PageWK1 Archives - Page 2 of 2 - Standards Michigan

Dynamic Exit Signs

Dynamic exit signs are a type of emergency exit signage that uses active illumination and changes in light to draw attention to the nearest exit in case of an emergency. Unlike traditional exit signs that use static or passive lighting to indicate exit locations, dynamic exit signs incorporate lighting systems that respond to specific environmental conditions or power outages, which can help to guide people to safety more efficiently.

There are several types of dynamic exit signs, including:

Photoluminescent exit signs: These signs absorb and store light energy from ambient sources, such as room lighting or sunlight, and then glow brightly in the dark when the power goes out.
LED exit signs: These signs use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to create animated or flashing signs that can better catch people’s attention.
Electroluminescent exit signs: These signs use electrically charged phosphors to produce a bright, uniform light source that can be more visible in low-light or smoke-filled environments.

Overall, dynamic exit signs are designed to enhance visibility and guide people to safety during an emergency, and they can be an important part of an overall emergency preparedness plan.

More

International Building Code: Chapter 10 Means of Egress

Life Safety Code: Chapter 7 Means of Egress

National Electrical Code: Article 700 Emergency Systems

Life Safety Code

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Wiring Fire Prevention in Hospitals

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli / Rome, Italy

Localized fire ignition hazard in branch circuits, cords and connected equipment

Giuseppe Parise – Luigi Parise

Electrical Engineering Department, Sapienza Università di Roma

Paolo Nicolucci

Italian National Fire Department

Abstract. In electrical power systems, the fire ignition can be originated by incident energy of faults. Faults involve overheating, arcing and burning for all the wiring exposed to mechanical damage and other insulation stresses especially wiring connected by flexible cords and cables. The mechanical damage of the stranded bare conductors can degrade the effective sizing of the total cross section, causing anomalous conditions of local overcurrent. To highlight the local incident energy in case of fault, the parameters steady current and transient current densities can assist in analyzing the event. The conductors size reduction, degrading locally the thermal withstand capability, makes ineffective the protection coordination amplifying the anomalous effect of current no detectable adequately by overcurrent protective devices. The faulted cords remain so energized and present electric shock and fire hazards. Generally and especially in strategic buildings as hospitals, preventing ignition is better than promptly extinguishing. An efficient protection can be achieved by integration of active and passive techniques : by adoption of the special device Arc-fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) that recognize the arcing; by wiring the circuits, particularly extension cords, with Ground-Fault-Forced Cables, GFFCs, that convert faults into ground faults easily protected by ground fault protective devices (GFPDs).

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli / Rome, Italy

Wayfinding

Modelling and Simulation Wayfinding in Unfamiliar Campus Environment

Designing digital signage for better wayfinding performance: New visitors’ navigating campus of university

Emergency Evacuation From a Teaching Building Based on The Social Force Model

Research on Population Size Forecasting Method for Emergency Evacuation at School

Next-Generation “EXIT” Signs to Save Lives

Evolutionary Game of Emergency Evacuation After an Earthquake at a University: How to Promote Orderly Evacuation

An IoT-based Emergency Evacuation System

Evaluation of a high efficiency boost stage to supply a permanent LED emergency lighting system

GoFAST: A Group-Based Emergency Guiding System with Dedicated Path Planning for Mobile Users Using Smartphones

Mobility-Aware and Congestion-Relieved Dedicated Path Planning for Group-Based Emergency Guiding Based on Internet of Things Technologies

Wayfinding Behavior Detection by Smartphone

Human Behavior During Emergency Evacuation: Cell Transmission Model

Almawhere 2.0: a pervasive system to facilitate indoor wayfinding

Managing egress of crowd during infrastructure disruption

A Fuzzy-Theory-Based Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation From a Multiple-Exit Room

Emergency exit sign detection system for visually impaired people

Evacuating Routes in Indoor-Fire Scenarios with Selection of Safe Exits on Known and Unknown Buildings Using Machine Learning

Exits choice based on cellular automaton model for pedestrians’ evacuation

Computer aided architectural design: Wayfinding complexity analysis

Using space syntax to understand knowledge acquisition and wayfinding in indoor environments

Wayfinding by auditory cues in virtual environments

Computer Vision Method in Means of Egress Obstruction Detection

Map Displays And Landmark Effects On Wayfinding In Unfamiliar Environments

Informing the design of an automated wayfinding system for individuals with cognitive impairments

Virtual Reality to Study Pedestrian Wayfinding: Motivations and an Experiment on Usability

AR-enabled wayfinding kiosk

Research on the terrain cognition in small-scale environment

A comparison study of stationary and mobile eye tracking on EXITs design in a wayfinding system

CityGuide: A Seamless Indoor-Outdoor Wayfinding System for People With Vision Impairments

Poster: Evaluation of Wayfinding Aid Techniques in Multi-Level Virtual Environments

Automatic Optimization of Wayfinding Design

Implementing game artificial intelligence to decision making of agents in emergency egress

Navigating MazeMap: Indoor human mobility, spatio-logical ties and future potential

Energy conservation from retrofit ‘exit‘ sign in public premises

Signs, Signs, Signs

Our first impression of a community is its visual environment, which is reflected from the pretty integration of the built and natural forms. Visual pollution is defined as the whole of irregular formations that are unattractive and affects people’s ability to enjoy or appreciate the view and vista. Anything that interferes with the “pretty scenes” and other distortion may become a cause of visual pollution. With the rapid increase of population world widebuilding sector became the major source of visual pollution especially in the city center.

Join us today when we sweep through the surprisingly large catalog of titles devoted to signage. We will borrow from our previous coverage of pathway standards. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Pathways 100

Visual Pollution

Noteworthy court cases involving signage on colleges and universities:

Widmar v. Vincent (1981): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their religious or political beliefs, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a school district’s ban on wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The court held that students have a First Amendment right to express their views through symbols and signs, as long as it does not disrupt the educational environment.
Healy v. James (1972): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that colleges and universities cannot impose a prior restraint on student speech, including the display of signs, unless there is a clear and present danger of imminent violence or disruption.
Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995): In this Supreme Court case, the court held that public universities cannot discriminate against student groups based on their viewpoint, including the display of signs or other expressive activities.
Texas v. Johnson (1989): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a Texas law that prohibited the desecration of the American flag. The court held that flag burning is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment, including on college and university campuses.

Court cases involving municipal signage:

Reed v. Town of Gilbert (2015): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to the town of Gilbert, Arizona’s sign code, which regulated the size, location, and duration of signs based on their content. The court held that the sign code was a content-based restriction on speech and therefore subject to strict scrutiny.
City of Ladue v. Gilleo (1994): In this Supreme Court case, the court struck down a municipal ordinance that banned the display of signs on residential property, except for signs that fell within specific exemptions. The court held that the ban was an unconstitutional restriction on the freedom of speech.
Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego (1981): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a San Diego ordinance that banned off-premises advertising signs while allowing on-premises signs. The court held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional restriction on free speech, as it discriminated against certain types of speech.
City of Ladue v. Center for the Study of Responsive Law, Inc. (1980): In this Supreme Court case, the court upheld a municipal ordinance that prohibited the display of signs on public property, but only if the signs were posted for longer than 10 days. The court held that the ordinance was a valid time, place, and manner restriction on speech.
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997): This Supreme Court case involved a challenge to a municipal sign code that regulated the size, location, and content of signs in the city. The court held that the sign code violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, as it burdened the exercise of religion without a compelling government interest.