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Force required to operate the plunger on a French press coffee pot
Statement of Financial Position: 378 £ million | Standards Scotland
American Journal of Physics (Complete Paper)
F. B. Wadsworth, C. E. J. Vossen, M. J. Heap, A. Kushnir, J. I. Farquharson, D. Schmid, L. Belohlavek, M. Huebsch, L. Carbillet, J.E. Kendrick, D. Dingwell
The French press is a popular device for brewing coffee, comprising a cylindrical beaker—or “jug”—fitted with a lid and plunger with a fine wire mesh filter. The plunger is used to drive the solid coffee particles to the bottom of the jug, separating these grounds from hot liquid above. When using the French press in this way, a growing permeable pack of ground coffee is pushed through hot water by applying force to the plunger. We use a combination of kitchen-based and laboratory experiments to determine the force required to push on the plunger as a function of the speed of the plunger and the mass of coffee used. We calculate that for the recommended preparation method, the maximum force is 32 N to complete the pressing action in 50 s. We propose that home coffee preparation provides a fun, low-cost, and relatable learning opportunity for students and for those who are interested in coffee science.
“Down” for Maintenance and Upgrades
Through Monday, April 21st. we will run maintenance routines for this website and its affiliates in the other 49 United States (some to roll out in 2025): Backups, security patches, SEO and plug in updates, database optimization, etc.
Our “Evergreen” library will remain accessible; though the visuals may appear a little janky from time to time.
Our State Street (Ann Arbor) offices will remain open; though with reduced holiday staff.
“One of the Family” 1880 | Frederick George Cotman
Spring Break has been amazing this week! Principal time is shut off! Spending time with the family is turned on! Sometimes the little things in life matter the most. Birds chirping, playing in playground, nature walk, hearing church bells! Blessed! 🙏🏻✝️#BeKindWorkHardBeGreat pic.twitter.com/bEnEpAvfnm
— Nick Edwards, M.Ed (@Nick_EdwardsEDU) April 17, 2025
#TBT to these U-M students boarding buses for the winter break in 1939! 📸: Ivory Photo Collection pic.twitter.com/HVJXaVMG1K
— UM Bentley Library (@umichBentley) December 19, 2024
Night lights. 💡 pic.twitter.com/RdNjaRNLFj
— Alumni Association of the University of Michigan (@michiganalumni) December 20, 2024
University of Michigan | Washtenaw County
Ghana’s Rabbit Industry
Like many folk traditions of saying “Rabbit, rabbit” to your colleagues on the first day of the month has an unclear origin and has several variations and interpretations. We use it a reason to explore university research into food sources; the proper business of education communities everywhere. In one version of the tradition, saying “Rabbit, rabbit” or “White rabbit” as the first words upon waking on the first day of the month is believed to bring good luck for the rest of that month. It is thought to ensure good fortune, happiness, and general positivity throughout the coming weeks.
The specific origins and reasons behind this tradition are difficult to trace, as superstitions often evolve and are passed down through generations. It’s worth noting that this practice is not universally known or followed, and its popularity may vary among different regions and communities. Ultimately, the saying “Rabbit, rabbit” on the first day of the month is an example of a charming and whimsical superstition that some individuals enjoy participating in as a fun way to start the month on a positive note.
Flying Tigers
The Flying Tigers, officially the First American Volunteer Group (AVG), were American pilots led by Claire Lee Chennault, formed in 1941 to aid China against Japanese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks, they were tasked with defending Chinese skies and supply lines. However, the Flying Tigers did not directly stop the Rape of Nanking, which occurred from December 1937 to January 1938, as they were not yet formed.
By the time they saw combat on December 20, 1941, after Pearl Harbor, Nanjing had already fallen. Their role was significant later, defending key areas like Kunming and the Burma Road, disrupting Japanese air operations, and boosting Chinese morale. With only 62 combat-ready pilots, they destroyed 296 Japanese aircraft, but their impact came post-Nanjing, aiding China’s broader resistance against Japanese aggression.
The United States Rescues China from Japanese Genocide
Rape of Nanking: Massacre of the Sino-Japanese War
Gallery: Other Ways of Knowing Climate Change
Life-cycle cost of education community settings are informed by climate change assumptions. In addition to the flow of research money to faculty for laboratory space, graduate student support, supercomputer installations, conference travel; these assumptions inform the architectural character of a campus — i.e. the design and operation its buildings and infrastructure. These assumptions swing back and forth over these eternal institutions with cyclical assumptions about global cooling and global warming. In the late 1960’s academic researchers found evidence of global cooling. Fifty years on academic researchers assume the earth is warming. We just roll with it as we do with all the other policy “givens” we accommodate. Stewardship of the planet — keeping it clean for those who follow us — Yes. Catastrophilia — the love of catastrophone so well documented in history — not so much.
