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First Day of School

Donegan Acoustics

Today we take a cross cutting review of all the literature (codes, standards, guidelines, laws) that informs safe and sustainability occupancy load, means of egress, illumination, ambient air, plumbing, electric, communication and acoustics in classrooms.

Keen on your thoughts… https://t.co/IqI87vuVTz
And I’d love to see your classroom layout/displays if you want to share! Tag with #CanvasForThought pic.twitter.com/qZwxAaa6jm

— 𝗗𝗿 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗦𝘄𝗮𝗶𝗻 (@NathanielRSwain) July 17, 2024

1. Building Codes

International Building Code (IBC): Adopted by most states, it provides guidelines for the design and construction of buildings, including schools.
International Existing Building Code (IEBC): Provides standards for the renovation and repair of existing school buildings.
State and Local Building Codes: Many states and municipalities have additional or modified codes that must be followed.

2. Fire and Life Safety Codes

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes:
- NFPA 101: Life Safety Code – Sets requirements for egress, fire protection, and emergency planning.
- NFPA 13: Installation of Sprinkler Systems – Specifies standards for automatic fire sprinkler systems.
- NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code – Covers fire alarm system installation and maintenance.
- NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) – Outlines electrical wiring standards to prevent fire hazards.

3. Accessibility Standards

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA):
- ADA Standards for Accessible Design – Ensures that school facilities are accessible to individuals with disabilities.
Architectural Barriers Act (ABA): Requires accessibility in buildings constructed with federal funds.

4. Environmental and Health Standards

- ASHRAE 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
- ASHRAE 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.ASHRAE Standards

Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations:
- EPA Lead and Asbestos Regulations: Governs the handling of lead and asbestos in school buildings.
- EPA’s Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools: Provides guidelines to manage air quality.

5. Structural Standards

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):
- ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures.
American Concrete Institute (ACI):
- ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.

6. Plumbing and Mechanical Codes

International Plumbing Code (IPC): Provides guidelines for plumbing system design and installation.
International Mechanical Code (IMC): Sets standards for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

7. Electrical Standards

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards: Includes various electrical safety and installation standards relevant to school facilities.

8. Educational Specifications and Guidelines

Council of Educational Facility Planners International (CEFPI) Guidelines: Provides best practices for school design that promote effective learning environments.
State-Specific Educational Specifications: Many states have their own guidelines for the design of educational facilities to meet state-specific educational needs.

9. Safety and Security Standards

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Guidelines: Suggests design strategies to enhance security in school environments.
School Safety and Security Standards (state-specific): Some states have additional requirements for school security measures.

10. Sustainable Design Standards

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) for Schools: Provides a framework for building green and energy-efficient schools.
Green Building Initiative (GBI) Standards: Focuses on sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.

11. Maintenance Standards

International Property Maintenance Code (IPMC): Provides guidelines for the maintenance of buildings, ensuring they remain safe and functional over time.

12. Other Relevant Standards

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Guidelines: Provides standards for building schools in disaster-prone areas (e.g., tornadoes, earthquakes).
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards: Ensures workplace safety, including in schools, covering areas like chemical safety, electrical safety, and more.

Local Considerations

Local Zoning Laws and Ordinances: Schools must also comply with local land use regulations, which may affect building placement, size, and use.

Classroom Acoustics

Another public jubilation pic.twitter.com/dmQc6IBVbK

— Chelsea Finest💙💙😍 (@finest_che2325) July 20, 2024

Blessing of the Backpacks

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Before the Harvest

WILLAG.ORG RADIO | AM 580

Wheaton College Illinois

Illinois

County Fair

Coconut Cold Brew

Standards North Carolina

2023 Financial Report & Audit | $1.092B

The United States Food and Drug Administration and the National Coffee Association recommended standard temperature for safe hot coffee is around 160°F to 165°F (71°C to 74°C). This temperature range is considered hot enough to be enjoyable while minimizing the risk of scalding or burning.

These agencies do not have specific regulations or guidelines solely dedicated to cold brew coffee. However, there are general principles and best practices for handling and storing perishable food products that can be applied to cold brew coffee to ensure safety.*

Cold brew coffee typically requires more time to prepare than traditional hot brew coffee. While hot brew coffee can be made in just a few minutes, cold brew coffee is made by steeping coffee grounds in cold water for an extended period of time, usually between 12 to 24 hours.

