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Lights Out

2026 National Electrical Code Workspace

“If You Can Measure It, You Can Improve It” (Lord Kelvin)

Operational Resilience of Hospital Journal Article Published Inaugural Issue

IEEE | Critical Operations Power Systems: Improving Risk Assessment in Emergency Facilities with Reliability Engineering

Consuting-Specifying Engineer | Risk Assessments for Critical Operations Power Systems

Electrical Construction & Maintenance | Critical Operations Power Systems

International City County Management Association | Critical Operations Power Systems: Success of the Imagination

Facilities Manager | Critical Operations Power Systems: The Generator in Your Backyard

Resilience of Hospital Power Systems in the Digital Age

Rightsizing Electrical Power Systems

Reliability Analysis for Power to Fire Pumps

Risk Assessment in Emergency Facilities

Smart Medical Campus Power

2023 National Electrical Safety Code

National Electrical Code: Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations (Section 110.5 was revised to include aluminum wiring which can cut the cost of running large chunks of campus power by 2/3rds and increase campus power reliability by cutting the cost of backup feeders)

IEEE-TV Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee

Every day is a “standards” journey!

“Library is the Kitchen of the University”

Kenya Bureau of Standards

KEBS: Kenya Membership Body to International Standardization Organization

Places of Worship

“The Church is not a gallery for the exhibition of eminent Christians,

but a school for the education of imperfect ones.”

— Henry Ward Beecher

WEBCAST Committee Action Hearings, Group A #2

2024 International Building Code: Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification and Use

In the International Code Council catalog of best practice literature we find the first principles for safety in places of worship tracking in the following sections of the International Building Code (IBC):

Section 303 Assembly Group A

“303.1.4: Accessory religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums with occupant loads less than 100 per room or space are not considered separate occupancies.” This informs how fire protection systems are designed.

Section 305 Educational Group E

“305.2.1: Rooms and spaces within places of worship proving such day care during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy.” This group includes building and structures or portions thereof occupied by more than five children older than 2-1/2 years of age who receive educational, supervision or personal care services for fewer than 24 hours per day.

Section 308 Institutional Group I

“308.5.2: Rooms and spaces within places of religious worship providing [Group I-4 Day Care Facilities] during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy. When [Group I-4 Day Care Facilities] includes buildings and structures occupied by more than five persons of any age who receive custodial care for fewer than 24 hours per day by persons other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person cared for.

Tricky stuff — and we haven’t even included conditions under which university-affiliated places of worship may expected to be used as community storm shelters.

Oral Roberts University facebook cover oklahoma chapel INTERIOR 1922 719

chapel_banner st peters college oxford university UK international interior may need attribution 1921 722

yale chapel connecticut needs attribution 1919 719

coast guard academy chapel flickr another low angle view 1919 719

Interior_of_West_Point_Cadet_Chapel army 1919 719

Pontificia Università della Santa Croce international italy 1921 721

Georgetown University chapel spring facebook cover 1921 721

Budget-1_notre_dame chapel 1921 721 featured

southern-methodist-university-perkins-chapel-dallas-texas-5 1921 721

Wake forest university chapel night shot facebook cover susan sharpless 1921 719

Chapel at the University of the Incarnate Word wiki 1919 721

2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

~~Public response to Committee Actions taken in Orlando in April will be received until July 8th.~~

Because standard development tends to be a backward-looking domain it is enlightening to understand the concepts in play in previous editions. The complete monograph of proposals for new building safety concepts for places of worship for the current revision cycle is linked below:

2021/2022 Code Development: Group B

A simple search on the word “worship” will reveal what ideas are in play. With the Group B Public Comment Hearings now complete ICC administered committees are now curating the results for the Online Governmental Consensus Vote milestone in the ICC process that was completed December 6th. Status reports are linked below:

2018/2019 Code Development: Group B

Note that a number of proposals that passed the governmental vote are being challenged by a number of stakeholders in a follow-on appeals process:

2019 Group B Appeals

A quick review of the appeals statements reveals some concern over process, administration and technical matters but none of them directly affect how leading practice for places of worship is asserted.

We are happy to get down in the weeds with facility professionals on other technical issues regarding other occupancy classes that are present in educational communities. See our CALENDAR for next Construction (Ædificare) colloquium open to everyone.

