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– George Bernard Shaw
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Fire Alarm Basics | Prometheus
Today we run through recent action in fire safety best practice literature. Even though fire safety technologies comprise about 2-4 percent of a new building budget, the influence of the fire safety culture dominates all aspects campus safety; cybersecurity of public safety communication technology for example.
A small sample of the issues we have tracked in the past: (2002-2023). Items in RED indicate success in reducing cost with no reduction in safety (i.e. successful rebuttal, typically market-making by incumbents)
- Limiting vendor lock-in (promote interoperability) in building additions.
- Limiting the tendency to lowball first cost in order to achieve vendor lock-in later in the facility life-cycle
- Dormitory kitchen fire safety
Fire Safety of University Dormitory Based on Bayesian Network
- Clarification of mixed-occupancy classifications (occupant loading)
- Fixed interval (rather than risk-informed) inspection, testing and maintenance of fire alarm and protection system components
- Fire alarm system upgrades during renovation
Gamification Teaching in School Fire Safety
- Mixed zone and addressable alarm system wiring
- Wireless initiation devices
- Integrated fire protection systems (NFPA 3&4)
- Portable fire extinguishers (NFPA 10)
Hospital Evacuation under Fire
- Alarm system re-set procedures
- Sprinkler system coverage for animals in research
- Scalability of fire safety professional certification
- Sprinklering of off-campus student housing
- Advocating central (or campus district) fire pump systems
One of the newer issues to revisit over the past few years is the fire safety of tents. Many colleges and universities are setting up large commercial tents outside buildings (within range of Wi-Fi) for students to congregate, study and dine. We are also seeing back and forth on fire safety in theatrical performance venues in the International Code Council building safety catalog.
We approach these titles with an eye toward driving risk-informed, performance requirements that reduce risk and cost for the user interest; while recognizing the responsibility of competitor stakeholders. It is not a friendly space for the user-interest who seeks to optimally resolve the competing requirements of safety and economy. Vertical incumbents completely dominate this domain.
Relevant NFPA Titles:
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
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- Public Input Closing Date: June 1, 2023
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 25 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code®
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- Public Comment Closing Date: May 31, 2023
NFPA 75 Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment
NFPA 76 Standard for the Fire Protection of Telecommunications Facilities
NFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control Systems
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- Public Comment Closing Date: January 4, 2023
International Code Council Group A 2021/2022 Code Cycle
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More
NFPA Report: Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks
ASTM Committee E0% on Fire Standards
Why do Humans Stare at Fire? : Scientific aspects of primal magic of fire
Illumination 400
IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee
NEC Section 226.6 Conductor Size and Support (B) Festoon Lighting
EC&M Article 225: Outside Branch Circuits
Electrical Time: Definition of Festoon Lighting
“Starry Night Over the Rhône” 1888 Vincent van Gogh
Today we refresh our understanding of the moment in illumination technologies for outdoor lighting systems— related but different from our exploration of building interior illumination systems in Illumination 200. Later in 2024 we will roll out Illumination 400 (Holiday illumination) and Illumination 500 which explores litigation related to public illumination technology. As cities-within-cities the shared perimeter of a campus with the host municipality has proven rich in legal controversy and action.
Illumination technology was the original inspiration for the electric utility industry; providing night-time security and transforming every sector of every economy on earth. Lighting load remains the largest component of any building’s electric load — about 35 percent– making it a large target for energy regulations.
Our inquiry begins with selections from the following documents…
International Electrotechnical Commission TC 34 Lighting
IEC 60364 Electrical Installations in Buildings
2023 National Electrical Safety Code
2023 National Electrical Code: Article 410 (While the bulk of the NEC concerns indoor wiring fire hazards, there are passages that inform outdoor lighting wiring safety)
2019 ASHRAE 90.1: Chapter 9 Lighting
Illumination Engineering Society: Various titles
Salt Water River Project: Outdoor Lighting Standards
US DOE-EERE Building Energy Codes Program
…and about 20 other accredited, consortia or ad hoc standards developers and publishers aligned principally with vertical incumbents. Illumination was the original inspiration (i.e. the first “killer app”) for the electrical power industry in every nation. Its best practice literature reflects a fast-moving, shape-changing domain.
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Upper Wharfedale Primary Federation School District Yorkshire Dales
McGill University: Before electricity, streets were filled with gas lights
Outdoor lighting systems can be owned and maintained by different entities depending on the context and location. Here are some examples of ownership regimes for outdoor lighting systems:
- Public ownership: In this case, outdoor lighting systems are owned and maintained by the local government or municipal authority. The lighting may be installed in public spaces such as parks, streets, and other outdoor areas for the safety and convenience of the public.
- Private ownership: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned by private individuals or organizations. For example, a business owner may install outdoor lighting for security or aesthetic reasons, or a homeowner may install outdoor lighting in their garden or yard.
- Co-owned: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned jointly by multiple entities. For example, a residential community may jointly own and maintain outdoor lighting in their shared spaces such as parking areas, community parks, or recreational facilities.
- Utility ownership: Outdoor lighting systems may be owned and maintained by utility companies such as electric or energy companies. These companies may install and maintain street lights or other lighting systems for the public good.
- Third-party ownership: In some cases, a third-party entity may own and maintain outdoor lighting systems on behalf of a public or private entity. For example, a lighting contractor may install and maintain lighting in a public park on behalf of a local government.
