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Quantum Computing
Universitat de Barcelona
Today we break form from our normal custom of assessing conceptual movement in stabilized safety and sustainability standards for education settlements and, instead, venture into a domain that will inform nearly everything we do; and with gathering pace.
We begin with the action among the experts in the organizations listed below:
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):
- NIST’s Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization: NIST is working on standardizing cryptographic algorithms that are secure against quantum attacks. The goal is to ensure that data remains secure even with the advent of quantum computers. This involves selecting algorithms through an open competition, which began in 2016, and is still ongoing.
- Quantum Information Program: NIST conducts research and develops standards related to quantum information science, including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology.
- Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C):
- Formed as part of the National Quantum Initiative Act, QED-C aims to enable and grow the quantum industry in the U.S. It involves various stakeholders, including industry, academic institutions, and government agencies, working together to identify and address standards and other needs to foster a robust quantum ecosystem.
- National Quantum Initiative (NQI):
- Established by the National Quantum Initiative Act in 2018, NQI coordinates efforts across multiple agencies, including NIST, the Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF), to advance quantum information science. This includes the development of standards, infrastructure, and research to support quantum technologies.
- International Standards:
- While primarily international, organizations like the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have working groups focusing on quantum technologies. U.S. participation in these groups helps ensure that global standards align with U.S. interests and priorities.
- Federal Agencies and Research Programs:
- The DOE, NSF, and other federal agencies fund research and development in quantum computing, which often includes aspects related to standards and best practices. For example, the DOE’s Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers and NSF’s Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes.
- Industry-Led Initiatives:
- Several industry consortia and companies are actively involved in developing quantum computing standards. Organizations like the IEEE have working groups focused on quantum computing and quantum communications standards.
Overall, the U.S. approach to quantum computing standards is multifaceted, involving federal agencies, industry consortia, academic research, and participation in international standard-setting bodies.
Andrej Karpathy (Stanford, OpenAI): Introduction to Large Language Models
Quantum Computing for High-School Students: An Experience Report
Quantum Computing for High-School Students An Experience Report
Prashanti Priya Angara, et. al
Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Abstract: Quantum computing is an emerging field that can revolutionize our ability to solve problems and enable breakthroughs in many areas including optimization, machine learning, chemistry, and drug design. With the increasing computational power of quantum computers and the proliferation of quantum development kits, the demand for a skilled workforce in quantum computing increases significantly. The theory of quantum computing lies at the crossroads of quantum physics, mathematics, and computer science. The field of quantum computing has matured and can now be explored by all students. While today, quantum computers and simulators are readily accessible and programmable over the internet, quantum computing education is just ramping up.
This paper describes our experiences in organizing and delivering quantum computing workshops for high-school students with little or no experience in the abovementioned fields. We introduce students to the world of quantum computing in innovative ways, such as newly designed “unplugged” activities for teaching basic quantum computing concepts. Overall, we take a programmatic approach and introduce students to the IBM Q Experience using Qiskit and Jupyter notebooks. Our experiences and findings suggest that basic quantum computing concepts are palatable for high-school students, and-due to significant differences between classical and quantum computing-early exposure to quantum computing is a valuable addition to the set of problem-solving and computing skills that high-schoolers obtain before entering university.
Dirac Bra-Ket notation, also known simply as bra-ket notation, is a standard mathematical notation used extensively in quantum mechanics and quantum computing. It was introduced by Paul Dirac and provides a convenient and powerful framework for describing quantum states and their evolution. Here are several ways in which Dirac Bra-Ket notation is important in quantum computing:
- Representation of Quantum States:
- Kets (|ψ⟩): Quantum states are typically represented as kets, denoted by |ψ⟩. This notation simplifies the representation of complex vectors in a Hilbert space.
- Bras (⟨ψ|): The corresponding dual vectors, or bras, are denoted by ⟨ψ|. These are the complex conjugate transpose of the kets.
- Inner Product:
- The inner product of two states |ψ⟩ and |φ⟩ is written as ⟨ψ|φ⟩. This notation succinctly captures the concept of the probability amplitude, which is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
- Outer Product:
- The outer product, written as |ψ⟩⟨φ|, represents a linear operator that can be used to construct projection operators and density matrices, which are crucial in quantum algorithms and quantum information theory.
