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Guide to Premises Security

Library of Alexandria

NFPA 730 Guide to Premise Security guide describes construction, protection, occupancy features, and practices intended to reduce security vulnerabilities to life and property.  Related document — NFPA 731 Standard for the Installation of Electronic Premises Security Systems covers the application, location, installation, performance, testing, and maintenance of electronic premises security systems and their components.

The original University of Michigan standards advocacy enterprise (see ABOUT) began following the evolution of NFPA 730 and NFPA 731 since the 2008 Edition.   That enterprise began a collaboration  with trade associations and subject matter experts from other universities (notably Georgetown University and Evergreen State University) to advocate user-interest concepts in the 2011 edition.    A summary of advocacy action is summarized in the links below:

in the appeared in a trade association journal Facilities Manager:

APPA Code Talkers Anthony Davis Facility Manager May June 2011

An online presentation by Michael C. Peele (Georgetown University) — one of the voting members of NFPA 730 and NFPA 731 technical committees– was recorded and is linked below.

FREE ACCESS: 2023 Guide for Premises Security

FREE ACCESS: 2018 NFPA 730 Guide to Premise Security

Public comment on the First Draft of the 2026 Edition will be received until January 3, 2025.  You may key in your own ideas by clicking in to our user-interest Public Consultation Meeting Point or by communicating directly with the NFPA.

This title remains on the standing agenda of our Security colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Energy 200

ANSI Standards Action Weekly Edition

Iowa State University

Starting 2023 we break down our coverage of education community energy codes and standards into two tranches:

Energy 200: Codes and standards for building premise energy systems.  (Electrical, heating and cooling of the building envelope)

Standards Michigan: Building Transformers are Oversized and What We Are Doing About It

(Hint:  We are routinely “outvoted” on the National Electrical Code by stakeholders whose revenue depends upon oversized transformers.)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (Free Download): Benefits of Electrical Submeters

US Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information: How college dormitory residents change to save energy during a competition-based energy reduction intervention

Energy Star Data Trends: Energy Use in Residence Halls

University of Alabama: Which Residence Hall Can Save the Most Energy?

International Energy Conservation Code

Energy 400: Codes and standards for energy systems between campus buildings.  (District energy systems including interdependence with electrical and water supply)

ΔE=ΔKE+ΔPE+ΔU=Q−W

A different “flavor of money” runs through each of these domains and this condition is reflected in best practice discovery and promulgation.  Energy 200 is less informed by tax-free (bonded) money than Energy 400 titles.

Some titles cover safety and sustainability in both interior and exterior energy domains so we simply list them below:

ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code

ASHRAE International 90.1 — Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

International Code Council 2021 Energy Conservation Code

cdpACCESS | Energy Complete Monograph for all 2021 cycle energy proposals (1270 pages)

International Code Council 2021 International Green Construction Code

NFPA 90 Building Energy Code

NFPA 855 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

IEEE Electrical energy technical literature

ASTM Energy & Utilities Overview

Underwriters Laboratories Energy and Utilities

There are other ad hoc and open-source consortia that occupy at least a niche in this domain.  All of the fifty United States and the Washington DC-based US Federal Government throw off public consultations routinely and, of course, a great deal of faculty interest lies in research funding.

Please join our daily colloquia using the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.  We are also rolling out another facility — [MEETING POINT] — which should be ready for use sometime mid-2023.

More

Economics of Energy, Volume: 4.9 Article: 48 , James L. Sweeney, Stanford University

Global Warming: Scam, Fraud, or Hoax?, Douglas Allchin, The American Biology Teacher (2015) 77 (4): 309–313.

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy, By Kenneth L. Caneva, MIT Press

International District Energy Association Campus Energy 2023 Conference: February 29-March 2 (Grapevine Texas)

Climate Psychosis

The Seven Sins of Greenwashing

“Eco-friendly”, “Green”, “Bio”… Companies are increasingly using those tags as a signal to consumers of their environmental awareness. Yet also on the rise is a public concern about potential corporate lies in this subject, a phenomena labelled as “greenwashing”.

