Dogs have been bred for a variety of purposes throughout history, including as working animals to support agriculture. Dogs have been bred for specific traits that make them well-suited to work on farms, such as intelligence, obedience, strength, and endurance*.
* Here are a few examples of how dogs were bred to support agriculture:
Herding dogs: Dogs such as the Border Collie, Australian Cattle Dog, and German Shepherd were bred to help farmers manage livestock by herding them from one place to another. These dogs have a natural instinct to gather and control herds of animals, and they can be trained to respond to a farmer’s commands.
Hunting dogs: Many breeds of dogs, such as the Labrador Retriever, were originally bred as hunting dogs to assist farmers with hunting game for food. These dogs have a keen sense of smell and are skilled at tracking and retrieving prey.
Guard dogs:Certain breeds of dogs, such as the Great Pyrenees, were bred to protect livestock from predators such as wolves and bears. These dogs are fiercely protective of their flock and will guard them from any perceived threat.
Draft dogs: Some large breeds of dogs, such as the Bernese Mountain Dog and the Saint Bernard, were bred to pull carts and wagons on farms. These dogs are strong and muscular and can move heavy loads across long distances.
Overall, dogs have been bred for centuries to support agriculture in a variety of ways. Their intelligence, loyalty, and hardworking nature have made them invaluable assets to farmers and have helped to shape the course of human history.
“We have art in order not to perish from the Truth”
— Friedrich Nietzsche
We occasionally break from our focus on the technology and management of these “cities-within-cities” and dwell briefly on the primary business of the academy. Academic museums and galleries provide a setting for conveying inherited wisdom to the next generation of cultural leaders. We include in this gallery examples of architectural art of the buildings themselves. Click on images for more artist and location credit. Technical information about safety and sustainability of this facility class appears at the bottom of this page.
“Street Scene, Christmas Morning” 1982 Frederick Childe Hassam | Smith College Museum of Art
“The Prairie is My Garden” | Harvey Dunn (1884-1952) | South Dakota State University Art Museum
“La Débâcle or Les Glaçons” (1880) | Claude Monet | University of Michigan Museum of Art
Harvard University Art Museum | “Thatched-Roof Cottage by a Lake” | Myles Birket Foster (1825 – 1899)
“The Fall of Novgorod” (1891) / Klaudii Vasilievich Lebedev / University of Wiscosin Chazen Museum of Art
“Dancer” c. 1923 José Miguel Covarrubias Duclaud | Museum of Art & Archeology University of Missouri
Brigham University Museum of Art | “Crossing the Mississippi on the Ice” | C.C.A. Christensen (1878)
Self-portrait, 1919 Amedeo Modigliani /Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo
Princeton University Art Museum | “Shinnecock, Long Island” | William Merritt Chase (1896)
Georgetown University Museum of Art | “Fujiyama from Kawaibashi, at Tokaido” (circa 1880) | Kusakabe Kimbei
“Volcanic Cones” 1934 Maynard Dixon | Brigham Young University
University of Virginia Museum of Art | “The Natural Bridge, Virginia” | Frederic Edwin Church (1852)
Colby College Museum of Art | “Frankie and Johnny” | Alex Katz (1948-1949)
Bowdoin College Museum of Art | View on the Hudson | George Inness
University of Vienna Ceiling Paintings (Medicine)
Princeton University Art Museum | “Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge” | Claude Monet (1899)
Dinastía Qing / Penn University Museum
Yale University Art Museum | “Young Woman and Child | Berthe Morisot (1966)
Princeton University Art Museum | “Mount Adams, Washington” | Albert Bierstadt (1875)
Michigan State University | Broad Art Museum
“Piazza San Marco with the Basilica by Canaletto, 1730” / Harvard University Art Museum
“Boathouses and Lobster Pots” | Fairfield Porter | Amherst College Art Museum
Harvard University | In the Sierras, Lake Tahoe (Albert Bierstadt)
Stanford University Art Museum
“Indians Playing Lacrosse on the Ice” 1934 Yale University Art Gallery
Stanford University | “The Burghers of Calais” by Auguste Rodin
University of Texas | Indians of the Northwest (Thomas Hill)
Arizona State University Art Museum
Yale University | The Battle of Bunker Hill (John Trumbull)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti | La Pia de Tolomei | University of Kansas Art Museum
“Temple, Fountain and Cave in Sezincote Park” | Thomas Daniell (1819) | Yale Center for British Art
From time to time we break from our interest in lowering the cost of our “cities-within-cities” to enjoy the work of our colleagues responsible for seasonal ambience and public art. We have a dedicated post that celebrates the accomplishments of our gardeners and horticultural staff. Today we dedicate a post to campus fountains–a focal point for gathering and a place for personal reflection for which there is no price.
