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Salutariness

Salutariness (Cleanliness) standards follow culture (which follows the science which follows water and chemical management systems).   What is considered clean or hygienic in one culture may differ from what is considered clean or hygienic in another culture.  In some cultures, it is customary to remove shoes before entering a home, as it is considered unclean to wear shoes indoors.  In Japan, it is customary to take a bath or shower before entering a public bathhouse or hot spring, as it is considered unclean to enter a communal bath without washing first.  Most public swimming pools in the United States conform to a similar standard.

In some cultures, it is customary to eat with one’s hands, while in others, using utensils is the norm. Similarly, in some cultures, it is customary to clean one’s hands and face before eating, while in others, it is not considered necessary.  Cleanliness standards can also vary depending on the level of economic development, access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and public health policies in different countries.  Mahatma Gandhi believed that promoting cleanliness and hygiene could help in building a strong and self-sufficient nation.

“Harlem school custodian to retire, gets cafeteria dedicated to him” | Rockford Register Star

At 15:00 UTC today we review best practice literature for hygiene in education community interior spaces; including related accessory technologies.  Owing to the circumstances of the pandemic we have rewritten our past coverage of this topic for 2022.

Among the standards setting organizations active in this domain: (Short List)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME: Personal hygiene devices for water closets.

American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers (ASHRAE International)

American Society of Safety Professionals

American Water Works Association

“No Water Fact Sheet”

“Responding to Water Stagnation in Buildings with Reduced or No Water Use” 

Association of Physical Plant Administrators (APPA)

Cleaning Operations

International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials (IAPMO Group)

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

RFID Based Smart Hand Hygiene Monitoring System for Health Care Institutions

Prospect of Solar-assisted Heat Pump Water Heating Systems for Student Residences

Identification of Legionella Species by Photogate-Type Optical Sensor

Smart Biosensor for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Tap Water

Innovative UV-C LED Disinfection Systems for DrinkingWater Treatment

Temperature Distributions and Bacterial Growth Implications in a Hot Water Storage Tank under Scheduled Draw-off and Heating Cycles

Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification

International Code Council

International Building Code: Chapter 12 Interior Environment

International Mechanical Code: Ventilation

International Plumbing Code: Sanitary Drainage

International Kitchen Exhaust Cleaning Association

International Sanitary Supply Association

Design Guidelines

University of Pittsburgh

National Air Duct Cleaners Association

Standard for Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of HVAC Systems

National Fire Protection Association

“NFPA responds to the coronavirus”

Health Care Facilities Code

National Sanitation Foundation  (Several titles)

“Germiest Places at Schools”

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

CFR 1910.141 Sanitation

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Simon Institute

Cleaning Chemical Safety

State and Federal Regulations Open for Comment

We place public consultation deadlines at top priority in the time available and will schedule a separate break-out session to write and send comments.

Open to everyone.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Anatomical Donation

Anatomical donation programs are supported by relatively stable best practice literature that are highly cross-referencing.  The organ donation industry grows at a surprising clip and, as such, has its share of sketchy actors.

Our discussion today — at 15:00 UTC– is limited to the safety and sustainability of the support facilities for human cadavers only; with attention to the most recent construction projects.

Images:

Transworld Educare Pune

High Point University

Columbia University

Representative Literature:

University of Michigan

Augusta University

Duke University

Idaho State University

Indiana University

Ohio State University

University of Cambridge

University of Minnesota

University of New England

Vanderbilt University

Relevant Codes & Standards:

ASHRAE International

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM International

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

International Code Council

International Building Code

International Mechanical Code

International Plumbing Code

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

National Fire Protection Association

More:

Michigan Public Health Code

County Medical Examiners

American Association for Anatomy

American Association of Tissue Banks

IEEE: Virtual Reality Application in Anatomy Education: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Direction

Anatomy Meets Architecture: Designing New Laboratories for New Anatomists

National Donor Day: February 14

Join us today at 15:00 UTC.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.

Student Medical Centers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This facility class has many names but is similar in our approach to them: the settings that provide primary care in a visible, central service.  After the chapel, the library, the kitchen and the classroom, the on-campus medical center is a central fixture.  These clinics typically provide basic medical services primarily aimed at addressing the immediate health needs of students and sometimes staff.   These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants.

