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Gallery: Planetariums

Molėtai Astronomical Observatory

History of Western Civilization Told Through the Acoustics of its Worship Spaces

 

Abstract.  Insights into the history and future of western civilization are found by applying information theory to the acoustical communication channel (ACC) of its worship spaces. Properties of the ACC have both influenced and reflected the choice of message coding (e.g., speech or music) at various times. Speech coding is efficient for acoustically dry ACCs, but hopeless for highly time-dispersive ACCs. Music coding is appropriate for time dispersive (reverberant) ACCs. The ACCs of synagogues, early Christian house churches, and many Protestant churches are relatively acoustically “dry” and thus well suited to spoken liturgies.

The spoken liturgy, dominant in synagogues, was carried over to early Christian churches, but became unworkable in Constantinian cathedrals and was largely replaced with a musical liturgy. After a millennium, the cathedral acoustic was altered to suit the doctrinal needs of reformation churches with its renewed emphasis on the spoken word. Worship forms continue to change, and the changes are reflected in the properties of the ACC. The pulpits of electronic churches may be evolving into radio and television performance spaces and naves into worshipers’ living rooms.

CLICK IMAGE

Evensong “How Do You Keep the Music Playing?”

Sacred Spaces

National Youth Choir of Scotland “Love Divine”

Gallery: School Bond Referenda (August & November Ballots)

In terms of total spend, the US elementary and secondary school industry is about twice the size of the higher education industry according to IBISWorld. About $100 billion is in play every year for both (which we cover during our Ædificare colloquia); with higher education spending only half of what elementary and secondary school systems spend on facilities.

Note that some districts are including construction for faculty housing.

Our focus remains on applying global standard to create educational settlements that are safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting — not on the hurly-burly of local school bond elections.  We recommend consulting the coverage in American School & University for more detailed and more timely information.

Standard Daylight Saving Time

Daylight Saving Time Rules

In the United States, the difference between Standard Time and Daylight Saving Time (DST) is primarily related to the adjustment of the clocks to make better use of daylight during certain periods of the year. Here’s a breakdown:

Standard Time

  • Definition: Standard Time refers to the time zones as defined without any adjustments for daylight saving.
  • Time Zones: The U.S. is divided into several time zones including Eastern Standard Time (EST), Central Standard Time (CST), Mountain Standard Time (MST), and Pacific Standard Time (PST).
  • Usage Period: Typically observed from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March.

    Indiana University | Monroe County

Daylight Saving Time (DST)

  • Definition: Daylight Saving Time involves setting the clock forward by one hour from Standard Time to extend evening daylight.
  • Adjustment: During DST, time zones are referred to as Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), Central Daylight Time (CDT), Mountain Daylight Time (MDT), and Pacific Daylight Time (PDT).
  • Usage Period: Generally observed from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November.
  • Purpose: The main goal is to make better use of daylight during the longer days of spring, summer, and early fall, thereby conserving energy and allowing for more daylight in the evening hours.
https://youtu.be/bgcZjADSRTk?si=mwbvNFphUOSbKkHG

University of Wisconsin Eau Claire

Key Differences

  • Clock Adjustment: Clocks are set forward by one hour in the spring for DST and set back by one hour in the fall when reverting to Standard Time.
  • Impact on Time: During DST, the time is one hour ahead of Standard Time. For example, when it is 2 PM EST (Standard Time), it would be 3 PM EDT (Daylight Saving Time).
  • Daylight Utilization: DST provides an extra hour of daylight in the evening, which can be beneficial for activities after work or school and can help reduce electricity usage.

Example

  • Eastern Standard Time (EST): If it is 12:00 PM (noon) EST in New York during the winter, it is 12:00 PM.
  • Eastern Daylight Time (EDT): If it is 12:00 PM (noon) in New York during the summer, the actual solar time is 11:00 AM, but the clock shows 12:00 PM due to the one-hour forward adjustment for DST.

Campus Clocks

Time & Frequency Services

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for maintaining and disseminating official time in the United States. While NIST does not have a direct role in implementing clock changes for daylight saving time, it does play an important role in ensuring that timekeeping systems across the country are accurate and consistent.

Prior to the implementation of daylight saving time, NIST issues public announcements reminding individuals and organizations to adjust their clocks accordingly. NIST also provides resources to help people synchronize their clocks, such as the time.gov website and the NIST radio station WWV.

In addition, NIST is responsible for developing and maintaining the atomic clocks that are used to define Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the international standard for timekeeping. UTC is used as the basis for all civil time in the United States, and it is the reference time used by many systems, including the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the internet.

Overall, while NIST does not have a direct role in implementing clock changes for daylight saving time, it plays an important role in ensuring that timekeeping systems across the country are accurate and consistent, which is essential for the smooth implementation of any changes to the system.

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More

Time Realization and Distribution

Horologiorum

Seder Plate

The Beginner’s Guide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

University of Michigan

American Jewish University

University of Richmond

Stanford University

University of Chicago

Harvard Chabad

Passover ‘A Cappella’

Standards March: Water

Curated list of our interest and accomplishments in water-related codes, standards and related best practice literature.

International Building Code | Chapter 29 Plumbing Systems

IAPMO International

Backflow Prevention

Fire Pump Reliability

Legionella

Emergency Shower & Eyewash Testing

Gallery: Great Lakes

Building Water Demand

Water and Electricity

Florida Gulf Coast University | Lee County

Water Management

University of Newcastle | New South Wales

Natatoriums 300: Advanced Topics

University of Southern California | Orange County

Qualität der Wasserversorgung

DRINKING, WASTEWATER & STORMWATER SYSTEMS

 

Colloquy (March)

Open agenda. We do this once every month.  Whatever anyone wants to talk about.

About

American School and University: Northern Kentucky University plans to expand its main science research building

Fish Fry

Indiana

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“The Fish Fry is the unofficial homecoming of Indiana agriculture,” said Danica Kirkpatrick, Executive Director of the Ag Alumni Association. “Not only do we have a fun, educational program, but our guests tell us each year how much they enjoy the networking and exhibit area. While you can’t help but notice the obvious Purdue Pride at the Fish Fry, you don’t have to be an alumnus to attend.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Standards Indiana

Time Synchronization of Medium Voltage Substations

 

Time Synchronization of Medium Voltage Substation IEDs Using Modbus and Python

Joseph Owusu, et. al

 

Abstract:  Energy demand and supply all over the world is increasing in size and complexity. Anomalous conditions caused by failures in electrical components, human errors and environmental conditions result in electrical faults that can interrupt electricity flow. Substation automation requires precise time synchronization for a variety of Intelligent Electronic Devices for fault diagnosis. The quest for accurate and sequential time stamping of events compels power utility companies to adopt various techniques of time synchronization with an accuracy of a millisecond or a microsecond. Some works adopt the use of time synchronization techniques using protocols such as Network Time Protocol, Precision Time protocol, Simple Network Time Protocol and many more. This work presents time synchronization of IEDs using Modbus protocol and python programming language for a local substation. The system records the output data into a database and displays it on an application software. The time synchronization system was successful alternative for off network systems.

 

Related:

Time Synchronization in the Electric Power System

 

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