As with all emotional issues, language changes mightily. We refer you to our journey through technical standard language HERE.
According to a report by the Congressional Research Service, federal funding for climate research and related activities totaled approximately $13.8 billion in fiscal year 2020. This funding was distributed across various agencies and programs, including the National Science Foundation’s Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s climate Program Office, and the Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
Not included in this figure is the opportunity cost and loss of brand identity of not conforming to the climate change agenda.
The “Narrative”
Energy Standard for Sites & Buildings: Lighting
University of Michigan
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is an ANSI-accredited continuous-maintenance standards developer (a major contributor to what we call a regulatory product development “stream”). Continuous maintenance means that changes to titles in its catalog can change in as little as 30-45 days. This is meaningful to jurisdictions that require conformance to the “latest” version of ASHRAE 90.1
Among the leading titles in its catalog is ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Standard 90.1 has been a benchmark for commercial building energy codes in the United States and a key basis for codes and standards around the world for more than 35 years. Free access to ASHRAE 90.1 version is available at the link below:
READ ONLY Version of 2022 ASHRAE 90.1
If you cannot access it with the link above, try the link below and select 90.1 from the title list:
Current Popular ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines
Chapter 9: Lighting, begins on Page 148, and therein lie the tables that are the most widely used metrics (lighting power densities) by electrical and illumination engineers for specifying luminaires and getting them wired and controlled “per code”. Many jurisdictions provide access to this Chapter without charge. Respecting ASHRAE’s copyright, we will not do so here but will use them during today’s Illumination Colloquium, 16:00 UTC.
Keep in mind that recently ASHRAE expanded the scope of 90.1 to include energy usage in the spaces between buildings:
25 January 2023: Newly Released ASHRAE 90.1-2022 Includes Expanded Scope For Building Sites
At this time, there are no redlines open for public comment
Online Standards Actions & Public Review Drafts
Education industry facility managers, energy conservation workgroups, sustainability officers, electric shop foreman, electricians and front-line maintenance professionals who change lighting fixtures, maintain environmental air systems are encouraged to participate directly in the ASHRAE consensus standard development process.
Univerzita Karlova
We also maintain ASHRAE best practice titles as standing items on our Mechanical, Water, Energy and Illumination colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [Various]
Category: Mechanical, Electrical, Energy Conservation, Facility Asset Management, US Department of Energy, #SmartCampus
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Larry Spielvogel, Richard Robben
Under Construction: ASHRAE WORKSPACE
More:
US Department of Energy Codes Program: Power and Lighting
N.B. We are knocking on ASHRAE’s door to accept proposals for reducing building interior power chain energy and material waste that we cannot persuade National Electrical Code committee to include in the 2026 revision of the National Electrical Code.
Secretariat: China
Standards Administration of China
Selected Global Leadership Projects
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ISO/TC 37
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Terminology (principles and coordination)
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Secretariat
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Zhou Changqing since 2008.
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ISO/TC 37/SC 1
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Terminology work in the field of metallurgy
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Secretariat
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Zhou Changqing since 2008.
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SO/TC 59/SC 19
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Prefabricated building
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Secretariat & Chair
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Secretariat held by SAC; Chair: Boyue Yin (China). Established recently; focuses on prefabricated construction standards.
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ISO/TC 69/SC 7
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Application of statistical and related methods to administration
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Chair
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Ding Wenxing since 2008.
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ISO/TC 186
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Services for fire safety
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Secretariat
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Duan Min since 2016.
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ISO/TC 207/SC 7
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Greenhouse gas management and related activities – Organizational and operational level
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Joint Secretariat
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Liu Mei since 2010.
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ISO/TC 242
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Management consultancy
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Vice Chair
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Li Aixian since 2008.
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ISO/TC 257
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Energy conservation
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Secretary (Energy Conservation Secretariat)
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Held by SAC/CNIS expert Li Pengcheng since 2010.
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ISO/TC 349
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Cultural heritage conservation
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Secretariat
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Based in Beijing, China (SAC); established in 2024 to standardize terms and practices for heritage protection and restoration.