Alas, we find a quickening of standards developing organizations growing their footprint in the spaces around buildings now. They used to confine the scopes of their standardization enterprises to the building envelope. That day will soon be behind us as an energized cadre of water rights social justice workers, public safety, sustainability and energy conservation professionals descend upon campus fountains with prescriptive requirements for evaporation rates, bromine concentrations, training, certification and inspections. In other words regulators and conformity functionaries will outnumber benefactors and fountain designers 1 million to 1.
We will deal with all that when the day comes. For the moment, let’s just enjoy them.
We are happy to walk you through the relevant structural, water safety, plumbing and electrical issues any day at 11 AM EST during our daily standing online teleconferences. Click on any image for author attribution, photo credit or other information.
Purdue University
The Great Court at Trinity College, Cambridge
Regent University
University of Washington
Hauptgebäude der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Bayern, Deutschland
College of the Desert / Palm Desert, California
California Institute of Technology
Berry College
Utah Valley University
Universitat d’Alacant / Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain
“303.1.4: Accessory religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums with occupant loads less than 100 per room or space are not considered separate occupancies.” This informs how fire protection systems are designed.
“305.2.1: Rooms and spaces within places of worship proving such day care during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy.” This group includes building and structures or portions thereof occupied by more than five children older than 2-1/2 years of age who receive educational, supervision or personal care services for fewer than 24 hours per day.
“308.5.2: Rooms and spaces within places of religious worship providing [Group I-4 Day Care Facilities] during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy. When [Group I-4 Day Care Facilities] includes buildings and structures occupied by more than five persons of any age who receive custodial care for fewer than 24 hours per day by persons other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person cared for.
Tricky stuff — and we haven’t even included conditions under which university-affiliated places of worship may expected to be used as community storm shelters.
Public response to Committee Actions taken in Orlando in April will be received until July 8th.
Because standard development tends to be a backward-looking domain it is enlightening to understand the concepts in play in previous editions. The complete monograph of proposals for new building safety concepts for places of worship for the current revision cycle is linked below:
A simple search on the word “worship” will reveal what ideas are in play. With the Group B Public Comment Hearings now complete ICC administered committees are now curating the results for the Online Governmental Consensus Vote milestone in the ICC process that was completed December 6th. Status reports are linked below:
A quick review of the appeals statements reveals some concern over process, administration and technical matters but none of them directly affect how leading practice for places of worship is asserted.
We are happy to get down in the weeds with facility professionals on other technical issues regarding other occupancy classes that are present in educational communities. See our CALENDAR for next Construction (Ædificare) colloquium open to everyone.
The authorship of the hymn “What Wondrous Love Is This?” is unknown, and it is believed to be a traditional American folk hymn that emerged in the early 19th century. The hymn is sometimes attributed to American composer and music educator William Walker, who included it in his songbook “Southern Harmony” in 1835. It has become a beloved hymn in many Christian traditions, particularly during the season of Lent and Holy Week, as it helps worshippers reflect on the depth and meaning of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
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