Purpose: This study explored the impacts of elite-level youth sport participation on family life.
Methodology: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of youth athletes (N = 17).
Findings: Parents extensively talked about the temporal demands of elite youth sports and necessity of time management. Three domains were found in parents’ accounts including, children’s time, parents’ time, and family’s time; temporal opportunities and challenges were identified within each domain. Time spent on sports was perceived positively, keeping children out of trouble and from video games/time online; however, it left no time for other activities. Although parents sacrificed their own activities to facilitate their child’s sports participation, they used the practice and tournament time to engage in personal interests, such as reading or exercising. Likewise, family’s time was restricted by youth sport schedules, but parents managed to turn car rides or tournament trips into quality family time.
Practical implications: Findings can be used by youth sport practitioners to enhance children and parents’ experiences.
Research contribution: Findings contribute to the literature by assessing the impacts of elite-level youth sports participation on family life.
Originality: The intricacies of how time-on task relates to parents’ relationship with their child’s sport have been understudied.
Today we examine best practice literature for education building structures developed by accredited and consortia standards developers such as ASCE, ACI, AISC, ASTM, AWS, CRSI, ICC, NFPA and IEEE. The US education industry among the top three largest building construction markets; with annual new and renovated building construction running close to $100 billion annually.
We limit our coverage to low-risk regions in the US, such as areas with minimal seismic activity, low risk of flooding and moderate weather conditions. Another huge topic which we will likely break up into separate modules in the fullness of time. For now, we sweep through the basics:
Foundation
Site Analysis:
Conduct soil testing to determine its bearing capacity and composition.
Ensure the site is properly graded and drained to prevent water accumulation.
Foundation Type:
Slab-on-Grade: Common in residential buildings. A concrete slab is poured directly on the ground.
Basement: Provides additional living space and storage, common in residential buildings.
Design and Preparation:
Use rebar reinforcement to strengthen the concrete.
Install vapor barriers to prevent moisture from seeping through the foundation.
Properly compact the soil to prevent settling and shifting.
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, U.S. standards developers — the International Code Council (ICC) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) topmost among them — responded with revisions to technical standards based on thirty findings of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These changes aimed to enhance structural integrity, fire safety, and evacuation procedures in high-rise buildings.
Increased Structural Robustness: Codes were updated to improve resistance to progressive collapse, where the failure of one structural element spreads to others. This included increasing the minimum thickness of steel beams and columns and adding more connections between structural elements.
Concrete Reinforcement: Structures like One World Trade Center adopted reinforced concrete cores and thicker structural elements to withstand extreme events.
Fire SafetyEnhanced Fire Resistance: Higher standards for fire-resistant materials were introduced, including mandates for fire sprinklers and smoke alarms in high-rise buildings.
Fire Protection Systems: Improved requirements for active fire protection systems, such as sprinklers, to mitigate fire spread.
Egress and EvacuationElevator Requirements: Elevators are now required in high-rise buildings over 120 feet tall to aid firefighters in accessing upper floors without climbing stairs with heavy equipment.
Additional Stairways: High-rises over 420 feet must include an extra stairway to ensure multiple egress paths.
Exit Path Markings: Self-luminous or photoluminescent exit path markings were mandated to guide occupants to exits during low-visibility emergencies, applied to both new and existing high-rise buildings.
Increased Exit Spacing: Exit enclosures must be spaced farther apart to prevent a single event, like a fire, from blocking multiple exits.
Emergency Communication and PreparednessImproved Communication Systems: Codes now require better communication systems for emergency responders to coordinate during crises, addressing the breakdown in communication during 9/11.
Evacuation Procedures: Elevators can now be used for evacuation in some fire scenarios, a shift from the traditional reliance on stairs, improving evacuation efficiency.
Blast-Resistant Features: Designs for high-profile buildings, like One World Trade Center, incorporated blast-resistant bases (e.g., a 185-foot concrete base) to protect against street-level attacks.
