Square D was founded in 1902 in Detroit, Michigan, by Bryson Dexter Horton and James B. McCarthy as McBride Manufacturing Company, focusing on electrical fuses. By 1908, it became Detroit Fuse and Manufacturing, adopting the iconic “Square D” logo—a “D” in a square—reflecting its Detroit roots.
Renamed Square D in 1917, the company pioneered safety switches and circuit breakers, growing significantly with 18,500 employees and $1.65 billion in sales by 1991. That year, after a competitive 10-week bidding process, French multinational Groupe Schneider S.A. acquired Square D for $2.23 billion, raising its offer from $1.96 billion to $88 per share.
The acquisition, approved by Square D’s board and the U.S. Justice Department, made Schneider Electric the world’s largest electrical distribution equipment manufacturer, integrating Square D’s innovative products into its global energy management portfolio.
Underwriters Laboratories catalog is heavy on product titles (because manufacturers can build the cost of conformance into the product and pass it on to the user) and light on system interoperability titles (our primary concern). Many titles are US adaptations of IEC, ITU and ISO titles. We follow a few when they are heavily referenced into the same interoperability titles such as the National Electrical Code and the International Building Code. We refer most — but not all — electrotechnology titles to IEEE E&H). IEEE E&H meets 4 times monthly and is open to everyone.
Non-electrotechnology titles):
3600 Standard for Measuring and Reporting Circular Economy Aspects of Products, Sites and Organizations (December 6)
Electrotechnology titles: Workspace re-organization should be complete by end of 2022
489 Standard for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches and Circuit-Breaker (January 16)
1778 Standard for Safety for Uninterruptible Power Systems (January 16)
2201 Standard for Safety for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emission Rate of Portable Generators (December 19)
3600 Standard for Measuring and Reporting Circular Economy Aspects of Products, Sites and Organizations (December 6)
62990 Standard for Safety for Workplace Atmospheres (October 9) – 217 Standard for Safety for Smoke Alarms (August 28) – 1480 Standard for Safety for Speakers for Fire Alarm and Signaling Systems, Including Accessories (November 27) – 231-202x, Standard for Safety for Power Outlets (September 25) 268 Standard for Safety for Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems (November 13) – 283 Standard for Central-Station Alarm Services (May 10) – 325 Standard for Safety for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems (October 3) – 347A Standard for Safety for Medium Voltage Power Conversion Equipment (April 3) 1004-5 Standard for Safety for Fire Pump Motors (September 12) – 1072 Standard for Safety for Medium-Voltage Power Cables (September 11) 1998 Standard for Safety for Software in Programmable Components (November 6) – 2251 Standard for Safety for Plugs, Receptacles, and Couplers for Electric Vehicles (October 10)
– UL 2580 Standard for Safety for Batteries for Use in Electric Vehicles (April 24)
– Standard for Photovoltaic (PV) Modules – Type Approval, Design and Safety Qualification – Retesting (national adoption with modifications of IEC 62915). The revisions appear to be largely harmonization revisions; updating normative references. (March 20)
– 2800 Standard for Safety for Medical Device Interoperability. Referred to IEEE E&H (April 3)
– 347A Standard for Safety for Medium Voltage Power Conversion Equipment (April 3)
– 414 Standard for Safety for Meter Sockets (April 3)
– 347 Standard for Safety for Medium-Voltage AC Contactors, Controllers, and Control Centers (August 14)
– 1996 Standard for Safety for Electric Duct Heaters (August 21)
– 6142 Standard for Small Wind Turbine Systems (August 21)
– 8801 Standard for Safety for Photovoltaic (PV) Luminaire Systems (May 10)
– 61800 Standard for Safety for Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems (April 24)
– 60950 Standard for Safety for Information Technology Equipment (May 9)
– 1480 Standard for Safety for Speakers for Fire Alarm and Signaling Systems, Including Accessories (July 26)
– 2200 Standard for Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies (June 19)
– 2388 Standard for Safety for Flexible Lighting Products (June 20)
2900 Standard for Safety for Software Cybersecurity for Network-Connectable Products (October 11)
Open agenda; Not Too Organized. Whatever anyone wants to talk about. We do meet once a month like this. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
If we were running that upgrade of the dining facility at the business school — instead of Sodexo — we would complete it in six months. Alas, by some strange bureaucratic configuration, the project is taking 24 months. Until then we meet at the Golf Course on the South Athletic Campus where, admittedly, parking is easier.
