Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) sources are abundant in the routine of a hospital. Such sources can be for personal use, be part of the set of electromedical equipment or the building structure. This article presents the verification of electromagnetic interference between field sources and hospital devices, since electromagnetic interference is a factor that puts the correct functioning of these equipments at risk. As a consequence, patient’s lives are also put at risk. Since in many cases, the vitality of the patient depends exclusively on medical devices, electromagnetic fields were measured inside and outside the intensive care units (ICUs) of the University Hospital Alcides Carneiro (UHAC) with all hospital devices working normally. The electromagnetic field values obtained at the hospital were compared with the values imposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Occupancy classification is “first principal concept”; the essential factor in architectural design because it helps determine the appropriate use of a building and the associated requirements for fire protection and life safety. Occupancy classification refers to the categorization of buildings or portions of buildings based on their intended use and the activities that will occur within them. The International Building Code provides a set of standards for occupancy classifications that are used by architects and building officials to ensure that buildings are designed and constructed to meet the necessary safety requirements. These standards help ensure that the building’s design and construction comply with fire and life safety codes and regulations.
A building that is classified as a business occupancy — as many classrooms and offices are in education communities — will have different requirements for fire protection and life safety compared to a building that is classified as a residential occupancy. Business occupancies may require fire suppression systems, while residential occupancies may require smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors. Additionally, occupancy classification affects the number of occupants allowed within a building, the type and size of exits required, the need for fire-resistant construction materials, and the placement and quantity of fire extinguishers and other fire protection equipment.*
* The European Union (EU) does not have an equivalent to the International Code Council (ICC) occupancy classification system. Instead, the EU has its own set of regulations and standards for building safety and design, which vary by country.
The main regulatory framework for building safety in the EU is the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), which sets out requirements for construction products and materials that are placed on the market within the EU. The CPR is supported by national building codes and standards, which are developed and enforced by each member state.
In addition to the CPR, the EU has several directives and regulations related to building safety, such as the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Fire Safety of Buildings Directive (FSBD). These directives and regulations set out requirements for energy efficiency, fire safety, and other aspects of building design and construction.
Overall, while the EU does not have an occupancy classification system equivalent to the ICC, it has its own set of regulations and standards that aim to ensure building safety and design across its member states.
Abstract: A smart way to solve the common problem of conventional door-locking system is proposed using conventional lock key methodology and it can be cloned and used by anyone. The proposed system is to make a secure door lock security system with two factor authentications. The user has to use Radio Frequency Identification tag. The tag’s data will be saved in a database. When the tag is read by the Radio Frequency Identification reader, the user has to input a pass code. After the pass code is entered, the user will receive a One-time password on his mobile device to unlock the door. The biggest advantage of proposed system is that the introduction of two factor authentication to gain the access to the door, which makes it more secure.
Water standards make up a large catalog and it will take most of 2023 to untangle the titles, the topics, proposals, rebuttals and resolutions. When you read our claim that since 1993 we have created a new academic discipline we would present the best practice literature of the world’s water standards as just one example.
The Water 100 session takes an aerial view of relevant standards developers, their catalogs and revision schedules.
The Water 200 session we examine the literature for best practice inside buildings; premise water supply for food preparation, sanitation and energy systems.
The Water 300 session reviews standards covering athletic facilities such as swimming pools, therapeutic tubs, ice rinks and the like.
The Water 400 session will run through best practice catalogs of water management outside buildings, including interaction with regional water management systems.
The Water 500 session is a study of case histories, disasters, legal action related to non-conformance. Innovation.