  • Services may include first aid, basic medical care (such as treating minor injuries and illnesses), immunizations, health screenings, and sometimes mental health counseling.
  • These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants. In some cases, a physician may be available on a part-time basis.
  • These clinics are usually small and may be located within or near the school premises. They typically have limited space and equipment compared to hospitals.

Access to school-based clinics is often limited to students and staff during school hours. They may not be open during weekends, holidays, or outside of regular school hours.

University of Michigan Health Service: Reproductive Health

University of Vermont: Primary Care at Student Health Services

University of North Dakota Student Health Services

University of Chicago Student Sexual Health

University of California System Abortion Services

During today’s open door session we examine the literature relevant to making this facility class safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting in the links below, including open public consultation close dates:

Health 400 | OB-GYN

Healthcare Occupancies

Healthcare Facilities Code

Design & Operation of Health Care Facilities

Gallery: University-Affiliated Healthcare Enterprises

Smart Medical Campus Power

 

Hospital Plug Load

Today we examine relatively recent transactions in electrotechnologies — power, information and communication technology — that are present (and usually required) in patient care settings.   At a patient’s bedside in a hospital or healthcare setting, various electrical loads or devices may be present to provide medical care, monitoring, and comfort. Some of the common electrical loads found at a patient’s bedside include:

Hospital Bed: Electric hospital beds allow for adjustments in height, head position, and leg position to provide patient comfort and facilitate medical procedures.

Patient Monitor: These monitors display vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate, helping healthcare professionals keep track of the patient’s condition.

Infusion Pumps: These devices administer medications, fluids, and nutrients intravenously at a controlled rate.

Ventilators: Mechanical ventilators provide respiratory support to patients who have difficulty breathing on their own.

Pulse Oximeter: This non-invasive device measures the oxygen saturation level in the patient’s blood.

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) Machine: It records the electrical activity of the heart and is used to diagnose cardiac conditions.

Enteral Feeding Pump: Used to deliver liquid nutrition to patients who cannot take food by mouth.

Suction Machine: It assists in removing secretions from the patient’s airway.

IV Poles: To hold and support intravenous fluid bags and tubing.

Warming Devices: Devices like warming blankets or warm air blowers are used to maintain the patient’s body temperature during surgery or recovery.

Patient Call Button: A simple push-button that allows patients to call for assistance from the nursing staff.

Overbed Tables: A movable table that allows patients to eat, read, or use personal items comfortably.

Reading Lights: Bedside lights that allow patients to read or perform tasks without disturbing others.

Television and Entertainment Devices: To provide entertainment and alleviate boredom during the patient’s stay.

Charging Outlets: Electrical outlets to charge personal electronic devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

It’s important to note that the specific devices and equipment present at a patient’s bedside may vary depending on the level of care required and the hospital’s equipment standards. Additionally, strict safety measures and electrical grounding are essential to ensure patient safety when using electrical devices in a healthcare setting.  

We have been tracking the back-and-forth on proposals, considerations, adoption and rejections in the 3-year revision cycles of the 2023 National Electrical Code and the2021 Healthcare Facilities Code.  We will use the documents linked below as a starting point for discussion; and possible action:

NFPA 99:

Electrical Systems (HEA-ELS) Public Input

Electrical Systems (HEA-ELS) Public Comment

NFPA 70:

National Electrical Code CMP-15

Fire Protection Research Foundation:

Electric Circuit Data Collection: An Analysis of Health Care Facilities (Mazetti Associates)

iDesign Services

Matt Dozier, Principal CMP-15

IEEE Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology

There are many other organizations involved in this very large domain — about 20 percent of the US Gross Domestic Product.

Ahead of the September 7th deadline for new proposals for Article 517 for the 2026 National Electrical Code we will examine their influence in other sessions; specifically in our Health 100,200,300 and 400 colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

Plug Load Management: Department of Energy By the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Gross Anatomy Lab Renovation

Follow the Professor: Wingert blends anatomy, faith in inspiring next generation of physician assistants

Standards Ohio

Resilience of Hospital Power Systems in the Digital Age

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Rome

 

Operational Resilience of Hospital Power Systems in the Digital Age

Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
Parise professional office, Italy
Cosenza Hospital District, Cosenza, Italy
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

 

