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LSU

King’s Cake

Standards Louisiana

Snow Load

SNOW LOADS: GUIDE TO THE SNOW LOAD PROVISIONS OF ASCE 7-10

Library of Congress 2010 Edition


 

Maslenitsa “Pancake Week”

University of Michigan: Celebrating Maslenitsa | Michigan State University: South Slavs in Michigan

Chicago Tribune: Russians Turn Great Lakes Area Into Another Baltic Sea

University of Michigan Slavic Languages & Literatures

Marquette University: A History of Slavic Studies in the United States 


Midwestern Universities with the largest Slavic-American Communities:

Related:

Polska

How to Care for Horses in the Winter

 

“No hour of life is wasted that is spent in the saddle.”
— Winston Churchill

 

Utah

Gulliver’s Travels

…”The curiosity and impatience of my master were so great, that he spent many hours of his leisure to instruct me. He was convinced (as he afterwards told me) that I must be a Yahoo, but my teachableness, civility and cleanliness, astonished him; which were qualities altogether opposite to those animals…”

 

Rewind: Animals 100

The St. Scholastica’s Day Riot

St. Louis Public Radio: How Lance Geiger became a YouTube star with ‘The History Guy’

Lorem ipsum

Heat Transfer

Outdoor Deicing & Snow Melting

Electrical Safety

“Snow at Argenteuil” | Claude Monet (1875)

Today our focus turns to outdoor electric deicing and snow melting wiring systems identified as suitable for the environment and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.  They work silently to keep snow load from caving in roofs and icicles falling from gutters onto pedestrian pathways.

While the voltage and ampere requirement of the product itself is a known characteristic, the characteristic 0f the wiring pathway — voltage, ampere, grounding, short circuit, disconnect and control — is relatively more complicated and worthy of our attention.   Articles 426-427 of the National Electrical Code is the relevant part of the NEC

Free Access 2023 National Electrical Code

Insight into the ideas running through technical committee deliberations is provided by a review of Panel 17 transcripts:

2023 NEC Panel 17 Public Input Report (633 pages)

2023 NEC Panel 17 Public Comment Report (190 pages)

We hold Articles 427 in the middle of our priority ranking for the 2023 NEC.   We find that the more difficult issues for this technology is the determination of which trade specifies these systems — architectural, electrical, or mechanical; covered in previous posts.   Instead, most of our time will be spent getting IEEE consensus products in step with it, specifically ANSI/IEEE 515 and IEEE 844/CSA 293.

Comments on the Second Draft of the 2026 NEC will be received until April 18th.

…

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We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facility Committee which meets online 4 times per month in European and American time zones.  Since a great deal of the technical basis for the NEC originates with the IEEE we will also collaborate with IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 18 whose members are charged by the IEEE Standards Association to coordinate NFPA and IEEE consensus products.

https://websites.umich.edu/~jensenl/visuals/album/lawquad/https://standardsmichigan.com/indiana/

Issue: [19-151]

Category: Electrical, Energy

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard, Jose Meijer

LEARN MORE:

IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Commercial Applications

844.2/CSA C293.2-2017 – IEEE/CSA Standard for Skin Effect Trace Heating of Pipelines, Vessels, Equipment, and Structures–Application Guide for Design, Installation, Testing, Commissioning, and Maintenance

 

Town Gas

Brought to You by Howard: Alice H. Parker’s historic patent of the gas heater warms the world

Different Trends in Worldwide Natural Gas Distribution Market Outlook: Ken Research

 

Historically, “Town Gas” referred to a manufactured gaseous fuel, primarily produced from coal, that was supplied to homes and businesses in towns and cities for heating and lighting purposes.   We use it as a general term for a manufactured gas distributed through educational settlements because of its cleaner and safer properties.   Among them:

  • Heating and Cooling – Most settlements use natural gas to power boilers and furnaces for heating buildings during cold months. It also fuels absorption chillers for air conditioning in warmer seasons.

  • Electricity Generation – Settlements with cogeneration (combined heat and power) plants use natural gas to produce electricity while capturing waste heat for heating, improving energy efficiency.