According to IESE professor Pascual Berrone, “many companies highlight one green positive aspect of their product or service, and hide the true impact that its production has on the environment”. With more and more NGO’s act as public watchdogs, “the consequences of getting caught can be, in terms of reputation but also economically, severe”, he says.

Universidad de Navarra | Iruña

Uno a uno

Building Environment Design

Disaster 500

During today’s session we approach disaster avoidance, management and recovery literature from a different point of view than our customary approach — i.e. what happens when, a) there is failure to conform to the standard, b) there is no applicable standard at all.  This approach necessarily requires venturing into the regulatory and legal domains.  We will confine our approach to the following standards development regimes:

  1. De facto standards: These are standards that are not officially recognized or endorsed by any formal organization or government entity, but have become widely adopted by industry or through market forces. Examples include the QWERTY keyboard layout and the MP3 audio format.
  2. De jure standards: These are standards that are formally recognized and endorsed by a government or standard-setting organization. Examples include the ISO 9000 quality management standard and the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard.
  3. Consortium standards: These are standards that are developed and maintained by a group of industry stakeholders or organizations, often with the goal of advancing a particular technology or product. Examples include the USB and Bluetooth standards, which are maintained by the USB Implementers Forum and the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, respectively.
  4. Open standards: These are standards that are freely available and can be used, implemented, and modified by anyone without restriction. Examples include the HTML web markup language and the Linux operating system.
  5. Proprietary standards: These are standards that are owned and controlled by a single organization, and may require payment of licensing fees or other restrictions for use or implementation. Examples include the Microsoft Office document format and the Adobe PDF document format.
  6. ANSI accredited standards developers with disaster management catalogs

We may have time to review State of Emergency laws on the books of most government agencies; with special attention to power blackout disasters.

Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Case Briefings

Managing Disaster with Blockchain, Cloud & IOT

Readings / Emergency Telecommunication Plans

Homeland Power Security

Storm Shelters

Committee Action Hearings on the Group A tranche of titles, some of which interact structural elements at risk in natural disasters will be heard in Orlando, April 7-16.

“Landscape between Storms” 1841 Auguste Renoir

 

When is it ever NOT storm season somewhere in the United States; with several hundred schools, colleges and universities in the path of them? Hurricanes also spawn tornadoes. This title sets the standard of care for safety, resilience and recovery when education community structures are used for shelter and recovery.  The most recently published edition of the joint work results of the International Code Council and the ASCE Structural Engineering Institute SEI-7 is linked below:

2020 ICC/NSSA 500 Standard for the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters.

Given the historic tornados in the American Midwest this weekend, its relevance is plain.  From the project prospectus:

The objective of this Standard is to provide technical design and performance criteria that will facilitate and promote the design, construction, and installation of safe, reliable, and economical storm shelters to protect the public. It is intended that this Standard be used by design professionals; storm shelter designers, manufacturers, and constructors; building officials; and emergency management personnel and government officials to ensure that storm shelters provide a consistently high level of protection to the sheltered public.

This project runs roughly in tandem with the ASCE Structural Engineering Institute SEI-17 which has recently updated its content management system and presented challenges to anyone who attempts to find the content where it used to be before the website overhaul.    In the intervening time, we direct stakeholders to the link to actual text (above) and remind education facility managers and their architectural/engineering consultants that the ICC Code Development process is open to everyone.

The ICC receives public response to proposed changes to titles in its catalog at the link below:

Standards Public Forms

2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

You are encouraged to communicate with Kimberly Paarlberg (kpaarlberg@iccsafe.org) for detailed, up to the moment information.  When the content is curated by ICC staff it is made available at the link below:

ICC cdpACCESS

We maintain this title on the agenda of our periodic Disaster colloquia which approach this title from the point of view of education community facility managers who collaborate with structual engineers, architects and emergency management functionaries..   See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting, open to everyone.

