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The University Campus As A Designed Work and an Artefact of Cultural Heritage

The University Campus in the United States—As a Designed Work to Produce Knowledge; and as an Artefact of Cultural Heritage

Paul Hardin Kapp
School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States

ABSTRACT: The university campus in the United States is a unique architectural and landscape architecture typology. Nothing like it existed until Harvard University was established in 1638. Invented during in the 17th century by the American colonists and later developed during the American Industrial Revolution, the American campus is a community devoted to teaching and generating knowledge. It can be urban, suburban, and/or rural in form and its planning directly correlates with a university’s research mission and the pedagogy of the American university system. Its buildings and landscapes are embedded with iconography, which the founding builders used to convey their values to future generations.

This paper presents the history of how this designed work first emerged in American society and then evolved in ways that responded to changes that occurred in America. At the end of the 20th century, universities conserved parts of them as cultural heritage monuments. Originally, the university campus was built to disseminate a classical education, but later, the campus was built for technical and agricultural education. By the beginning of the 20th century, professional education and sport changed its architecture and landscape. The paper briely discusses that while it has inspired how universities are built to teach and generate knowledge throughout the world. It concludes by reairming its value to cultural heritage and that it should be conserved.

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OSU was founded in 1890 as Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College under the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 set in motion by President Abraham Lincoln. It has approximately 30,000 students across 1500 acres with 400 buildings. Its athletic department runs an operating budget of about $100 million.

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George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum

The George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, located on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, was designed by architect Robert A.M. Stern. The library was dedicated on April 25, 2013, and it serves as the official library and museum for the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush.

Robert A.M. Stern is a prominent American architect known for his work on various projects, including academic buildings, museums, and residential structures. His design reflects a traditional and monumental architectural style that combines elements of classicism with contemporary design features. The library, located on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, was opened to the public in 2013.

Here are some features of the Stern design:

Neo-Classical Style: Robert Stern’s design for the George W. Bush Library draws inspiration from classical architectural elements, particularly evident in the grandeur of its facade. The building features symmetrical lines, grand columns, and a sense of balance and proportion reminiscent of classical architecture.
Materials: The exterior of the library is clad in Texas Cordova Cream limestone, which gives the building a timeless and elegant appearance. The use of this indigenous stone connects the library to its Texas roots while also conveying a sense of permanence and strength.
Grand Entrance: The entrance to the library is marked by a grand portico supported by tall columns, evoking the imagery of ancient Greek and Roman temples. This creates a sense of importance and significance befitting a presidential library.
Light-filled Interior: Inside the library, natural light floods the space through expansive windows and skylights, creating an inviting and uplifting atmosphere. The interior spaces are designed to be open and airy, with high ceilings and ample room for exhibits and displays.
Landscape Design: Surrounding the library is a carefully landscaped campus that includes native Texas plantings, walking paths, and outdoor gathering spaces. The landscape design complements the architecture of the building and provides visitors with opportunities for reflection and relaxation.

We refer to him as American Vitruvius, given his influence on the architecture of so many educational settlements; reflecting classical elegance with contemporary functionality.

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The University continues its expansion in Allston, Massachusetts. The Harvard Business School and many of the university’s athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston, a Boston neighborhood across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses. Intending a major expansion, Harvard now owns more land in Allston than it does in Cambridge.

A ten-year plan calls for 1.4 million square feet (130,000 square meters) of new construction and 500,000 square feet (50,000 square meters) of renovations, including new and renovated buildings at Harvard Business School; a hotel and conference center; a multipurpose institutional building; renovations to graduate student housing and to Harvard Stadium; new athletic facilities; new laboratories and classrooms for the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; expansion of the Harvard Education Portal; and a district energy facility.

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