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Note in the transcript above that the four proposals submitted by Standards Michigan relate to healthcare facilities. Code Panel 15 receives proposals for healthcare and assembly occupancy wiring safety concepts.

Marcel Jambon for an 1895 Paris production of Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello.

The standard of care for electrical system safety in dramatic art facilities in the education, and other industries, is largely established in Articles 518 through Article 540 of the National Electrical Code (NEC). In some instances, dramatic art activity takes place in athletic arenas so we are mindful of parent standards for assembly occupancies generally; found in Chapter 3 of the International Building Code.

Free public access to the current 2023edition of the NEC is linked below:

2023 National Electrical Code

Of particular interest is the “technical power system” found in Article 640: Audio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction Equipment.

Access to the International Building Code on “related” occupancies is linked below (Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification and Use):

2021 International Building Code

Note the imperfect correlation between the NFPA and ICC occupancy definitions. This never happens by design but is sometimes necessary. Some risk aggregations have to be understood as terms of art; to be understood by seasoned experts in context. Also, keep in mind that the NEC is a wiring installation safety code.

Proposals for revisions to assembly-related installations in the for 2023 is linked below:

NFPA 70 Public Input Report for 2023 Assembly Occupancies

Second Draft Report for all articles assigned to CMP-15

The so called “song and dance” sections of the NEC have been fairly “stable” in recent cycles. Changes to these articles in the NEC 2020 revision are incremental — i.e clarifications on grounding, wiring methods, cord wiring, illumination — and helpful for designers and inspectors. Nothing budget busting. Convergence of fire safety, mass notification, environmental air and visual experiences continues as once-independent technologies continue integration.

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in Europe and the Americas. See our CALENDAR for the next online teleconferences; open to everyone.

Issue: [Various]

Category: Sport, Electrical, Telecommunications, Fire Protection, Arts & Entertainment Facilities, Lively Art

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Matt Dozier, Jim Harvey

LEARN MORE:

BS 7827_2011 – Code of practice for designing, specifying, maintaining and operating emergency sound systems at sports venues

Requirements for Hybrid Media Production

Digital Content Production

Archive / Places of Assembly, Lecture Halls & Theaters

Arboreta

“On Holiday (Girl resting on the grass)” 1879 Kuznetsov Nikolai Dmitrievich

University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens

St. John’s University

University of Florida

Harvard University

Lunds universitet Scania

Swarthmore College Pennsylvania

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Anglo-americká vysoká škola, z.ú. Czech Republic

Michigan State University

University of the Ozarks

Freie Universität Berlin

Kent State University

Uniwersytet Warszawski

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Bard College / New York

Michigan State University Healing Garden

Japanese Garden | Normandale Community College Minnesota

东北师范大学 | Northeast Normal University | Changchun, Jilin, China

University of Michigan | Matthaei Botanical Gardens

Shenandoah University | Winchester, Virginia

Princeton University Secret Garden | Photo by Sarah Ly

King’s College | London, United Kingdom

École Normale Supérieure | Paris, France

Arizona Cactus Garden | Stanford University

Duke University / North Carolina

Oxford University

University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

University of Helsinki Botanical Garden

University of Notre Dame / South Bend, Indiana

University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway

Florida Tech Botanical Garden

University of Nottingham

Smith University Botanical Garden

Aarhus University | Denmark

High Point University | North Carolina

Universiteit Stellenbosch | Western Cape, South Africa

Louisiana State University

Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

Rutgers University

Great Court University of Queensland Australia

University of Oklahoma

Wageningen University | The Netherlands

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Bucolia 300

Trees

Nursery Stock

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2015: KRNU celebrates its 45th year of providing experience for young broadcasters

KRNU Expansion and Realignment

Radio 400

nothin like line dancing at work at 8am… I have the best internship!! @937TheTicket https://t.co/pfCdcPWYRa

— bella hogue (@bella_hogue) August 10, 2023

Congratulations to Luke McDermott — a junior political science, economics and history major and a first-generation college student — on being named a 2025 Truman Scholar! pic.twitter.com/luaocQt3l2

— University of Nebraska-Lincoln (@UNLincoln) April 18, 2025

Campus Landscape Vision and Site Standards

Readings / Frederick Law Olmsted

The Intersection of Design and Engineering

Fashion of the future: the Intersection of Design and Engineering

Fuzzy Logic in Personalized Garment Design

Standards New York

An abbreviated list of fashion and textile design schools and colleges in the United States:

Parsons School of Design, New York
Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT), New York
Pratt Institute, New York
Rhode Island School of Design, Providence
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD), Savannah, Atlanta, Hong Kong
California College of the Arts, San Francisco
Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles
Academy of Art University, San Francisco
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Drexel University, Philadelphia
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Boston
Columbia College Chicago, Chicago
School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis
Iowa State University, Ames
University of Georgia, Athens
University of North Texas, Denton

Keep in mind that academies, schools, colleges, universities and institutes serve different purposes within the structure of college or university, with schools being larger and more general in focus, while departments are smaller and more specialized in their areas of study.

In all cases, textiles present elevated chemical, fire, noise and physical hazard associated with textile-related machinery.

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Haystack Observatory

The Haystack Observatory is a research facility primarily focused on radio astronomy, geodesy, and atmospheric science research. Although WMBR and the Haystack Observatory are both associated with MIT, they serve distinct purposes; with WMBR focuses on providing a platform for student radio programming and community engagement in the Cambridge region.

The transmitter for student-run radio station, WMBR 88.1 FM, is located in the town of Belmont about 3 miles from campus; situated on a tower at 150 Pleasant Street in Belmont. This location allows WMBR’s signal to cover a significant portion of the greater Boston area, reaching listeners in Cambridge, Boston, and surrounding communities.

Water and Electricity

Supporting swimming pools with electricity involves various essential functions such as filtration, heating, lighting, and sanitation. Ensuring safety and energy efficiency is crucial, and pool owners can take steps to minimize electricity costs and environmental impact. Key points:

Filtration and Circulation: Swimming pools rely on electric pumps to circulate water through filters, removing debris and maintaining water quality.

Heating: Electric heaters or heat pumps are used to regulate water temperature for comfort, especially in colder seasons.

Lighting: Underwater and pool area lighting enhance safety and aesthetics, typically powered by electricity.

Chlorination and Sanitation: Electric chlorinators or ozone generators help maintain water cleanliness and hygiene.

Automation: Electric control systems enable pool owners to manage filtration, heating, and lighting remotely for convenience and energy efficiency.

Energy Efficiency: Pool owners can invest in energy-efficient equipment, like variable-speed pumps and LED lighting, to reduce electricity consumption and operating costs.

Operations and Maintenance: Regular electrical maintenance ensures safe and reliable pool operation, preventing electrical faults and hazards. The electricity cost for pool operation can be significant, so pool owners should consider energy-efficient practices and equipment to reduce expenses.

https://standardsmichigan.com/australia/

Education communities present one of the largest installed bases of artificially created bodies of water; the most abundance resource on earth. These bodies vary in size, purpose, and design but are all created by human intervention to serve specific needs, whether practical, recreational, or aesthetic. Safe and sustainable management of them in the Unite States are informed by best practice found in Article 680 of the National Electrical Code with scope statement below:

Construction and installation of electrical wiring for, and equipment in or adjacent to, all swimming, wading, therapeutic, and decorative pools; fountains; hot tubs; spas; and hydromassage bathtubs, whether permanently installed or storable, and to metallic auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, filters, and similar equipment.

Consultation on the First Draft of the 2026 revision closes August 24, 2024.