Author Archives: mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Football Field Lighting

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After athletic arena life safety obligations are met (governed legally by NFPA 70, NFPA 101, NFPA 110,  the International Building Code and possibly other state adaptations of those consensus documents incorporated by reference into public safety law) business objective standards come into play.   The illumination of the competitive venue itself figures heavily into the quality of digital media visual experience and value.

For almost all athletic facilities,  the consensus documents of the Illumination Engineering Society[1], the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers[2][3] provide the first principles for life safety.  For business purposes, the documents distributed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association inform the standard of care for individual athletic arenas so that swiftly moving media production companies have some consistency in power sources and illumination as they move from site to site.  Sometimes concepts to meet both life safety and business objectives merge.

The NCAA is not a consensus standard developer but it does maintain a library of recommended practice documents for lighting the venues for typical competition and competition that is televised.

NCAA Best Lighting Practices

 It welcomes feedback from subject matter experts and front line facility managers.

Our own monthly walk-through of athletic and recreation facility codes and standards workgroup meets monthly.  See our CALENDAR for the next Sport or Lighting teleconferences; open to everyone.

Often called “The Big House” Michigan Stadium is the largest football stadium in the world.

Issue: [15-138]

Category: Electrical, Architectural, Lively, Athletics

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Jack Janveja, George Reiher


[1] Illumination Engineering Handbook | Sports and Recreational Area Lighting

[2] IEEE 3001.9 Recommended Practice for Design of Power Systems for Supplying Lighting Systems for Commercial & Industrial Facilities

[3] IEEE 3006.1 Power System Reliability

[4]  The Measurement Method of Light Distribution Emitted from Sports Facilities Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

[5] Slaton High School Tiger Stadium Lighting Case Study

[6] Liberty High School Football Stadium Case Study

 

Timekeeping

“Time, the devourer of all things.”
Ovid, “Metamorphoses”

“Time is an illusion:” — Albert Einstein

Today we examine best practice literature for timekeeping in educational settlements, with special interest in metering the academic “day” and timekeeping in athletic competition.   Time is the most measured quantity on earth; its significance worthy of a “periodic” revisit at the beginning of every semester, at the usual hour.

Schools, Colleges, and Universities

Structured Learning: Educational settlement rely on timekeeping to ensure that classes and activities start and end punctually. This structure – deadlines, for example — maintains a consistent learning environment.

Scheduling: Timely adherence to schedules allows for the efficient use of resources, such as classrooms, laboratories, and libraries, ensuring that these are available when needed.

Examinations: Accurate timekeeping is essential for starting and ending examinations on time, which helps in maintaining fairness and integrity.

Coordination: Timekeeping helps in coordinating various activities, such as extracurricular events, sports, and meetings, ensuring that they do not clash and that participants can attend multiple activities without conflict.

Horologiorum

Hospitals

Patient Care: Timekeeping is vital in hospitals to ensure that patients receive timely medical attention, medications, and treatments, which can be critical for their recovery and health outcomes.

Shift Management: Accurate timekeeping is essential for managing staff shifts, ensuring that there is always adequate medical and support staff available to attend to patients.

Appointments: Punctuality in scheduling and maintaining appointments helps in reducing wait times and improving the overall patient experience.

Emergency Response: Timekeeping is crucial in emergency situations where every second counts. It helps in tracking response times and improving the efficiency of emergency services.

Medical Procedures: Many medical procedures and tests are time-sensitive. Accurate timekeeping ensures that these are performed correctly and within the required timeframes.

Systeme International d’Unites

“Juvet Time Globe” / Smithsonian Institution

Athletic Competition

Measurement of Performance: Timekeeping technology provides precise and accurate measurements of athletes’ performance. This is essential for determining winners, setting records, and assessing personal bests.

Consistency: High-quality timekeeping technology ensures consistent measurements across different events and competitions, which is vital for maintaining the integrity of the sport.

Accurate Judging: In events where timing is crucial, such as track and field, swimming, and cycling, accurate timekeeping ensures that the correct winners are declared and that records are recognized legitimately.

Close Finishes: Advanced timekeeping technology, such as photo-finish cameras, can distinguish between competitors in extremely close races, providing clear and indisputable results.

