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Electric Vehicle Charging

GROUP A MODEL BUILDING CODES: Comments on Committee Actions will be received until July 8th

International Building Code Chapter 4, Section 406.2.7

Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

 

Free public access to the 2021 edition of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) is linked below:

2021 International Energy Conservation Code

 

Electric vehicle charging stations are addressed in the 2024 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) within two specific appendices:

Appendix RE: This appendix provides detailed requirements for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, focusing on both residential and commercial buildings. It includes definitions and infrastructure standards to ensure that new constructions are equipped to support electric vehicle charging​

Appendix CG: This appendix offers guidance on electric vehicle power transfer and charging infrastructure, emphasizing the integration of EV-ready requirements into building designs. It outlines the necessary provisions for installing and managing EV charging stations, ensuring compliance with energy conservation standards​

.These appendices are part of the broader efforts to incorporate EV infrastructure into building codes, promoting energy efficiency and supporting the transition to electric vehicles.

Recharging infrastructure at at Google’s Mountain View (California) campus | Pretty ugly, eh?

“Gas” 1940 Edward Hopper

This standard will be updated within a reconfigured code development cycle linked below:

2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Keep in mind that many electric vehicle safety and sustainability concepts will track in other titles in the ICC catalog.   It is enlightening to see other energy related proposals tracking in the most recent Group A code revision cycle

The following proposals discussed during the Group A Hearings ended earlier this month are noteworthy:

IBC § 202 (NEW) | G66-21 |  Electrical mobility definitions

IBC § 1107.2, et al | E124-21 & E125-21 & E126-21 |  Electrical vehicle charging stations for R-2 occupancies.

From the Group B revision cycle — COMPLETE MONOGRAPH:

R309.6 Electric vehicle charging stations and systems. Where provided, electric vehicle charging systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. Electric vehicle charging system equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2202. Electric vehicle supply equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2594.

IBC 406.2.7 Electric vehicle charging stations and systems. Where provided, electric vehicle charging systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. Electric vehicle charging system equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2202. Electric vehicle supply equipment shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2594. Accessibility to electric vehicle charging stations shall be provided in accordance with Section 1108.

TABLE R328.5 MAXIMUM AGGREGATE RATINGS OF ESS (Energy Storage Systems) – PDF Page 1476

Incumbents are socking in EV concepts all across the ICC catalog.  We refer them to experts in the Industrial Applications Society IEEE E&H Committee.

 

 

One of the more spirited debates in recent revision cycles is the following:

Who shall pay for electrical vehicle charging infrastructure?   

The underlying assumption is that the electrification of the global transportation grid has a net benefit.   We remain mute on that question; the question of net gain.

Of course, many proposals pointed the finger at the stakeholder with the deepest pockets.  Accordingly, new commercial building owners will be required to install charging stations for new buildings.   During 2018 and 2019 we tracked the action in the workspace below so that we could collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee:

2021 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

Given that most higher education facilities are classified as commercial, the cost of charging stations will be conveyed into the new building construction budget unless the unit takes an exception.   Generally speaking, most colleges and universities like to display their electric vehicle credentials, even if the use of such charging stations remains sparse.

Cornell University

Issue: [11-40]

Category: Electrical, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey

* The education industry has significant square footage this is classified as residential; particularly on the periphery of large research campuses.

LEARN MORE:

ICC 2021/2022 Code Development Cycle

The Top 5 Energy Efficiency Proposals for the 2021 IECC

Archive / IECC Electric Vehicle Charging

 

Gallery: Campus Transportation and Parking

Mobility 400

Drivers facing the yellow-light-dilemma

Center for Digital Education | University of Michigan

 

Stochastic hybrid models for predicting the behavior of drivers facing the yellow-light-dilemma

Paul A. Green | University of Michigan

 Daniel Hoehener & Domitilla Del Vecchio | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  

Abstract:  We address the problem of predicting whether a driver facing the yellow-light-dilemma will cross the intersection with the red light. Based on driving simulator data, we propose a stochastic hybrid system model for driver behavior. Using this model combined with Gaussian process estimation and Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain an upper bound for the probability of crossing with the red light. This upper bound has a prescribed confidence level and can be calculated quickly on-line in a recursive fashion as more data become available. Calculating also a lower bound we can show that the upper bound is on average less than 3% higher than the true probability. Moreover, tests on driving simulator data show that 99% of the actual red light violations, are predicted to cross on red with probability greater than 0.95 while less than 5% of the compliant trajectories are predicted to have an equally high probability of crossing. Determining the probability of crossing with the red light will be important for the development of warning systems that prevent red light violations.

