PageWinter Archives - Page 2 of 3

Hot chocolate vs. hot cocoa

Why Does The Modern World Make No Sense?

“…Hot cocoa and hot chocolate are terms that we often used interchangeably. Technically, hot cocoa and hot chocolate are as different as milk chocolate and bittersweet chocolate. Hot cocoa is made with cocoa powder, the way my mother made it when I was a kid. Hot chocolate is made from melting chocolate bars into cream…”

Plant science at your dinner table: Hot chocolate vs. hot cocoa

How to make the chemically perfect hot chocolate

Milk

Winter Vegetable Soup

Oklahoma Gardening

Standards Oklahoma

Curling

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Winter Week 4 | January 22 – 28

“Im tiefen Winter” 1923 | Richard Freiherr von Drasche-Wartinberghttps://t.co/m7Yd9fKKr7 pic.twitter.com/U6Zd0P1k0H

— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) January 24, 2024

Monday | January 22 | Colloquium 16:00 UTC

மொழி

“Bohemian Rhapsody” sing-along at Rud (Hauger, Norway) Senior High School
print(“Lunch Hour 1600 UTC”)\n weekday(2)https://t.co/foJEWwNjYL https://t.co/5EeolHtBhy https://t.co/oy5dk4olHF pic.twitter.com/ky7IfIC2Dy

— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) October 4, 2023

Tuesday| January 23 | Colloquium 16:00 UTC

Health 400

Wednesday | January 24 | Colloquium 16:00 UTC

Acoustics

The Acoustical Society of America with some great advice on the acoustic design of lobbies and entrance halls: https://t.co/IrPZSvSaO9 pic.twitter.com/uZsBGwnyGN

— Husht Acoustics (@HushtAcoustics) October 5, 2018

Thursday | January 25 | Colloquium 16:00 UTC

Pathways 100

Friday | January 26 | Colloquium 16:00 UTC

Winter Sport

Saturday | January 27

Sunday | January 28

Occupant-Based HVAC Thermal Setpoints

Occupant-based HVAC Set Point Interventions for Energy Savings in Buildings

Dimas Ardiyanto

PT PLN (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia

Manisa Pipattanasomporn & Saifur Rahman

Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA, USA

Nanang Hariyanto & Suwarno

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract: Energy savings and occupant thermal comfort are the two most important factors in controlling heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) operation in buildings. Typically, it is found that thermal comfort is not always met in buildings. Hence, there is still an opportunity to improve indoor thermal comfort, and at the same time save energy by controlling HVAC set points. The objective of this paper is to propose a method to obtain energy savings by adjusting HVAC set points based on occupant comfort measured using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and occupancy information. The idea is to calculate hourly PMV values based on real-time occupancy information, indoor temperature set points and humidity in a building. Then, a new set of temperature set points that can maintain occupant comfort, i.e., PMV = 0, is derived. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a building model is developed in eQUEST using the information from a real-world building located in Alexandria, VA. Research findings indicate that HVAC electrical consumption savings of 14.58% is achieved when the proposed set point adjustment method is implemented as compared to that of the base case. To study the impact of adding occupancy information on HVAC energy savings, another scenario is simulated where HVAC set point is increased when the building is unoccupied, e.g., during lunchtime or holidays. Research findings indicate that additional HVAC electrical consumption savings of 8.79% is achieved when taking into account occupancy information in HVAC control.

Document Sections

I. Introduction

II. PMV as an Index for Thermal Comfort

III. Experiment Set Up To Capture Occupancy Information

IV. Building Model Development in Equest

V. Energy Savings From Comfort Adjustment And Occupancy Information

CLICK HERE for ordering Information for this article

Heat Tracing Installation

“Vue de toits (effet de neige)” 1878 Gustave Caillebotte

One of the core documents for heat tracing is entering a new 5-year revision cycle; a consensus standard that is especially relevant this time of year because of the personal danger and property damage that is possible in the winter months. Education communities depend upon heat tracing for several reasons; just a few of them listed below:

Ice damming in roof gutters that can cause failure of roof and gutter structural support
Piping systems for sprinkler systems and emergency power generation equipment
Sidewalk, ramp and stairway protection

IEEE 515 Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Industrial Applications is one of several consensus documents for trace heating technology. Its inspiration originates in the petrochemical industry but its principles apply to all education facilities exposed to cold temperature and snow. From its prospectus:

This standard provides requirements for the testing, design,installation, and maintenance of electrical resistance trace heating in general industries as applied to pipelines, vessels, pre-traced and thermally insulated instrument tubing and piping, and mechanical equipment. The electrical resistance trace heating is in the form of series trace heaters, parallel trace heaters, and surface heating devices. The requirements also include test criteria to determine the suitability of these heating devices utilized in unclassified (ordinary) locations.

Its principles can, and should be applied with respect to other related documents:

National Electrical Code Article 427

NECA 202 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Industrial Heat Tracing Systems

IEC 62395 Electrical resistance trace heating systems for industrial and commercial applications

ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Lowell House / Harvard University

We are happy to explain the use of this document in design guidelines and/or construction specifications during any of our daily colloquia. We generally find more authoritative voices in collaborations with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times per month in Europe and in the Americas. We maintain this title on the standing agenda of our Snow & Ice colloquia. See our CALENDER for the next online meeting.

Issue: [18-331]

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard

Category: Electrical, #SmartCampus

LEARN MORE:

Good Building Practice for Northern Facilities

Electrical Heat Tracing:International Harmonization Now and in the Future, IEEE Industry Standards Magazine, May/June 2002 pages 50-56

Church heating: Comparison of different strategies

Politecnico di Milano

Church heating: Comparison of different strategies

N. Aste. et al

Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano

Abstract: Church heating represents a challenging task because multiple goals have to be fulfilled simultaneously, such as the thermal comfort for the occupants and the optimal internal environmental conditions for the preservation of building components and artworks. In addition, current requirements for environmental and economic sustainability impose to make efforts to minimize the amount of energy needed and the consequent environmental/economic impact. In this context, the present work represents the assessment of the energy, environmental and economic impact of different strategies for church heating, including a novel technology based on the exploitation of renewable energies. The analysis was carried out in a real case-study building, represented by the Basilica di S. Maria di Collemaggio (L’Aquila, Italy), a church of worldwide relevance, currently under restoration.