The ownership regime of an outdoor lighting system can have implications for issues such as installation, maintenance, and cost-sharing. It is important to consider ownership when designing and implementing outdoor lighting systems to ensure their long-term effectiveness and sustainability.
More
International Commission on Illumination
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Electrical Contractors Association
Representative Specifications
Sam Houston State University | Division 26500 Interior and Exterior Lighting
University of Delaware | Division 265100 Interior Lighting
Cal Poly University San Luis Obispo | Division 265100 Interior Lighting
Relevant Research
Enhancing the Sustainability of Outdoor Floodlighting for Cultural Heritage Buildings
Christian Wiman ✨ pic.twitter.com/r95fWwZZmP
— Dr. Maya C. Popa (@MayaCPopa) May 28, 2023
Abiit sed non oblitus | Houghton County Michigan
One-hundred-twenty-five years ago, hardy and hard-working Finnish Lutheran immigrants founded a school in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Their lives were marked by a gritty quality captured in the Finnish term, sisu – grit and perseverance in the face of adversity. Citing financial difficulties related to demographic changes, the Board of Trustees announced that the Class of 2023 was Finlandia’s final graduating class.
“The Board of Trustees and University President Timothy Pinnow stated the extremely difficult decision is the result of an intensive analysis of Finlandia’s operations after exploring all potentially feasible strategic alternatives, including the rigorous search for new partnerships and reorganization of the institution’s finances. With financial challenges impacting liberal arts colleges throughout the country, Finlandia is no exception….
The combination of demographic changes, with fewer high school graduates available, a steep decrease in interest in going to college among those graduates, a dwindling endowment, and an unbearable debt load have made Finlandia no longer viable…
…Finlandia University has finalized eight Teach-Out Agreements with Adrian College, Bay College, Michigan Technological University, Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Northern Michigan University, University of Dubuque, Waldorf University, and Wartburg College. Several non-partnering institutions have also made commitments to supporting FinnU students in incredible ways…”
Board of Trustees vote to dissolve University wind up affairs in orderly manner
Last year, Finlandia University awarded over 3 million dollars to dreamers, achievers and future entrepreneurs. See if you qualify for Finlandia’s Rise Together Free Tuition Scholarship by visiting https://t.co/7Mbd7e6iLS pic.twitter.com/09LBPPg8cG
— Finlandia University (@FinlandiaU) February 15, 2023
“History of the Finns in Michigan” 2001 | Armas K. E. Holmio
Finlandia University’s Baccalaureate and Commencement activities for the Class of 2023 are scheduled for Sunday, May 7.
To see the full Spring 2023 Commencement Weekend schedule, visit the link below! 🎓🎓https://t.co/n49yPJoimn pic.twitter.com/aJvRHjarLa
— Finlandia University (@FinlandiaU) April 24, 2023
Join us next Tuesday for the 5th annual #Kalevala reading marathon! Pop in and listen or even read a rune! For more info and to register, fill in this form: https://t.co/LH8Pj4IMjV pic.twitter.com/koBXXBisu9
— Finlandia University Finnish & Nordic Studies (@FinlandiaNordic) February 24, 2023
Peppermint Coffee
“Established in 1956, National University of Natural Medicine is the oldest accredited naturopathic medical university in North America and a leader in natural medicine education and evidence-based research. As one of the most respected universities of natural medicine in the world, our participation in international medical education and research is routinely solicited. We believe in the healing power of nature, and that food is medicine.”
Peppermint, scientifically known as Mentha × piperita, is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata). It belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which also includes other aromatic herbs like basil, rosemary, and lavender. Here are some key scientific points about peppermint:
Botanical Classification: Lamiaceae
Characteristics: Peppermint is a herbaceous perennial plant known for its distinctive minty aroma and flavor. It has square-shaped stems, serrated leaves, and produces small purple or white flowers in spikes.
Chemical Composition: The characteristic flavor and scent of peppermint are attributed to its essential oil, which contains menthol as a major component. Other compounds found in peppermint oil include menthone, menthyl acetate, and various terpenoids.
Cultivation: Peppermint is a hardy plant and is known to grow well in a variety of climates. It is often cultivated for commercial purposes, both for its culinary use and the extraction of essential oils.
Peppermint has been adapted for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. Its essential oil is extracted for use in aromatherapy, and peppermint tea is a common herbal infusion enjoyed for both its taste and potential health benefits.
Bastyr University: Herbal Science Program
University of California Berkely Jepson Herbaria
Maryland University Integrative Health: Herbal Medicine
“The Coffee House Orator” 1880 | Edgar Bundy
Why Can No One Think Rationally Anymore? – George Mack
Weddings
“Marriage is a duel to the death
which no man should decline”
— G.K. Chesterton
“Wedded” 1882 Lord Frederic Leighton
…”Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor.
For if one falls down, his companion can lift him up;
but pity the one who falls without another to help him up!…
– Ecclesiastes 4:9
University of Michigan Botanical Gardens
Vanderbilt University | Davidson County Tennessee
University of Rochester New York
University of Minnesota | Hennepin County
Oxford University
University of Chicago | Cook County
Vanderbilt University | Davidson County Tennessee
Saginaw Valley State University | Saginaw County Michigan
More
“Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh” — Genesis 2:24
International Building Code §303.3 Assembly Group A-2
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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