Changes were debated to balance safety with construction costs, with some measures (like exit markings) having minimal cost but significant benefits. Not all proposals were adopted due to cost concerns or feasibility, but they spurred further structural design advancements. These changes reflect a shift toward designing buildings to withstand extreme, unpredictable events like terrorist attacks, beyond traditional natural disaster scenarios.
Partial listing. We have until July 15th to comment on committee action
Our proposal G153-25: Page 754
Michigan Modular G195-25: Page 859
“Clinical Need” definition for enhanced security: Page 765
“Electric Vehicle Charger” definition by the National Parking Association/Parking Consultant’s Council: Page 457
“EV Charging Space” definition: Page 458
“EV Supply Equipment” definition: Page 460
ADM20-25 Authority of building official in natural disasters and high hazard regions, p141
ASM3-25 Electrical equipment re-use, p195
G2-25. New definition for Animal Housing Facilities, p438
S57-25. Quite a bit of back and forth on wind and PV “farms, p1053, et. al (“Wind and solar farms are different from animal and produce farms” — Mike Anthony)
G143-25 Lighting Section 1204L remote rooms, windowless rooms, University of Texas Austin student accommodation costs, p. 737-
PM31-25 Housekeeping and sanitation in owned property as law, p1794
PM50-25, Sleeping units to be private, p.1829
RB146-25. Energy storage systems installed in garages, requirements for physical protection, p. 2195
RB144-25, Load capacity ratings and compliance with NFPA 855, p. 2186
RB143-25, Working roof walking access around solar panels, p. 2180
SP1-25 New definition of base flood elevation for purpose of correlating requirements for electrical safety, et. al, p. 2578
Today we examine the catalog of several ANSI-accredited, consortia and ad hoc standard developers with titles relevant to the planning, construction and management of the built environment of education communities nested within human settlements characterized by a high population density, extensive infrastructure, and various economic, social, and cultural activities. In other words, from the point of view of a campus as a “city within a city” with attention to infrastructure.
Several organizations and bodies in the United States that develop model codes and standards related to zoning and land use. These model codes and standards are often adopted or referenced by municipalities in their zoning ordinances. Here are some prominent organizations and their model codes:
Each of the foregoing titles have some bearing upon decisions about land use. However, keep in mind, that zoning regulations are primarily established at the local level by municipalities, cities, and counties, rather than through national standard bodes. These organizations and their codes provide guidance and best practices for zoning, but specific regulations can vary significantly between different jurisdictions. They are frequently incorporated by reference into regulations by governments at all levels.
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Here are some community colleges in the United States that are embedded within cities, offering students the advantages of an urban setting:
City College of San Francisco – San Francisco, California
Los Angeles City College – Los Angeles, California
Borough of Manhattan Community College – New York, New York
Miami Dade College – Wolfson Campus – Miami, Florida
City College of Chicago – Chicago, Illinois
Seattle Central College – Seattle, Washington
Austin Community College – Rio Grande Campus – Austin, Texas
Houston Community College – Central Campus – Houston, Texas
San Antonio College – San Antonio, Texas
Portland Community College – Cascade Campus – Portland, Oregon
Washtenaw Community College – Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti, Michigan
These community colleges not only provide access to higher education but also offer the benefits of being located within major urban centers, including proximity to job markets, cultural institutions, and public transportation.
*After the Roman period, Bath remained a small town until the 18th century, when it became a fashionable spa destination for the wealthy. The architect John Wood the Elder designed much of the city’s Georgian architecture, including the famous Royal Crescent and the Circus. Bath also played an important role in the English literary scene, as several famous authors, including Jane Austen, lived and wrote in the city. During the 19th century, Bath’s popularity declined as other spa towns became fashionable. In the 20th century, the city experienced significant redevelopment and preservation efforts, including the restoration of its Roman baths and the construction of a new spa complex.
Today, Bath is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination known for its historical and cultural significance.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