The longer steeping time allows the coffee to extract more slowly and results in a smoother, less acidic coffee concentrate. After steeping, the coffee grounds are usually filtered out and the resulting concentrate can be diluted with water, milk, or other liquids and served over ice.

While cold brew coffee does require more time to prepare, many coffee drinkers prefer its smoother, less bitter taste and lower acidity compared to hot brewed coffee. Additionally, the longer shelf life of cold brew coffee concentrate makes it a popular choice for those who like to prepare coffee in advance and have it ready to drink throughout the day.

Triggernometry

The Sacred Myths of Liberalism | Eric Kaufman (University of Buckingham)

Elon University Facilities Management

Coffee

We cover the technical standards applicable to small to medium sized coffee preparation installations in a cross-cutting way during our Kitchens 200 colloquium.

Relevant IEEE Research:

COVID-19 pandemic affected on coffee beverage decision and consumers’ behavior

Quality-Anomaly Identification in Liquid-Coffee Vending Machines Through Electrical Current Waveforms and Olfactory Data

Using Digital Marketing to Enhance Sustainability in The Coffee Business

* These recommendations are based on general food safety practices:

Water quality: Start with clean, potable water to brew your cold brew coffee. Make sure the water source is safe and free from contaminants.

Brewing process: Follow good manufacturing practices and ensure that your brewing equipment and utensils are clean and sanitized. Cold brew coffee is typically brewed using room temperature or cold water over an extended period. Ensure that the brewing container is properly sealed and protected from any potential sources of contamination.

Filtration: After the brewing process, filter the cold brew coffee to remove any sediment or particles. This can be done using a fine-mesh sieve or a dedicated filtration system.

Storage: Store the cold brew coffee in a clean, airtight container in the refrigerator. This helps to inhibit the growth of bacteria and maintain the quality of the coffee. Cold brew coffee can typically be stored for a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the specific recipe and preparation method.

Temperature control: Keep the cold brew coffee refrigerated at a temperature below 41°F (5°C) to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.

Serve safely: When serving cold brew coffee, use clean and sanitized utensils, containers, and dispensing equipment to avoid cross-contamination. If you add any additional ingredients like milk or sweeteners, ensure that they are stored properly and do not exceed their recommended storage times.

United State Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel

Academy Facilities

What Are Harvard Students Wearing?

Gallery: Move-In

Christchurch School Virginia

Remembering the Rain

Rosh Hashanah

Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, is a time for festive meals and traditional foods that carry symbolic meanings. Some common foods served during Rosh Hashanah include:

Apples and Honey: This combination symbolizes the hope for a sweet year ahead. Apples are dipped in honey and eaten as a blessing for a sweet and fruitful year.
Challah: Challah is a special braided bread traditionally eaten on Shabbat and holidays, including Rosh Hashanah. On this occasion, the challah is sometimes shaped into a round to symbolize the cycle of the year.
Pomegranates: Pomegranates are another symbol of sweetness and fertility because of their many seeds. They are often eaten or their juice is used as a symbolic part of the meal.
Round Foods: Many of the foods served are round to symbolize the cycle of the year. This includes round challah, as mentioned above, as well as foods like round gefilte fish.
Honey Cake: Honey cake is a sweet dessert made with honey and spices, often served as a symbol of a sweet year.
Tzimmes: Tzimmes is a sweet, slow-cooked dish made from carrots and sometimes sweet potatoes or prunes. It represents the hope for a sweet and prosperous year.
Fish: Fish, particularly the head of a fish, is often served, symbolizing the desire to be “the head” and not “the tail” in the coming year.
Leeks and Gourds: In some traditions, leeks and gourds are eaten, and their names in Hebrew sound similar to the words for “destroy” and “annihilate,” symbolizing the hope that enemies will be removed in the new year.
Black-Eyed Peas: In some Jewish communities, particularly Sephardic Jews, black-eyed peas are eaten for luck on Rosh Hashanah.
Wine: Wine is traditionally used for blessings during the meal, and it’s common to make a special blessing over a cup of wine called “Kiddush.”

These are just some of the traditional foods served during Rosh Hashanah. The exact dishes and customs can vary among Jewish communities and families, but the overall theme is to wish for a sweet, happy, and prosperous new year.