Abstract: Documented in this guide are methods and designs to mitigate interruptions, equipment damage, and personnel safety issues resulting from animal intrusions into electric power supply substations, thereby improving reliability and safety, and minimizing the associated revenue loss.
Scope: This guide documents methods and designs to mitigate interruptions, equipment damage, and personnel safety issues resulting from animal intrusions into electric power supply substations, thereby improving reliability and safety, and minimizing the associated revenue loss.
Purpose: Intrusion by animals into electric power supply substations has been a problem experienced by most of the electric utility industry. The costs associated with outages caused by animals continue to escalate. Although animal problems differ in nature geographically, the damage to equipment, interruption of or loss of service to customers, and safety problems encountered by operating personnel result in similar general concerns. This guide identifies various animals, the problems they cause, and mitigation methods. Further, it recommends criteria for applying mitigation methods, documents survey-reported effectiveness of various methods, and recommends factors for evaluating effectiveness of methods once they are applied.
“The Jack Pine” | Tom Thomson (1916) | National Gallery of Canada
Originally posted January 2014
In these clips — selected from Canadian Parliamentary debate in 2013 — we observe three points of view about Incorporation by reference(IBR); a legislative drafting technique that is the act of including a second document within a main document by referencing the second document.
This technique makes an entire second (or referenced) document a part of the main document. The consensus documents in which we advocate #TotalCostofOwnership concepts are incorporated by reference into legislation dealing with safety and sustainability at all levels of government. This practice — which many consider a public-private partnership — is a more effective way of driving best practices for technology, and the management of technology, into regulated industries.
Parent legislation — such as the Higher Education Act of 1965, the Clean Air Act and the Energy Policy Act – almost always require intermediary bureaucracies to administer the specifics required to accomplish the broad goals of the legislation. With the gathering pace of governments everywhere expanding their influence over larger parts of the technologies at the foundation of national economies; business and technology standards are needed to secure that influence. These standards require competency in the application of political, technical and financial concepts; competencies that can only be afforded by incumbent interests who build the cost of their advocacy into the price of the product or service they sell to our industry. Arguably, the expansion of government is a reflection of the success of incumbents in business and technical standards; particularly in the compliance and conformity industries.
About two years ago, the US debate on incorporation by reference has been taken to a new level with the recent statement released by the American Bar Association (ABA):
The incorporation by reference policy dilemma has profound implications for how we safely and economically design, operate and maintain our “cities-within-cities” in a sustainable manner but, admittedly, the results are only visible in hindsight over a time horizon that often exceed the tenure of a typical college or university president.
A recent development — supporting the claims of ANSI and its accredited standards developers — is noteworthy:
The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) manages a website — Standards.GOV — that is a single access point for consensus standards incorporated by reference into the Code of Federal Regulations: Standards Incorporated by Reference Database. Note that this database does not include specific reference to safety and sustainability codes which are developed by standards setting organizations (such as NFPA, ICC, IEEE, ASHRAE and others) and usually incorporated by reference into individual state public safety and technology legislation.
LEARN MORE:
We applaud the Federal Government’s commitment to fund free access to the National Building Codes that are developed by the @NRC_CNRC. As a not-for-profit developer of standards that contribute to the health, safety and well-being of Canadians, CSA Group…https://t.co/QqhdkDvb7spic.twitter.com/1KRDvxDTaC
Elevators rely on electricity to function, and when there’s a power outage, the main source of power is disrupted. Modern elevators often have backup power systems, such as generators or battery packs, to lower the cab to the nearest floor and open the doors, but these systems may not work optimally, or be connected to all elevators or may not exist in older or less well-maintained buildings.
Today we start with getting the source of power right; leaving complicating factors such as alarms, reset and restart sequences. NFPA 110 is the parent standard which references NFPA 70.
Alumni Memorial Hall was built as a war memorial and multi-purpose alumni building — not originally as an art museum; though it became — and still is — a gathering point for alumni who donated their collections to the University. Its inspiration originated in 1864 shortly after the Civil War, to honor University of Michigan students, faculty, and alumni who died in that conflict and all conflicts thereafter.
What’s your hangover cure? How was your saturday fry up? Sophie from Edinburgh uni’s breakfast show wants to know!! Follow us on instagram for more @freshairbreakfast 🍳🍳 #breakfast#pollockhalls#edinburghuni
Though modest in size (5.5 million population now — half the size of Michigan’s population) Scotland has exercised an influence upon Western learning far beyond its population. The Scottish Enlightenment fostered a culture that prized careful observation, practical invention, and disciplined inquiry. From James Watt’s improvements to the steam engine and Thomas Telford’s bridges and roads, to James Clerk Maxwell’s unification of electricity and magnetism, Scottish scientists and engineers transformed the modern world. Medicine advanced through Joseph Lister’s antiseptic methods and Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin.
Scotland also gave enduring voice to moral philosophy through Adam Smith and David Hume, whose writings continue to shape commerce, law, and public life. Its universities educated generations of engineers, physicians, clergy, teachers, and public servants who carried these traditions throughout the English-speaking world. Their legacy reminds us that lasting progress is seldom the work of isolated genius alone. It emerges from institutions that honor disciplined scholarship, practical craftsmanship, and the faithful transmission of knowledge from one generation to the next.
Today we review a draft of an article that covers, in our view, an obvious oversight in the 2026 National Electrical Code. It is an expansion of a proposal already submitted to the National Electrical Code Technical Correlating Committee and will support challenges to its adoption into the 2029 NEC revision. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Restore the NESC to the Front End of the NEC
Michael A. Anthony | Glenn T. Keates
Abstract. It may seem like a small thing — to restore the cross-reference to the IEEE National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) at the front end of the NFPA National Electrical Code (NEC) where it used to be — but it is not. This paper explains why restoration of the NEC’s peer document is necessary in the 2029 Edition of the NEC, now under development.
The reasons are both technical and cultural, touching on a minefield of sensitivities about safety, sustainability, and economic development associated with the data center (artificial intelligence) zeitgeist.
Customer owned interactive sources are not new. Customer-owned load-side electric services at transmission voltages for private developers and university-adjacent hyperscale installations present consideration are new.[x]
The NESC, in contrast, maintains a clear “handshake” reference to the NEC in its Scope statement (Section 011). This paper argues for the restoration of a prominent NESC cross-reference in NEC Article 90.2(A)(2) for the 2029 edition. The proposal (Public Input No. 3687-NFPA 70-2026) has already been submitted to NFPA Technical Committee CMP-1.
I’m in charge of dinner tonight, so Little Miss H and I are going to make Tomato Soup and Grilled Cheese sandwiches! It’s such an easy dinner that she can do almost all of it herself, I’ll just need to talk her through it. Find my recipe in the comments! pic.twitter.com/GVAi3t0I8f
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
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