Did you know that for more than 50 years, NIST called D.C. home? Due to the city’s rapid growth and the resulting noise and disturbances, NIST moved to rural Maryland. The area helped the campus to grow, and scientists could make their sensitive measurements without interference. pic.twitter.com/Yr15JKh3Ch
— National Institute of Standards and Technology (@NIST) September 22, 2025
NYC bagels & pizza owe their fame to the city’s tap water—soft, pure, and gravity-fed from the Catskills/Delaware watersheds. Discover how NYC delivers 1.1B gallons/day to 9M people, and why #NSFANSI standards help keep it safe. @NSF_Intl#SafeWater#NYChttps://t.co/IQlnLzpkiu
📣Inviting SMEs to have your say and shape a standard for the built environment.
Participate in the public consultation of PAS 1958, designed to support UK SMEs with data and information management and decision-making, facilitating the use of AI within the sector.
A massive number of colleges and universities have shut down within the last couple of years, or will shut down in the next few.
Many of these colleges have cited financial hardship or enrollment decline as reasons for closure. But what’s really going on? 🧵 pic.twitter.com/MoF1Iiejzd
We had so much fun celebrating the magic of this Swedish tradition by making flower wreaths, dancing around the maypole, enjoying a smorgasbord buffet and music with our American friends, families and allies here in DC. pic.twitter.com/NC9tEKa4RS
— Embassy of Sweden USA (@SwedeninUSA) June 21, 2024
In honor of Charles-Augustin de Coulomb’s birthday, we would like you to know that 1 coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.24 quintillion (billion billion) electrons! pic.twitter.com/VnrLu0Lb0P
— National Institute of Standards and Technology (@NIST) June 14, 2024
In honor of Charles-Augustin de Coulomb’s birthday, we would like you to know that 1 coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.24 quintillion (billion billion) electrons! pic.twitter.com/VnrLu0Lb0P
— National Institute of Standards and Technology (@NIST) June 14, 2024
📢📢📢
MSU Observatory will be open for public observing twice a month between April and September. Stay tuned for our public events schedule.. 🔭🌕🪐💫@MSUNatSci@michiganstateu
Video credit: EA Photography
Audio credit: Epicomposer pic.twitter.com/hGF9oEidqd
The IEEE P3119 draft standard is designed to help strengthen AI procurement approaches, using due diligence to ensure that agencies are critically evaluating the AI services and tools they acquire.https://t.co/ujVJxZqjEm@InstituteIEEE
— IEEE Standards Association | IEEE SA (@IEEESA) May 19, 2024
— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) May 25, 2024
The word #standard is commonly used in daily language, so much so that people do not always reflect on its definition. Learn how ASTM International’s Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees (aka “Green Book”) defines them. #standards See https://t.co/oSBmwh1lbXpic.twitter.com/ynk87XDr7D
— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) May 18, 2024
🏆 We applaud the brilliant minds shortlisted for the 2024 IEEE PES Power Engineering Education Committee (PEEC) Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award!
The average professional in this country wakes up in the morning, goes to work, comes home, eats dinner, and then goes to sleep, unaware that he or she has likely committed several federal crimes that day. Why? The answer lies in the very nature of modern federal criminal laws, which have exploded in number but also become impossibly broad and vague.
In Three Felonies a Day, Harvey A. Silverglate reveals how federal criminal laws have become dangerously disconnected from the English common law tradition and how prosecutors can pin arguable federal crimes on any one of us, for even the most seemingly innocuous behavior.
The volume of federal crimes in recent decades has increased well beyond the statute books and into the morass of the Code of Federal Regulations, handing federal prosecutors an additional trove of vague and exceedingly complex and technical prohibitions to stick on their hapless targets.