Issue: [17-353]

Category: Chapels

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja, Richard Robben, Larry Spielvogel

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Religion is a culture of faith; science is a culture of doubt. pic.twitter.com/H6dgJ5DnSC

— Prof. Feynman (@ProfFeynman) October 8, 2023

Evensong “We Gather Together”

Standards Minnesota

St. Olaf College | Dakota County Minnesota

“We Gather Together” is a hymn of Dutch origin that dates back to the late 16th century. It was written in 1597 to celebrate the Dutch victory over Spanish forces in the Battle of Turnhout, part of the Eighty Years’ War. The hymn’s original Dutch title is “Wilt heden nu treden,” and it was composed by Adrianus Valerius with the music arranged by Eduard Kremser.

The hymn expresses gratitude for deliverance from oppression and has been associated with themes of thanksgiving and communal celebration. It was brought to America by Dutch settlers and became widely popular in the United States, particularly for its use during Thanksgiving services and celebrations.

The English version, commonly sung in the United States and Canada, was translated by Theodore Baker in 1894. Over time, “We Gather Together” has become a beloved hymn in North America, often sung at Thanksgiving gatherings and religious services to express gratitude and unity.

Arboreta

“On Holiday (Girl resting on the grass)” 1879 Kuznetsov Nikolai Dmitrievich

University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens

St. John’s University

University of Florida

Harvard University

Lunds universitet Scania

Swarthmore College Pennsylvania

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Anglo-americká vysoká škola, z.ú. Czech Republic

Michigan State University

University of the Ozarks

Freie Universität Berlin

Kent State University

Uniwersytet Warszawski

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Bard College / New York

Michigan State University Healing Garden

Japanese Garden | Normandale Community College Minnesota

东北师范大学 | Northeast Normal University | Changchun, Jilin, China

University of Michigan | Matthaei Botanical Gardens

Shenandoah University | Winchester, Virginia

Princeton University Secret Garden | Photo by Sarah Ly

King’s College | London, United Kingdom

École Normale Supérieure | Paris, France

Arizona Cactus Garden | Stanford University

Duke University / North Carolina

Oxford University

University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

University of Helsinki Botanical Garden

University of Notre Dame / South Bend, Indiana

University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway

Florida Tech Botanical Garden

University of Nottingham

Smith University Botanical Garden

Aarhus University | Denmark

High Point University | North Carolina

Universiteit Stellenbosch | Western Cape, South Africa

Louisiana State University

Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

Rutgers University

Great Court University of Queensland Australia

University of Oklahoma

Wageningen University | The Netherlands

More

Bucolia 300

Trees

Nursery Stock

Family Walking Tour

South Africa

Dostojno jest

The Cracow University of Economics campus is located in the centre of Krakow in the close neighborhood of the main railway station and bus station Kraków Główny. The University owns 15 buildings where lectures and classes take place, including other facilities like: language centre, library, sport facilities, canteens and cafes, career centre and university clinic.

Campus Facilities

History of Western Civilization Told Through the Acoustics of its Worship Spaces

Polska

Fountains

“Temple, Fountain and Cave in Sezincote Park” | Thomas Daniell (1819) | Yale Center for British Art

From time to time we break from our interest in lowering the cost of our “cities-within-cities” to enjoy the work of our colleagues responsible for seasonal ambience and public art. We have a dedicated post that celebrates the accomplishments of our gardeners and horticultural staff. Today we dedicate a post to campus fountains–a focal point for gathering and a place for personal reflection for which there is no price.

Alas, we find a quickening of standards developing organizations growing their footprint in the spaces around buildings now. They used to confine the scopes of their standardization enterprises to the building envelope. That day will soon be behind us as an energized cadre of water rights social justice workers, public safety, sustainability and energy conservation professionals descend upon campus fountains with prescriptive requirements for evaporation rates, bromine concentrations, training, certification and inspections. In other words regulators and conformity functionaries will outnumber benefactors and fountain designers 1 million to 1.

We will deal with all that when the day comes. For the moment, let’s just enjoy them.

We are happy to walk you through the relevant structural, water safety, plumbing and electrical issues any day at 11 AM EST during our daily standing online teleconferences. Click on any image for author attribution, photo credit or other information.