CLICK HERE to order complete article

Easter Bread & Yaupon Tea

“Every year as Easter approaches, if you are lucky, you might catch the scent of baking bread and fragrant anise wafting in the air in my hometown of Clarksburg, West Virginia.  Easter bread, sweet and flavored with anise seed, is a holiday ritual in the Italian-American community here.  With roots stretching back to Calabria, making Easter bread is a foodways tradition that now thrives in North Central West Virginia”  — Lori Hostuttler, Assistant Director at West Virginia & Regional History Center

Standards West Virginia | Lane Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering

Yaupon Drink: A Medicine Bundle in the Atlantic World

Steven P. Carriger Jr, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Abstract. This dissertation examines yaupon drink, a tea made from yaupon holly along with other ingredients, as a medicine bundle in the Atlantic World. Originally a medicinal drink used by Native Americans across the what is today the American South, over time the tea became a trade good demanded by the Spanish and a medicinal herb sought by European botanists and medical practitioners. Chapter One traces yaupon’s origins across the southeast and bundles the drink into the many cosmic and social connections it held. Chapter Two shows how the Spanish colonial presence offered an alternative to yaupon in Florida, through Christianity and its Sacraments even as the Spanish themselves began to commodify it, demanding it as an item of tribute. Chapter Three looks beyond Spanish Florida into the interior of the southeast as Creek, Cherokee, and Natchez towns negotiated the “Shatter Zone” and shows how towns of the Native Americans preserved or changed how they used yaupon in response to European colonialism. Chapter Four explains how the yaupon became a part of medicine and gardens in early modern Europe and how its leaves negotiated the changes that the Enlightenment brought. Using archaeology and European narrative histories, this dissertation examines yaupon drink within its relational fields, recognizing its affordances and how these help write a small piece of a decolonized history of the tangled relationships among Native Americans and Europeans in Southeast and the larger Atlantic World.

“Spring Turning” 1936 Grant Wood

Related:

Easter Bread (Bosca) & Cowboy Coffee

A Gentleman’s London

Fashion Utah

Standards Utah

 

 

 

 

 

Alternating Current Generators

Today we scan the status of the literature governing the specification, installation, operation and maintenance of the larger commercial-scale generators that provide backup power for emergency egress, hospitals, data centers, critical operations and the like.  These are three phase units – larger than residential generators (in kilowatts terms) but smaller than regulated utility generators.  This topic is further breakdown of coverage in previous sessions, spanning decades.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

  • IEC 60034 – Rotating Electrical Machines (General requirements for electric machines, including generators).
  • ISO 8528: Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine Driven Alternating Current Generating Sets
  • NEMA MG 10012-2023: Safety Standard for Construction and Guide for Selection, Installation, and Use of Electric Motors and Generators
  • ANSI C84.1 – Voltage ratings for electric power systems and equipment.
  • UL 2200: Standard for Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies
  • UL 142 – Safety standard for fuel tanks used in generator installations.
  • IEEE 446: Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications
  • ASCE 24: Flood Resistant Design and Construction
  • ASME B31.9 – Building Services Piping (applies to piping for fuel and exhaust systems in commercial buildings).
  • NFPA 37: Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines
  • NFPA 70:  National Electrical Code
  • NFPA 110 & 111: Standard for emergency and standby power systems.
  • ANSI/NETA Acceptance Testing Specifications
  • EPA Regulations (e.g., 40 CFR Part 60) | EPA Tier Regulations – Emission standards for diesel and gas-powered generators in the U.S.
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910 – Occupational safety and health standards for electrical systems, including generators.

Related:

Schools & Universities Utilize Stationary & Portable Generators for Backup Power

Reliability Analysis for Power to Fire Pumps

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Critical Operations Power Systems

Transfer Equipment

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Sporty weather season in the United States inspires a revisit of best practice for designing, building and maintaining the systems that provide limited electricity when the primary source fails. We have been active in the development of this and related titles for decades and have presented several proposals to the technical committee. Public input for the 2028 Revision will be received until June 4, 2025.

Electrical building, World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1892)

FREE ACCESS to the 2022 Edition of NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

The scope of NFPA 110 and NFPA 111 are close coupled  and summarized below:

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems. This standard contains requirements covering the performance of emergency and standby power systems providing an alternate source of electrical power to loads in buildings and facilities in the event that the primary power source fails.

NFPA 111 Stored Electrical Energy for Emergency and Standby Power Systems. This standard shall cover performance requirements for stored electrical energy systems providing an alternate source of electrical power in buildings and facilities in the event that the normal electrical power source fails.

FIRST DRAFT AGENDA | August 2022

Public comment on the First Draft of the 2025 Edition will be received until May 31, 2023.  

We have advocated in this standard since 1996 and still use the original University of Michigan Workspace; though those workspaces must be upgraded to the new Google Sites during 2021.  We provide a link to the Standards Michigan Workspace and invite you to join any of our electrical colloquia which are hosted jointly with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee four times per month in European and American time zones.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [96-04]

Category: Electrical, Risk

Contact: Mike Anthony, Robert Arno, Neal Dowling, Jim Harvey, Robert Schuerger, Mike Hiler

More

ITM of Emergency Power Systems

Planning for Higher Education Journal: Revisiting the Campus Power Dilemma: A Case Study

Tom is a long-time colleague and friend so Mike happily posts his content:

454c656374726f746563686e6f6c6f6779

Copper can’t be mined fast enough to electrify the United States

Edison electric vehicle | National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

Bridge Michigan: Researchers say a copper shortage could imperil Michigan’s EV future

Related:

2017 NEC Section 110.5 | Aluminum wiring

Cow to Cone

Milk

Do cows mind being milked?

Nourriture d’automne

 

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