- Operators and Measurements:
- Quantum operators, such as Hamiltonians and measurement operators, can be conveniently expressed using bra-ket notation. For example, an operator A^\hat{A}A^ acting on a state |ψ⟩ can be written as A^∣ψ⟩\hat{A}|ψ⟩A^∣ψ⟩.
- Measurement probabilities are often expressed in terms of bras and kets, e.g., the probability of measuring a state |ψ⟩ in the basis state |φ⟩ is |⟨φ|ψ⟩|².
- Tensor Products:
- In quantum computing, systems are often composed of multiple qubits, which are represented by tensor products of individual qubit states. Bra-ket notation elegantly handles these tensor products, e.g., |ψ⟩⊗|φ⟩.
- Quantum Gates and Circuits:
- Quantum gates, which perform operations on qubits, can be represented using unitary operators in bra-ket notation. For example, the action of a gate U on a qubit state |ψ⟩ is written as U|ψ⟩.
- Simplifying Complex Expressions:
- Bra-ket notation simplifies the manipulation of complex expressions involving quantum states and operators, making it easier to derive results and understand the behavior of quantum systems.
- Formalism for Quantum Algorithms:
- Many quantum algorithms, such as the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and Grover’s search algorithm, are conveniently expressed and analyzed using bra-ket notation, providing clarity and insight into their functioning.
In summary, Dirac Bra-Ket notation is essential in quantum computing for its ability to provide a clear and concise way to describe and manipulate quantum states, operators, and the evolution of quantum systems. It is a powerful tool that underpins much of the theory and practice in the field.
Energy Standard for Data Centers
No public consultations have been released on this title as of April 9, 2024.
2024 Update to ASHRAE Position Statements
List of Titles, Scopes and Purposes of the ASHRAE Catalog
As of the date of this post, no proposed revisions to the ASHRAE 90.4 have been released for public consultation. Keep in mind that its normative reference — ASHRAE Standard 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings — is continually under revision; frequently appearing in electrical engineering design guidelines, construction specifications, commissioning and O&M titles in our industry and others.
ASHRAE 90.4 defines an alternate compliance path, specific to data centers, while the compliance requirements for “non-data center” components are contained in ASHRAE 90.1 . The 90.4 structure also streamlines the ongoing maintenance process as well ensures that Standards 90.1 and 90.4 stay in their respective lanes to avoid any overlap and redundancies relating to the technical and administrative boundaries. Updates to ASHRAE 90.1 will still include the alternate compliance path defined in ASHRAE 90.4. Conversely the 2022 Edition of 90.4-2022 refers to ASHRAE 90.1-2022; cross-referencing one another synchronously
Links to noteworthy coverage from expert agencies on the 2022 revisions:
HPC Data Center Cooling Design Considerations
ASHRAE standard 90.4 updates emphasize green energy
ASHRAE updated its standard for data centers
How to Design a Data Center Cooling System for ASHRAE 90.4
Designing a Data Center with Computer Software Modeling
This title resides on the standing agenda of our Infotech 400 colloquium; hosted several times per year and as close coupled with the annual meetings of ASHRAE International as possible. Technical committees generally meet during these meetings make decisions about the ASHRAE catalog. The next all committee conference will be hosted January 20-24, 2024 in Chicago. As always we encourage education industry facility managers, energy conservation workgroups and sustainability professionals to participate directly in the ASHRAE consensus standard development process. It is one of the better facilities out there.
Start at ASHRAE’s public commenting facility:
Online Standards Actions & Public Review Drafts
Update: May 30, 2023
Proposed Addendum g makes changes to definitions were modified in section 3 and mandatory language in Section 6 to support the regulation of process heat and process ventilation was moved in the section for clarity. Other changes are added based on comments from the first public review including changes to informative notes.
Consultation closes June 4th
Update: February 10, 2023
The most actively managed consensus standard for data center energy supply operating in education communities (and most others) is not published by the IEEE but rather by ASHRAE International — ASHRAE 90.4 Energy Standard for Data Centers (2019). It is not required to be a free access title although anyone may participate in its development. It is copyrighted and ready for purchase but, for our purpose here, we need only examine its scope and purpose. A superceded version of 90.4 is available in the link below:
Third ISC Public Review Draft (January 2016)
Noteworthy: The heavy dependence on IEEE power chain standards as seen in the Appendix and Chapter 8. Recent errata are linked below:
We provide the foregoing links for a deeper dive “into the weeds”. Another addendum has been released for consultation; largely administrative:
ASHRAE 90.4 | Pages 60-61 | Consultation closes January 15, 2023.