The dangers spelled out in Three Felonies a Day do not apply solely to “white collar criminals,” state and local politicians, and professionals. No social class or profession is safe from this troubling form of social control by the executive branch, and nothing less than the integrity of our constitutional democracy hangs in the balance.
ASTM International (formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials) is a globally recognized organization that develops and publishes technical standards for a wide range of products, systems, and services. These standards are used by manufacturers, regulatory bodies, and other stakeholders to ensure that products and services are safe, reliable, and of high quality.
In the field of measurement science, ASTM plays an important role in developing standards and guidelines for measurement techniques and practices. These standards cover a wide range of topics related to measurement science, including the calibration of instruments, the characterization of measurement systems, and the validation of measurement results. They are used by researchers, engineers, and other professionals in academia, industry, and government to ensure that measurements are accurate, precise, and reliable.
ASTM standards for measurement science are developed through a process that involves input from experts in the field, including researchers, industry professionals, and regulatory bodies. These standards are updated regularly to reflect advances in measurement science and technology, as well as changes in industry and regulatory requirements. This is a far better way to discover and promulgate leading practice. In fact, there are regulations intended to restrain the outsized influence of vertical incumbents in legislative precincts where market-making happens.
Northwest High School junior Cooper Lutkenhaus has run the fastest 800-meter race in the world for any athlete younger than 18! Cooper set the new U18 world best at the USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships by running a time of 1:42.27 to earn silver. pic.twitter.com/5imZ9yZHLN
The U.S. men’s four won gold for the first time at the U23 World Championships. Ryan Martin, Wilson Morton, Sam Sullivan, and Lyle Donovan are victorious in the A Final, winning by 2.25 seconds. pic.twitter.com/2fAtSEwewA
Over the weekend, Anhelina Khmil earned a second place finish at the CEV Nations Cup Final in Portugal as part of the Ukrainian team! pic.twitter.com/2zuEa9wk9c
The bottom of the ground was nothing for Emily Beisel! She moves into the Top 4 of her set by almost two tenths of a second to lock in her place at the Cheyenne Frontier Days Semifinals. pic.twitter.com/1uDeztOlZM
— The Cowboy Channel (@Cowboy_Channel) July 20, 2025
Savannah Sutherland d capped an incredible career at Michigan with her second NCAA title and has been named the 2024-25 Female Michigan Athlete of the Year! 〽️ #LeadersAndBest
— Michigan Track & Field / Cross Country (@UMichTrack) June 23, 2025
𝐀𝐔𝐁𝐔𝐑𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐀𝐔𝐁𝐔𝐑𝐍
Our list of Fences Riders of the Year is getting long…
✔️ 2025: Avery Glynn (SEC & NCEA ROTY); Kate Hagerty (SEC Freshman ROTY)
✔️ 7-straight SEC ROTY awards
✔️ 4 of the last 7 NCEA ROTY honors
✔️ 7 SEC Freshman ROTY awards#WarEaglepic.twitter.com/1bRaWk4ytY
Savannah Sutherland sets the Hodges Stadium facility record and for the second straight year she sets the NCAA East First Round record in the 400H! pic.twitter.com/u48jsKv3Zm
— Michigan Track & Field / Cross Country (@UMichTrack) June 1, 2025
Your Duke family is proud of you guys! Dom and Gavin both fared well in the state tournament!! Dom went 2-2, and Gavin went 7-1! Gavin finished 3rd overall in his weight class!! Congratulations to both boys!! @WEVSD_sports@whsladydukes@AndyPeltzpic.twitter.com/5yEMNYkU7Q
Another @MSU_Hockey BIG10 Championship! What an exciting night at Munn Arena for our Spartan players, coaches, students and fans. Go Green!! pic.twitter.com/u9ZWUTeBVc
Every Thursday, coach Brandon runs men’s IM threshold practice and Coach Sarah & I run the women’s IM group. It’s one of those “all hands on deck” type of day. Last night, in the 400 IM the men went 1-2-3-5-10-11 and the women went 2-3-4-5-6-10-17-22. pic.twitter.com/pCfhLWSvoA
What a shot at the buzzer! Michigan State pulls off the win at Maryland, 58-55. #Spartans have won four games in a row, including three straight against ranked opponents.pic.twitter.com/1NMM6xdH46