Abstract: An advanced guideline is required to support the design of power supply systems for the performances of service continuity and power outage resilience, which are vital for hospital power systems and strategic operational structures (SOSs). The supply sources, the power system topology, and its management are fundamental in guaranteeing the electrical resilience of the power system. There is still no standard to evaluate the adequacy of hospital power systems for natural calamities and human-made disasters and, subsequently, for the ordinary operation. The World Health Organization recognizes it as a basic problem and at this aim has to claim clearly the status of SOSs for the hospitals, recommending to safeguard and plan the full operability. The hospital power systems need a local fortified electrical structure, designed for service continuity during fault events and managed to ensure an adequate dynamic response to any emergency and maintenance needs. The importance of the business continuity management is highlighted; it has to be qualified for a permanent design with both the in-op approaches for the initial installation of the system and its life cycle operation.

CLICK HERE to order complete paper

Un mondo fatto bene

How to Make Baby Food

How to Make Banana Puree for Babies

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Before the commercialization of baby food, parents typically prepared homemade baby food using simple kitchen tools and ingredients. Here’s a general overview of how baby food was made traditionally:

Selection of Ingredients: Parents would select fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and meats suitable for their baby’s age and dietary needs. These ingredients were chosen based on their nutritional value and ease of digestion.

Cooking: The selected ingredients would be cooked using methods such as boiling, steaming, or baking to soften them and make them easier for the baby to eat. Cooking methods were chosen to preserve as much of the natural nutrients as possible.

Mashing or Pureeing: Once cooked, the ingredients would be mashed or pureed into a smooth consistency suitable for a baby’s developing digestive system. This could be done using tools like a fork, potato masher, food mill, or blender.

Straining (Optional): Some parents might choose to strain the pureed food to remove any seeds, skins, or fibers that could be difficult for a baby to digest or might pose a choking hazard.

Storage: Homemade baby food could be stored in small containers or ice cube trays and frozen for future use. This allowed parents to prepare larger batches of baby food at once and thaw individual portions as needed.

Feeding: When it was time to feed the baby, parents would simply thaw the desired portion of homemade baby food and serve it to their baby using a spoon or by bottle-feeding.

Variety: Parents would typically introduce a variety of flavors and textures to their baby over time, gradually expanding their palate and exposing them to a wide range of nutrients.

Overall, making homemade baby food required time, effort, and attention to detail, but many parents preferred it because they had control over the quality and ingredients used, ensuring that their baby received nutritious and wholesome meals.

Standards Iowa

Medical Practice Electrical equipment

“The Agnew Clinic” | Thomas Eakins (1889)

 

International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee TC 62 prepares international standards and other publications concerning electrical equipment, electrical systems and software used in healthcare and their effects on patients, operators, other persons and the environment.  As such the work of this parent committee — which has broad implications for comparatively cash-rich multi-national medical equipment manufacturers — coordinates the work of several subcommittees; listed below:

62A Common aspects of medical equipment, software and systems

62B Medical imaging equipment, software and systems

62C Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry

62D Particular medical equipment, software and systems

Germany is Global the Secretariat.  The Business Plan is linked below:

IEC TC 62 Strategic Business Plan 2021 February

The U.S National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission serves as the focal point for U.S parties who are interested in the development, promulgation, and use of globally relevant standards for the electrotechnical industry. The USNC is also engaged in the assessment of conformance to standards, undertaking work in areas such as testing, certification, and accreditation.  Tony Zertuche is ANSI’s point person (zertuche@ansi.org) and we encourage you to communicate directly with Tony for the most up-to-date information.

We coordinate our response to the development of IEC titles in this domain with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in European and American time zones.  When there are Committee Draft for Votes released for public consultation (CDV) we coordinate our responses with experts active in IEEE globally.

Since the scope of this committee’s work involves products (in the main) we rank it in the middle of our priority tier.  Our primary interest lies with interoperability standards, all the while recognizing that there is very little difference in the way education communities respond to IEC standard proposals than the way all other stakeholders would respond.  At the risk of understatement medical research and clinical healthcare delivery are a large part of the revenue of many university systems so that is why we track these titles and others.

"The trained nurse has become one of the great blessings of humanity, taking a place beside the physician and the priest" - William Osler"While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about" - Angela Schwindt "The true art of pediatrics lies not only in curing diseases but also in preventing them" - Abraham JacobiGermany

We maintain work flow of this committee on our Health, Electrical and Nursing colloquia.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

International Electrotechnical Commission | CDV Consultations

23 November 2021

 

Earlier this year one of the subcommittees of International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 62 (IEC TC/62) released a redline (candidate revision) for public consultation:

IEC 63120 ED1: Refurbishment of medical electrical equipment, medical electrical systems and sub-assemblies and reuse of components as part of the extended life-cycle.   