It is likely that the technical committee charged with updating this standard are already at work preparing an updated version that will supercede the 2019 Edition. CLICK HERE for a listing of Project Committee Interim Meetings.
We maintain many titles from the ASHRAE catalog on the standing agenda of our Mechanical, Energy 200/400, Data and Cloud teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Originally posted Summer 2020.
ASHRAE International has released four new addenda to its energy conservation consensus document ASHRAE 90.4-2016 Energy Standard for Data Centers. This document establishes the minimum energy efficiency requirements of data centers for design and construction, for the creation of a plan for operation and maintenance and for utilization of on-site or off-site renewable energy resources.
It is a relatively new document more fully explained in an article published by ASHRAE in 2016 (Click here). The addenda described briefly:
Addendum a – clarifies existing requirements in Section 6.5 as well as introduce new provisions to encourage heat recovery within data centers.
Addendum b – clarifies existing requirements in Sections 6 and 11 and to provide guidance for taking credit for renewable energy systems.
Addendum d – a response to a Request for Interpretation on the 90.4 consideration of DieselRotary UPS Systems (DRUPS) and the corresponding accounting of these systems in the Electrical Loss Component (ELC). In crafting the IC, the committee also identified several marginal changes to 90.4 definitions and passages in Section 8 that would add further clarity to the issue. This addendum contains the proposed changes for that aim as well as other minor changes to correct spelling or text errors, incorporate the latest ELC values into Section 11, and to refresh information in the Normative Reference.
Addendum e adds language to Section 11 intended to clarify how compliance with Standard 90.4 can be achieved through the use of shared systems.
Comments are due September 6th. Until this deadline you may review the changes and comment upon them by by CLICKING HERE
Universitat de Barcelona
Education facility managers, energy conservation workgroups and sustainability professionals are encouraged to participate directly in the ASHRAE standard development process. Start at ASHRAE’s public commenting facility:
Online Standards Actions & Public Review Drafts
The ASHRAE catalog is a priority title in our practice. This title appears on the standing agenda of our Infotech sessions. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [12-54]
Category: Telecommunications, Infotech, Energy
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Robert G. Arno, Neal Dowling, Jim Harvey, Mike Hiler, Robert Schuerger, Larry Spielvogel
print(“Python”)
“Python is the programming equivalent
of a Swiss Army Knife.”
— Some guy
Open source standards development is characterized by very open exchange, collaborative participation, rapid prototyping, transparency and meritocracy. The Python programming language is a high-level, interpreted language that is widely used for general-purpose programming. Python is known for its readability, simplicity, and ease of use, making it a popular choice for beginners and experienced developers alike. Python has a large and active community of developers, which has led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools that can be used for a wide range of applications. These include web development, scientific computing, data analysis, machine learning, and more.
Another important aspect of Python is its versatility. It can be used on a wide range of platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and even mobile devices. Python is also compatible with many other programming languages and can be integrated with other tools and technologies, making it a powerful tool for software development. Overall, the simplicity, readability, versatility, and large community support of Python make it a valuable programming language to learn for anyone interested in software development including building automation.
As open source software, anyone may suggest an improvement to Python(3.X) starting at the link below:
Python can be used to control building automation systems. Building automation systems are typically used to control various systems within a building, such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, security, and more. Python can be used to control these systems by interacting with the control systems through the building’s network or other interfaces.
There are several Python libraries available that can be used for building automation, including PyVISA, which is used to communicate with instrumentation and control systems, and PyModbus, which is used to communicate with Modbus devices commonly used in building automation systems. Python can also be used to develop custom applications and scripts to automate building systems, such as scheduling temperature setpoints, turning on and off lights, and adjusting ventilation systems based on occupancy or other variables. Overall, Python’s flexibility and versatility make it well-suited for use in building automation systems.
Retrodiction
By design, we do not provide a SEARCH function. We are a niche practice in a subtle, time-sensitive domain with over 30 years of case history in which we have been first movers. We provide links to the most accessed topics in recent days. All queries presented during our “Open Office Hours” every work day, or via email, are gratefully received and prompt a near-immediate response.