Readings:

FEMA: Highlights of ICC 500-2020

ICC 500-2020 Standard and Commentary: ICC/NSSA Design and Construction of Storm Shelters

IEEE: City Geospatial Dashboard: IoT and Big Data Analytics for Geospatial Solutions Provider in Disaster Management

 

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research

“DIFFER” is a research institute domiciled at TU/e that is focused on advancing the development of sustainable energy technologies, such as fusion energy and solar fuels. It conducts fundamental research on plasma physics and materials science to understand the behavior of matter at extremely high temperatures and under extreme conditions.

DIFFER also collaborates with universities, research institutions, and industry partners to translate their research into practical applications. The institute’s ultimate goal is to develop new and innovative solutions to meet the world’s growing demand for energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact.  

Among its findings and recommendations: “Electrochemical Production of Ammonia from Renewable Energy: A Thermodynamic Analysis” published in the Journal of The Electrochemical Society in 2018, which evaluated the thermodynamic feasibility of using renewable energy to produce ammonia, an important fertilizer, through electrochemical processes.

N.B. Ammonia can be deployed for energy conservation purposes in various ways, such as:

  1. Energy storage: Ammonia can be used as a means of storing energy from renewable sources, such as wind and solar power, in the form of chemical energy. This stored energy can be released by converting ammonia back into electricity through fuel cells or by burning it in a combustion engine.
  2. Power generation: Ammonia can be used directly as a fuel in combustion engines or turbines to generate electricity, without emitting greenhouse gases or other harmful pollutants.
  3. Heating and cooling: Ammonia can be used as a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid in industrial processes, air conditioning systems, or district heating networks, reducing the energy required for cooling and heating.
  4. Fuel for transportation: Ammonia can be used as a fuel for ships, trains, or other heavy-duty vehicles, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

However, it is worth noting that the deployment of ammonia for energy conservation purposes requires the development of suitable technologies for its production, transportation, and storage, as well as the necessary infrastructure to support its use.

Nederland

Allston District Energy

Standards Massachusetts

 

Exploring technological preventive methods for school shootings

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

Exploring technological preventive methods for school shootings

Kelechi M. Ikegwu – Evelyn Sowells – Howard Hardiman

Department of Computer Systems Technology, North Carolina A&T State University

 

ABSTRACT.  The horrific and tragic deaths that have resulted from infamous school shootings have deprived Americans of the sense of security in what has traditionally been a nurturing and safe environment. This paper will discuss different preventive methods for school shootings. The most current preventive methods are examined for fitness based on a variety of school shootings that have occurred in the past. Then a framework for a new school shooting protection device is proposed and evaluated. Concepts from computer vision, anomaly detection, and electromagnetic propulsion are discussed with respect to the proposed framework. Ideally, the goal of the framework presented in this paper is to prevent deaths and injuries from occurring during a school shooting. With the framework, an efficient and comparatively affordable preventive method could be released in the near future.

CLICK HERE to order complete paper

 

K-12 School Security

Kitchen Fires in High-rise Residential Buildings

 

Numerical Study of Kitchen Fires in High-rise Residential Buildings

Jing Liu – Peng Wang – Guangrui Song

Southwest Jiaotong University

 

Abstract:  Open kitchen design is becoming popular in small units in high-rise residential buildings. This design increases the possibility that fires originating in the cooking area would spread beyond its origin. Effect of cabinet properties and wind on the fire hazards of open kitchen is numerically studied. It is found that if there are combustible items adjacent to the cooking area it helps the fire to spread giving a big fire and the wind may cause the fire spread vertically along the building exterior wall.

CLICK HERE to order complete article

K-12 School Security

CLICK ON IMAGE (Note that the link may move around quite a bit)

 

Clery Act

 

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