pay attention to these specifics until something bad happens (perhaps six years from now) so, to avoid something bad happening, we pay attention to it now. We always collaborate with IEEE JTC/PES/IAS and IEEE E&H Committee which meets online twice every month.
Issue: [16-102]
Category: Electrical, #SmartCampus
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Robert G. Arno, Neal Dowling, James R. Harvey, Richard Robben
Today at 15:00 UTC we review best practice for engineering and installing the point of common coupling between an electrical service provider its and an purchasing customer among the small group of experts who invented safe electric services in the first place — the 2023 Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Applications Society in Nashville, Tennessee.
Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
The relevant passages of the National Electrical Code are found in Article 230 and Article 495. We calibrate our attention with the documents linked below. These are only representative guidelines:
University of Michigan Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution
Texas A&M University Medium Voltage Power Systems
University of Florida Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution
Representative standards for regulated utilities for purchased power:
Detroit Edison Primary Service Standards (Green Book)
American Electric Power: Requirements for Electrical Services
Pacific Gas & Electric Primary Service Requirements
The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee curates a library of documents similar to those linked above.
Design of Electrical Services for Buildings
We are in the process of preparing new (original, and sometimes recycled) proposals for the 2026 National Electrical Code, with the work of Code Panel 10 of particular relevance to today’s topic:
First Draft Meetings: January 15-26, 2024 in Charleston, South Carolina
1264-2022 – IEEE Guide for Animal Mitigation for Electric Power Supply Substations
IEEE Power Engineering Society
CLICK HERE to order the guide
Related:
Satire on Steam Coaches (1831) / H. T. Alken
The CSA America Standards organization has launched a new best practice title — CSA T150 Connected & Automated Vehicle Code — that may, at the very least, guide the safety and sustainability agenda of many large research universities that have transportation service units. Many governments direct research funding toward transportation so this product may inform the practicality of academic research.
The CSA Group announcement, made through ANSI’s Project Initiation Notification platform, is paraphrased below:
Project Need: To support innovation and deployment in the field of connected and autonomous vehicles by providing infrastructure requirements for the installation and safe operations of CAVs and corresponding infrastructure in the North American context.
Stakeholders: This proposed Code is being developed at the request of industry and manufacturers. It will provide the industry with the technical requirements and standards of safe operation of CAVs. This will meet the strategic needs of the following key interests:
(a) Ensuring that the latest innovative/technology/safety features are available for users,
(b) Addressing needs of regulators by providing suitable requirements;
(c) Supporting certification bodies.
The connected and automated vehicle (CAV) code specifies infrastructure requirements for CAVs operating or intended to operate in both on-road and off-road environments in order to address public safety, security, and privacy challenges. The code includes, but is not limited to, physical and digital infrastructure. Consideration is given to cybersecurity, interoperability, data management, data privacy, data integrity, human aspects, and accessibility. The CAV code is intended to primarily address issues related to public safety, security, and privacy in conjunction with detailed knowledge of the legal, regulatory, and technological landscape, and ensuring compliance with all relevant and applicable law. The CAV code is not intended as a design specification nor as an instruction manual for untrained persons.
According to the public comment page this title was open for consultation for less than 30 days.
This is an ambitious undertaking and certain to inspire competition among competitor conformance and certification organizations. Accordingly, we will follow the developmental path of the proposed “Code”. We encourage direct participation in the CSA Group’s standards development program by students, faculty and staff in the education industry.
Standards Michigan will continue to be a resource for education facility managers, academic researchers and any other final fiduciary (user-interest) in the public or private sector who need cross-cutting perspective. This title appears on the standing agenda of our periodic Mobility colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Photo Credit: Center for Digital Education
Issue: [19-146]
Category: Transportation & Parking
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Paul Green, Jack Janveja, Richard Robben
Source: ANSI Standards Action
More
Ontario Reg. 129/10 School Buses
Connected and Automated Vehicle Technologies – Insights for Codes and Standards in Canada
Herbst Program for Engineering, Ethics & Society
Bibliography
“A Next Generation Smart Contract & Decentralized Application Platform” | Vitalik Buterin
“Fair and Robust Multi-Party Computation using a Global Transaction Ledger” | Aggelos Kiayias, Hong-Sheng Zhou, Vassilis Zikas
Balloting on the first stage of development of the 2023 National Electrical Code is underway now and will be completed by March 26th. We collaborate with several experts in the IEEE who are the leading voices in standards setting for ICT infrastructure present in education communities. The issues are many and complex and fast-moving. We provide transcripts and a sample of the issues that will determine the substance of the 2023 Edition.
Code Making Panel No. 3 Public Input Report
A sample of concepts in play:
Temperature limitations of Class 2 and Class 3 Cables
Fire resistive cabling systems
Multi-voltage (single junction, entry, pathway or connection) signaling control relay equipment
Listing of audio/video power-limited circuits
Code Making Panel No. 16 Public Input Report
A sample of concepts in play:
Definition of “Communication Utility”
Mechanical execution of work
Listed/Unlisted cables entering buildings
Underground communication cabling coordination with the National Electrical Safety Code
Public comment on the First Draft of the 2026 revision will be received until August 24, 2024. We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which hosts open colloquia 4 times monthly in European and American time zones. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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