As part of its ongoing, exhaustive effort to continually promote campus safety, the University of Georgia announced today several additional measures, totaling more than $7.3 million, to further strengthen campus security on its Athens campus. https://t.co/bTg6b4DLUX
— UGA (@universityofga) February 27, 2024
@rmayMVS here ya go! From Kruger National Park South Africa #mvinterim #mvinterinterim2southafrica24 pic.twitter.com/QU0rUuGJgg
— Dr. Kelli Bynum (@kellimccbynum) March 3, 2024
Michigan State University
Stacks of fun at @OrielOxford‘s annual #ShroveTuesday race 🥞#PancakeDay pic.twitter.com/nTXOpkR1zO
— University of Oxford (@UniofOxford) February 13, 2024
University of Iowa | Johnson County
Национа́льный иссле́довательский То́мский госуда́рственный университе́т
Electrical heat tracing: international harmonization-now and in the future
Electrical heat tracing: international harmonization-now and in the future
Brankscom Hall Toronto
“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”
— Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
How to Make Baby Food
How to Make Banana Puree for Babies
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Before the commercialization of baby food, parents typically prepared homemade baby food using simple kitchen tools and ingredients. Here’s a general overview of how baby food was made traditionally:
Selection of Ingredients: Parents would select fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and meats suitable for their baby’s age and dietary needs. These ingredients were chosen based on their nutritional value and ease of digestion.
Cooking: The selected ingredients would be cooked using methods such as boiling, steaming, or baking to soften them and make them easier for the baby to eat. Cooking methods were chosen to preserve as much of the natural nutrients as possible.
Mashing or Pureeing: Once cooked, the ingredients would be mashed or pureed into a smooth consistency suitable for a baby’s developing digestive system. This could be done using tools like a fork, potato masher, food mill, or blender.
Straining (Optional): Some parents might choose to strain the pureed food to remove any seeds, skins, or fibers that could be difficult for a baby to digest or might pose a choking hazard.
Storage: Homemade baby food could be stored in small containers or ice cube trays and frozen for future use. This allowed parents to prepare larger batches of baby food at once and thaw individual portions as needed.
Feeding: When it was time to feed the baby, parents would simply thaw the desired portion of homemade baby food and serve it to their baby using a spoon or by bottle-feeding.
Variety: Parents would typically introduce a variety of flavors and textures to their baby over time, gradually expanding their palate and exposing them to a wide range of nutrients.
Overall, making homemade baby food required time, effort, and attention to detail, but many parents preferred it because they had control over the quality and ingredients used, ensuring that their baby received nutritious and wholesome meals.
Health 400 | OB-GYN
Today we break down regulations, codes, standards and open-source literature governing the safety and sustainability of university-affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery facilities. Because of the complexity of the topic we break down our coverage:
Health 200. Survey of all relevant codes, standards, guidelines and recommended practices for healthcare settings.
Health 400. All of the above with special consideration needed for obstetrics, gynecological and neonatal clinical practice and research.
Today we confine our interest to systems — water, power, telecommunication and security; for example — that are unique to campus-configured, city-within-city risk aggregations. Electrotechnologies (voltage stability, static electricity control, radio-interference, etc.) in these enterprises are subtle, complex and high risk. Sample titles from legacy best practice literature in this domain are listed below:
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Levels of Maternal Care
Provision of Care, Treatment, and Services standards for maternal safety
Since our interest lies in the habitable spaces for these enterprises we usually start with a scan of the following titles:
International Building Code Section 407 (Institutional Group I-2) identifies requirements specific to healthcare settings, covering aspects such as fire safety, means of egress, and smoke compartments. Maternity and obstetric facilities within hospitals fall under this classification.
K-TAG Matrix for Healthcare Facilities
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code Article 517
NFPA 99 Healthcare Facilities Code
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code Chapters 18 & 19
ASHRAE 170 Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities
Relevant Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers research
Towards Deeper Neural Networks for Neonatal Seizure Detection
A System to Provide Primary Maternity Healthcare Services in Developing Countries
Deep Learning for Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Labor
Reorganizing of University Hospital of Oran’s operating theatre: Simulation approach
Finally, we collaborate with the IEEE E&H Committee on the following IEC committee projects from IEC/TC 62 Electrical equipment in medical practice:
– Common aspects of electrical equipment used in diagnostic imaging equipment
– Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry
– Electromedical equipment for neonatal care
More
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Health care cost as percentage of Gross Domestic Product for six representative nations.