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ISO/TC 130
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Graphic technology
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Past Chair & Secretary
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Past Chair: Jialing Pu (SAC); long-term secretary support by SAC expert Yuanchao Cui.
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ISO/TC 336
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Laboratory design
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Secretariat
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Held by SAC (Beijing, China) since establishment in 2023. Scope: Standardization of laboratory design for functional, safe, energy-efficient, and sustainable facilities, including personnel safety, health, environmental protection, and energy-saving devices integral to labs. Excludes general lab equipment (covered by ISO/TC 48
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Related:
ISO 7098:2015Information and documentation — Romanization of Chinese
Athletic Equipment Safety Standards
“The National Game” | Arthur Streeton (1889)
Recreational sports, athletic competition, and the facilities that support it, are one of the most visible activities in any school, college or university. They have requirements for safety and sustainability at the same scale as the academic and healthcare enterprises. According to IBISWorld Market Research, Sports Stadium Construction was a $6.1 billion market in 2014, Athletic & Sporting Goods Manufacturing was a $9.2 billion market in 2015, with participation in sports increasing 19.3 percent by 2019 — much of that originating in school, college and university sports and recreation programs.
Accordingly, we have been following movement in the standards suites developed by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the American Society of Testing Materials, and the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) We also follow developments in the International Standards Organization’s ISO/TC 83: Sports and other recreational facilities and equipment; a standard suite with the German Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) as the global Secretariat and the American National Standards Institute as the US Technical Advisory Group.
NOCSAE, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, is an independent and nonprofit standards development body with the mission to enhance athletic safety through scientific research and the creation of performance standards for athletic equipment. From its mission statement:
NOCSAE is comprised of a board of directors representing stakeholders from a number of groups – including consumer and end users, equipment manufacturers and reconditioners, athletic trainers, coaches, equipment managers, and academic and sports medicine associations. These diverse interests have joined forces in an attempt to arrive at a common goal of reducing sports-related injuries.
The NOCSAE suite of standards follows American due process requirements set by ANSI. Its standards development landing page is linked below where you will find instructions about how to comment on all NOCSAE titles at any time:
#/media/File:Sacred_Heart_goalie_making_save_against_Wagner.jpg)
Wagner College v. Sacred Heart
At the moment, our advocacy resources give priority to athletic facilities (and their integration into #SmartCampus safety and sustainability systems) over athletic products. There is sometimes interaction between the two — artificial turf and protective equipment standards need to support one another; for example. However, our priority lies in persuading the leadership of the education industry get the user-interest (i.e. athletic facility managers) to participate in ANSI standards development processes.
The NOCSAE suite, and all other athletic and recreational product, facility and management standards is on the standing agenda of our periodic Sport colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next teleconference; open to everyone.
Issue [15-169]
Contact: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja
Category: Athletics and Recreation
#StandardsMassachusetts
I-Code Group B Committee Action Results
Complete Monograph (2630 Pages)
IBC Rebuttal on G153-25 Performance Electrical Design
(response with hyperlinks to supporting research)
Partial listing. We have until July 15th to comment on committee action
Our proposal G153-25: Page 754
Michigan Modular G195-25: Page 859
“Clinical Need” definition for enhanced security: Page 765
“Electric Vehicle Charger” definition by the National Parking Association/Parking Consultant’s Council: Page 457
“EV Charging Space” definition: Page 458
“EV Supply Equipment” definition: Page 460
ADM20-25 Authority of building official in natural disasters and high hazard regions, p141
ASM3-25 Electrical equipment re-use, p195
G2-25. New definition for Animal Housing Facilities, p438
S57-25. Quite a bit of back and forth on wind and PV “farms, p1053, et. al (“Wind and solar farms are different from animal and produce farms” — Mike Anthony)
G143-25 Lighting Section 1204L remote rooms, windowless rooms, University of Texas Austin student accommodation costs, p. 737-
PM31-25 Housekeeping and sanitation in owned property as law, p1794
PM50-25, Sleeping units to be private, p.1829
RB146-25. Energy storage systems installed in garages, requirements for physical protection, p. 2195
RB144-25, Load capacity ratings and compliance with NFPA 855, p. 2186
RB143-25, Working roof walking access around solar panels, p. 2180
SP1-25 New definition of base flood elevation for purpose of correlating requirements for electrical safety, et. al, p. 2578
Link to Track 1 and Track 2 Webcast
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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