We found similar concepts running through the literature among United States consensus product developers; notably the IEEE, NFPA and NEMA.  Re-use, reconditioning, recycling of electrical equipment is a priority that can contribute to the safety and sustainability agenda of healthcare enterprises in education communities so we follow it; vigilant for excessive market-making by incumbent verticals.

The comment period lapsed on March 27th but we will likely see more action in the technical committees receiving proposals from vertical incumbents making markets in medical equipment replacement parts.   We track development of this and other IEC titles on our provisional workspace*:

Collaborative Workspace for IEC Consensus Products

University affiliated medical research and healthcare delivery enterprises are large stakeholders in this domain so we keep pace by collaborating with other experts affiliated with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee (E&H) and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society.

We encourage our colleagues working in university-affiliated healthcare enterprises to interact directly with the IEC by setting up a Commenting Account to access the redline linked below:

Common aspects of electrical equipment used in medical practice equipment

It is our custom to follow the lead of the the US National Committee to the International Electrotechnical Commission (USNA/IEC) primarily, though we have significant professional relationships with academic scholars in other nations through the IEEE Standards Association and the E&H Committee.  We are happy to discuss any consensus product, any day at 11 AM Eastern time, however the expertise for responding to invitations for public comment like this is usually present during the E&H Committee meetings which take place four times monthly in European and American time zones.

Issue: [11-66]

Category: Electrical, Healthcare Facilities, International

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Giuseppe Parise, Luigi Parise, Massimo Mitolo

*This is a carry-over workspace from the original University of Michigan facility standards enterprise — @StandardsUMich — and has been re-purposed for educational use and collaboration with the IEEE E&H Committee and the IEEE Engineering in Medical and Biology Society

LEARN MORE:

 

A Night in the Emergency Department

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kansas

Gallery: University-Affiliated Healthcare Enterprises

Healthcare Occupancies

Healthcare Facilities Code

Design & Operation of Health Care Facilities

Resilience of Hospital Power Systems in the Digital Age

Nightengale

Florence Nightingale is best known for her pioneering work in the field of nursing during the Crimean War (1853-1856). She led a team of nurses to the military hospital in Scutari, Turkey, where they improved hygiene, sanitation, and overall medical care for wounded soldiers. Nightingale’s efforts reduced the mortality rate in the hospital by two-thirds and helped establish nursing as a profession. She became known as “The Lady with the Lamp” due to her habit of making rounds at night to check on her patients. Her work during the Crimean War revolutionized the field of nursing and laid the foundation for modern nursing practices.

Florence Nightengale: The Lady with the Lamp

Today we unpack literature informing best practice for the facilities that support nursing and dental education and related clinical delivery.  Many colleges and universities community outreach facilities that serve a combined purpose of teaching and providing clinical care.  We steer away from nursing and dental practice the domain of others.   We include a central feature of most education communities — the school nurse and the college health service center.

For the most part, model building code and safety standards do not differ in any large way from the standards that apply to larger scale educational and clinical delivery occupancies.   Occupancy use and classification is always the first place to start; a discriminating consideration being whether the space is used to provide emergency care, surgery, obstetrics or patient stabilization.  There are a few noteworthy exceptions not covered in Joint Commission and Occupational Health and Safety Administration.

We take the point of view of the stakeholder that opposes over-regulation by government and market-making by producer and conformance interests.  For example, many front-line nurses complain that there is too much paperwork and too much “beeping” at the point of delivery.

2021 International Building Code: Section 407 Group I-2 § 407.2.2 Care Provider Stations

IEEE Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology Committee

NFPA 99: Health Care Facilities Code

ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017, Ventilation of Health Care Facilities

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Health Level 7 Standards

Nursing and dental health education programs are a significant source of revenue and a significant community obligation that, for the most part, cannot be offloaded onto the internet.

Dr. Akke Neeltje Talsma, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

University Medical Center Groningen

Essential Documents of Professional Nursing

National Association of School Nurses

American College Health Association

U.S. Council for Athlete’s Health

 

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