Association of Academic Health Centers
International Conference on Harmonization: The ICH guidelines provide guidance on the development of pharmaceuticals and related substances, including clinical trials, drug safety, and efficacy.
Animal Welfare Act and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Good Laboratory Practice: GLP is a set of principles that ensure the quality and integrity of non-clinical laboratory studies. It ensures that data generated from non-clinical laboratory studies are reliable, valid, and accurate.
International Code Council Representation of Interests
University of Chicago
In the early to mid-1900s, some US colleges used orphaned babies in home economics programs to teach child-rearing skills
These children were referred to as "practice babies" pic.twitter.com/FZCkeu0p2m
— UberFacts (@UberFacts) August 17, 2023
Children’s Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care
Some of the common electro-technologies used in a neonatal care unit include:
- Incubators: These temperature-controlled units create a controlled environment to keep premature or sick infants warm and protected.
- Ventilators: Mechanical ventilators assist newborns with respiratory distress by delivering oxygen and helping them breathe.
- Monitors: These devices track vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen levels, blood pressure, and temperature to ensure the baby’s health and detect any abnormalities.
- Phototherapy Lights: Special lights are used to treat jaundice in newborns, helping to break down excess bilirubin in the blood.
- Intravenous (IV) Pumps: These pumps are used to deliver medications, fluids, and nutrients directly into the baby’s bloodstream.
- Feeding Tubes: For infants who are unable to feed orally, feeding tubes are used to deliver breast milk or formula directly into their stomach.
- Blood Gas Analyzers: These machines measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in a baby’s blood to monitor respiratory status and acid-base balance.
- Infusion Pumps: Used to administer controlled amounts of fluids, medications, or nutrients to newborns.
- CPAP/BiPAP Machines: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) machines help newborns with breathing difficulties by providing a continuous flow of air pressure.
- Neonatal Resuscitation Equipment: This includes equipment such as resuscitation bags, endotracheal tubes, laryngoscopes, and suction devices used during emergency situations to assist with newborn resuscitation.
It’s important to note that specific tools and equipment may vary depending on the level of neonatal care provided by the unit, the needs of the infants, and the policies of the healthcare facility.
Neonatal care, as a specialized field, has been shaped by the contributions of several pioneers in medicine. Here are a few notable figures who have made significant advancements in neonatal care:
- Dr. Virginia Apgar was an American obstetrical anesthesiologist who developed the Apgar score in 1952. The Apgar score is a quick assessment tool used to evaluate the overall health of newborns immediately after birth. It assesses the baby’s heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, providing valuable information for prompt intervention and monitoring.
- Dr. Martin Couney, a pioneering physician, established incubator exhibits at world fairs and amusement parks in the early 20th century. He promoted the use of incubators to care for premature infants and played a significant role in popularizing the concept of neonatal intensive care.
- Dr. Virginia A. Apgar, an American pediatrician and neonatologist, made significant contributions to the field of neonatology. She specialized in the care of premature infants and conducted extensive research on neonatal resuscitation and newborn health. She also developed the Apgar scoring system, although unrelated to Dr. Virginia Apgar mentioned earlier.
- Dr. Lula O. Lubchenco was an influential researcher and neonatologist who made important contributions to the understanding of newborn growth and development. She developed the Lubchenco Growth Chart, which provides a standardized assessment of a newborn’s size and gestational age, aiding in the identification and monitoring of growth abnormalities.
- Dr. Mary Ellen Avery was a renowned American pediatrician and researcher whose work focused on understanding and treating respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. She identified the importance of surfactant deficiency in RDS and contributed to the development of surfactant replacement therapy, revolutionizing the care of preterm infants.
These individuals, among many others, have played pivotal roles in advancing the field of neonatal care, improving the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and overall outcomes for newborn infants.
IEEE Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology
Maternity Metrix
New Interview!
Check out our founder and CEO, Dr. AkkeNeel Talsma chat with WUWM about how MaternityMetrix can help our local expectant communities.
Take a listen HERE:https://t.co/2tGWsG8MPy#healthcare #TechInnovation #patientsafety pic.twitter.com/WvhyhmMiKT
— Maternity Metrix (@MaternityMetrix) February 10, 2024
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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