  • Cooking Facilities – Dining halls rely on natural gas for precise and reliable cooking, making meal preparation efficient.

  • Laboratories and Research – Science and engineering labs use natural gas for Bunsen burners, sterilization, and other experimental applications requiring controlled flames.

  • Hot Water Supply – Dormitories, gyms, and other campus facilities use natural gas water heaters to provide a continuous supply of hot water for showers, washing, and sanitation.

  • Transportation – Some universities operate shuttle buses and service vehicles on compressed natural gas (CNG), reducing emissions and fuel costs.

  • Emergency Backup Power – Natural gas generators provide backup power during outages, ensuring critical systems, like research labs and data centers, remain operational.

     

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Safety and Sustainability Bibliography:

International Standards:

ISO 13686 – Specifies the quality of natural gas for use in various applications.

ISO 14001 – Provides environmental management standards for reducing the environmental impact of natural gas operations.

ISO 50001 – Energy management system standard for improving energy efficiency, including natural gas usage.

IEC 60079 – Covers explosive atmospheres, ensuring safety in handling natural gas in industrial settings.

OHSAS 18001 (now ISO 45001) – Occupational health and safety standards for workplaces dealing with natural gas.

IPCC Guidelines – International standards for measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas operations.

U.S. Standards:

Natural Gas Transmission & Distribution

49 CFR Part 192 – Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations, governing natural gas pipeline transportation.

EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) – Requires natural gas facilities to report emissions data.

ANSI/GPTC Z380.1, Guide for Gas Transmission, Distribution, and Gathering Piping Systems

NFPA 54 (National Fuel Gas Code) – Covers safe installation and use of natural gas in buildings.

NFPA 58 – Safety regulations for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), including storage and handling.

ASME B31.8 – Pipeline safety code for natural gas transmission and distribution.

Clean Air Act (CAA) – Regulates air emissions from natural gas production and consumption.

California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) – Encourages sustainable fuel alternatives, including renewable natural gas (RNG).

State of Michigan Technical Standards for Gas Service

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission: Natural Gas Policies

Schools, Colleges, Universities, Hospitals (Educational Settlements)

University of Michigan Design Guidelines

 

Related:

Inglenook

Safety Code for Dry Martinis

“Martini Bar” 2013 Amy Giacomelli

CLICK COVER IMAGE

 

More:

Students’ drinking behavior and perceptions towards introducing alcohol policies on university campus in Denmark: A focus group study

Stanford University: Alcohol policies at American universities

What Is A Standard Drink?

Industrial electroheating and electromagnetic processing

The global standards for heat tracing systems are developed by IEC Technical Committee 27.  The scope of work for this committee is reproduced below:

Standardization in the field of industrial equipment and installations intended for electroheating, electromagnetic processing of materials and electroheat based treatment technologies Note: The scope of interest covers industrial installations with the use of the following equipment: – equipment for direct and indirect resistance heating; – equipment for electric resistance trace heating; – equipment for induction heating; – equipment using the effect of EM forces on materials; – equipment for arc heating, including submerged arc heating; – equipment for electroslag remelting; – equipment for plasma heating; – equipment for microwave heating; – equipment for dielectric heating; – equipment for electron beam heating; – equipment for laser heating; – equipment for infrared radiation heating. The list presents typical examples of equipment and its applications and is not exhaustive.

CLICK HERE for the link to the TC 27 Strategic Business Plan

Titles in this committee’s bibliography appears to be stable.   As with all IEC titles, they are relatively narrow in scope compared with the titles promulgated by most US standards developing organizations.  Our interest lies primarily in the application of this technology within and around education community buildings.

While heat tracing generally goes un-noticed it is an essential part of cold weather safety.  It is wise to keep pace with its evolution with innovation in materials and controls with the lead.

We maintain this committee’s work on the standing agenda of our seasonal Snow & Ice colloquia; along with US standards developed by UL, IEEE, NEMA, NFPA, ICC, ASHRAE and a few others.  We also collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee on this topic.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

"A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for." -- John A. Shedd

 

Issue [18-332]

Category: Electrical

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Lorne Clark, Jim Harvey

 

 

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