Water safety and sustainability standards have been on the Standards Michigan agenda since the early 2000’s. Some of the concepts we have tracked over the years; and contributed data, comments and proposals to technical committees, are listed below:
Send bella@standardsmichigan.com an email to request a more detailed advance agenda. To join the conversation use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
“…To combat the challenges that plumbing designers face, the NIST report recommends that researchers address a plethora of questions, including how water is used in different types of buildings, how water flow and plumbing design affect water quality, what factors influence chemical reactions and bacterial growth in pipes, and how fast water quality declines in plumbing systems…”
Abstract: With the rapid deployment of smart technologies and the growing complexity in our modern society, there is a huge demand for coordination in day-to-day operation of the critical infrastructure networks. The coordination between water and electricity networks particularly stands out and is urgently demanding as (i) water system is one of the most energy-intensive critical infrastructure, and (ii) water unavailability, if experienced, swiftly translates into a health, safety, and national security concern. This paper proposes a comprehensive day-ahead optimization framework for joint operation of the interdependent power and water systems. Different from the conventional paradigms where the power and water systems are independently and individually operated by their respective operators, the proposed optimization framework integrates the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) models in power grids with innovative models of the water distribution systems. The nonlinear hydraulic operating constraints in the proposed optimization models are linearized, resulting into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model formulation. The proposed framework is applied to three 15-node water distribution systems, operated within the IEEE 9-bus test system. The simulation results demonstrate a significant cost saving that will be achieved when the proposed approach is applied for joint operation of power and water networks.
Blockchain and distributed ledger technology has the potential to improve building construction in several ways:
• Asset Tokenization: Some projects explore the idea of tokenizing real estate assets, including buildings, which can enable fractional ownership and increase liquidity in the real estate market.
• Supply chain management: Blockchain can be used to track building materials throughout the supply chain, from the manufacturer to the construction site. This can increase transparency and traceability, reduce fraud and counterfeiting, and improve quality control.
• Payment processing: Blockchain can be used to automate payment processing for construction projects, allowing for faster and more efficient payments that are verified through the blockchain. This can reduce payment disputes and delays and increase the speed of project completion.
• Smart contracts: Smart contracts can be used in building construction to automatically execute contractual obligations, such as making payments or releasing building plans when certain conditions are met. This can reduce the need for intermediaries and improve the efficiency of the construction process.
• Building maintenance and management: Blockchain can be used to create a decentralized database of building maintenance and management records, such as warranties, repair records, and energy usage. This can make it easier for building owners and managers to track and manage building maintenance, reducing downtime and costs.
• Decentralized project management: Blockchain can be used to create a decentralized platform for project management, allowing all stakeholders to have access to the same information and reducing the risk of miscommunication and errors.
ImmVRse is a blockchain-based platform that is being developed to help with the design and construction of educational facilities. The platform uses virtual reality to create 3D models of buildings, which can be used to identify potential design flaws and optimize construction plans. The platform also uses blockchain to track project progress, reduce disputes, and facilitate payments.
Solar DAO is a blockchain-based platform that is being developed to fund renewable energy projects, including solar energy systems for educational facilities. The platform allows investors to fund solar energy projects and receive dividends based on the amount of energy generated. The platform also uses blockchain to track project progress and verify energy generation.
Blockcerts is a blockchain-based platform that is being used for digital credentialing in education. The platform allows educational institutions to issue digital certificates and diplomas that are verified through the blockchain, making them more secure and tamper-proof.
Widespread adoption of these technologies will require collaboration and standardization within the industry.
Blockchain technology is among the most disruptive forces of the past decade. Its power to record, enable, and secure huge numbers and varieties of transactions raises an intriguing question: Can the same distributed ledger technology that powers bitcoin also enable better execution of strategic projects in a conservative sector like construction, involving large teams of contractors and subcontractors and an abundance of building codes, safety regulations, and standards?
“Increasingly, we are thinking more carefully about when and where we need to compete and what can we share and collaborate on,” said David Bowcott, global director of growth, innovation, and insight in Aon’s global construction and infrastructure group. Using blockchain to automate the contractual processes and paperwork underpinning these complex projects could save money, free up valuable resources, and speed up project delivery. (Unless otherwise noted, quotes are from interviews we conducted as part of our research.)
The Institution of Engineering and Technology is leading an inquiry into how the rapidly increasing reliance on digital technology, accelerated by the pandemic, may have a long-term impact on our social and economic wellbeing. A detailed prospectus is linked below
The consultation closed on January 20th but, as we do with many IET titles, we maintain the project on the standing agenda of our Infotech colloquia and our 4 times monthly collaboration with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee; all online gatherings open to everyone. You may communicate directly with Duncan Kenyon (duncankenyon@theiet.org) for additional information.
Issue: [20-288]
Category: Infotech, Telecommunications
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Mike Hiler, David Law
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