Great day in the weight room at Weatherford High School! We have football, basketball, girls and boys track programs working hard. We are blessed with the best facilities in the state! pic.twitter.com/gvH85GZmoM
The Revere Varsity Competition Squad traveled to Big Walnut High School today to compete in the OASSA State of Ohio Cheerleading Championships! They finished in fourth place, D3 Non Build Division!!! We are so proud of you ladies! @RevereLocalpic.twitter.com/evF06thfAD
Wow! What an amazing couple of weeks for ‘OE’ Justin Davies. He broke the Welsh indoor 800m record at the Keely Klassic and then went on to become the British champion at the UK Indoor Championships! #uptherose 🌟🏅 pic.twitter.com/fgFq5AOX09
— Sport & PE | King Edward’s School (@KESBathSport) February 24, 2025
My girl shot her first ever perfect 5 bullseyes at her county tournament today
Great job girl! pic.twitter.com/Xhyl1bEK0R
“We’re putting every school receiving taxpayer dollars on notice that if you let men take over women’s sports teams or invade your locker rooms, you will be investigated for violations of Title IX and risk your federal funding.” –President Donald J. Trump 🇺🇸 pic.twitter.com/MUd6FAetWr
Remember when it was so cold the rivers and lakes iced over? Our college wild swimmers certainly do – they took the plunge (without wetsuit insulation) and lived to report back! 🥶 pic.twitter.com/CKyLK0ySMu
“We’re feeling confident in our performance so far. We’re being challenged, but so far have managed to stay sharp.” – Catherine Clifford, third
This quote sums up the Canadian women’s performance thus far at the World University Games, as they remain undefeated after two wins on… pic.twitter.com/jetQK1TtbH
“Rowing is more poetry than sport.” — George Pocock (‘Boys in the Boat’ 2024), a British-born boat builder, rowing coach, and influential figure in American rowing, best known for his craftsmanship of racing shells and his philosophical approach to the sport.
We continue sorting through anomalies with Godaddy Tech Support to resolve Standards Michigan requirement for frequent and timely updates across all of our platforms. We got half the problem solved last month when we upgraded to WordPress 6.8.1 but updating was slow on mobile devices. Our normal course of business will not be interrupted as far as our daily colloquia is concerned but we cannot predict the outcome on the images which are an essential part of our work.
Posts are not updating across all platforms — particularly on X on iPhones. Usually a caching problem and not one we haven’t seen before.
Some images will not center.
Footer and right-side widgets not loading properly.
The good news is that all our content, including media, survived the WordPress upgrade. The next step in our “GoDaddy Journey” will be to edit our widgets to reflect our new business address; still proximate to the University of Michigan South Athletic Campus — across the street from our former office with an Olive Garden very nearby.
Always surprises but none that we cannot handle. Much like hardware in ICT, software must also be maintained.
This page will be posted to our X-feed: @StandardsMich to remind our colleagues and followers that software needs to be “maintained”
The founding of many education communities is inspired by faith communities. In many of them the place of worship was the very first building. College and university chapels are central places of worship for students, staff and faculty, and provide a space for solitude and reflection. A place for feeling at home in the world.
There are several hundred technical standards, or parts of standards, that govern how churches and chapels are made safe and sustainable. Owing to innovations in construction, operation and management methods, those standards move, ever so slightly, on a near-daily basis. They are highly interdependent; confounded by county-level adaptations; and impossible to harmonize by adoption cycle. That movement tracked here as best we can within the limit of our resources and priorities. That’s why it’s best to simply click into our daily colloquia if you have a question or need guidance.
The image criteria of our WordPress theme does not permit many images of college and university chapels to be shown fully-dimensioned on sliders or widget galleries. We reproduce a few of the outsized images here and leave the complexities of financing, designing, building and maintaining of them in a safe and sustainable manner for another day. CLICK HERE for the links to our Sacred Space Standards workspace.
Click on any image for author attribution, photo credit or other information*.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