Regulatory Requirements: Many sports have strict regulations regarding timing equipment and procedures. Compliance with these standards ensures that competitions are conducted fairly and uniformly across different levels and regions.

Engineering in Sport

Timing standards, particularly the definition of the second and the maintenance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), do not change very much.  Changes in measuring technology and synchronization do change and are managed through national and international weights and measures consortia.


Related:

Mechanical Clock from 1895 Still Ticking

Traditional High School Bell Schedule

When did time zones become a thing?

How Daylight Savings Time Affects Your Body

Time Synchronization of Medium Voltage Substations

Time Standards

Time Radio: WWVH Kauai Station ID

Time & Frequency Services

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for maintaining and disseminating official time in the United States. While NIST does not have a direct role in implementing clock changes for daylight saving time, it does play an important role in ensuring that timekeeping systems across the country are accurate and consistent.

Prior to the implementation of daylight saving time, NIST issues public announcements reminding individuals and organizations to adjust their clocks accordingly. NIST also provides resources to help people synchronize their clocks, such as the time.gov website and the NIST radio station WWV.

In addition, NIST is responsible for developing and maintaining the atomic clocks that are used to define Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the international standard for timekeeping. UTC is used as the basis for all civil time in the United States, and it is the reference time used by many systems, including the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the internet.

Overall, while NIST does not have a direct role in implementing clock changes for daylight saving time, it plays an important role in ensuring that timekeeping systems across the country are accurate and consistent, which is essential for the smooth implementation of any changes to the system.

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More

Time Realization and Distribution

Horologiorum

Reflections / John Nash

“Non-Cooperative Games” 1951 | John Nash

Brian Keating: Cosmology, Astrophysics, Aliens & Losing the Nobel Prize

 

Sabbath

Point Loma University

Point Loma Nazarene University | San Diego County California

 

Loma Linda University | San Bernardino County California


Loma Linda University (LLU) is the institution run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is located in Loma Linda, San Bernardino County, California. Point Loma Nazarene University (PNLU), located in San Diego County, is affiliated with the Church of the Nazarene and is not associated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

2022 Christmas Candlelight Concert

Fashion Technology

Art presents a different way of looking at things than science; 

one which preserves the mystery of things without undoing the mystery.

Sir Roger Scruton


Garment Industry Standards

Gallery: School Uniforms

Textiles

Art, Design & Fashion Studios

Special Events

“View of the Colosseum” 1747 Giovanni Paolo Panini

Special event safety and sustainability — keeping large groups of people safe and engaged in the event itself — cuts across many disciplines.  Educational settlements are ideal settings and the raison d’être for these communities everywhere.

Today we charge through the best practice catalogs of the following standards setting organizations:

American Society of Civil Engineers

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Water closets & Hygiene devices

American National Standards Institute

American Water Works Association

ASHRAE International

ASTM International

Emergency sound systems at sports venues

Consumer Technology Association

International Code Council

ICC 300 Bleachers, Folding Seating, Grandstands

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

Automated Sports Court Drawing Bot

International Standardization Organization

ISO/PC 250 Sustainability in event management (British Standards Institute is the Global Secretariat)

List of All ANSI ISO TAGS  (There is no ANSI US TAG Administrator as of 1 October 2023)

National Fire Protection Association

Arenas, Lecture Halls & Theaters

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Telecommunications Industry Association

Underwriter Laboratories

At the moment we cover outdoor and indoor events because, conceptually, there is substantial overlap.  It is likely, however, that in the fullness of time we will have to break down the coverage between exterior and interior events.

There are a number of titles from the foregoing short list of SDO’s that are open for consultation during the next 30 to 90 days so it is not likely we will have time to examine other niche SDO’s in the special event domain.  For example:

Audio Standards

Audiovisual Experiences

Theater Safety

Baseball Lighting

Entertainment Technology

Lighting Theatre & Auditorium Spaces

There are others.

Media production audio visual

Action on open global and government consultations, and examination of developments in the research bibliography will have to wait for another day also.  We cover them fairly well in the breakout meetings shown on our CALENDAR.

As always, today’s colloquium in open to everyone with the login credentials available on the upper right of our home page.

Sport Scoreboards

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