Code for Fireworks Display

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Code for Fireworks Display

July 4, 2025
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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“Fireworks over Castel Sant’Angelo in Rome” | Jacob Philipp Hackert (1775)

At least twice a year, and during performances with flame effects, public safety departments in colleges and universities have an elevated concern about campus citizen safety, and the safety of the host community, when fireworks are used for celebration.  We find very rigorous prohibitions against the use of fireworks, weapons and explosives on campus.  Education and enforcement usually falls on facility and operation campus safety units.

That much said, we follow development, but do not advocate in NFPA 1123 Code for Fireworks Display, because it lies among a grouping of titles that set the standard of care for many college and university public safety departments that sometimes need to craft prohibitions with consideration for the business purposes of entertainment and celebration in education facilities.   NFPA 1123 is not a long document — only 22 pages of core text — but it contains a few basic considerations for display site selection, clearances and permitting that campus public safety departments will coordinate with the host community.  It references NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience and NFPA 160 Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience.

Something to keep an eye on.  The home page for this code is linked below:

NFPA 1123 Code for Fireworks Display

For a sense of the technical discussions, transcripts of two developmental stages are linked below:

Public Input Report

Public Comment Report

Public comment on 2026 Edition proposed revisions is receivable until May 30, 2024.

We maintain this title on our periodic Prometheus colloquium.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting.

Issue: [16-134]

Category: Public Safety

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja, Richard Robben

 


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July 2, 2025
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Grits are made from dried corn ground into coarse or fine particles. The corn kernels are treated to remove the hull, resulting in hominy, which is then dried and milled into grits. To prepare, the grits are simmered in water, milk, or broth until soft and creamy.

They are served hot with butter, salt, or cheese. Sweet versions might include sugar or honey. In the Southern U.S., grits are sometimes paired with eggs, bacon, sausage, or shrimp for a hearty start to the day.

The Corn Refiners Association and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration provide guidelines for defining and labeling grits:

  1. Ingredients: Grits must be made from corn, typically white or yellow dent corn, and may undergo processes like dehulling or grinding.
  2. Grinding: Grits are classified by texture—stone-ground (coarser) or processed grits (finer).
  3. Preparation: Cooking guidelines suggest a 4:1 liquid-to-grits ratio, simmered until creamy. Traditional grits often use water, milk, or broth.

While variations exist, Southern-style grits generally follow these principles.

Data Points: National Center for Education Statistics

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mike@standardsmichigan.com
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The National Center for Education #Statistics is the primary federal entity for collecting & analyzing #education-related data in the U.S. RTs ≠ endorsements.

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Southern Methodist University | Dallas County

All the work we do intervening in technical standards setting to make educational settlements safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting does not keep pace with the growth rate of the largest non-residential building construction market in the United States which is presently challenged by international demand; but perhaps not for long.

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What do REITs actually build on campus?

  • Most university-linked REIT activity is in student housing.

  • Publicly traded REITs (e.g., American Campus Communities, EdR before acquisition) invest heavily in dormitories, apartments, and mixed-use retail.

  • They typically do not build core academic facilities (labs, classrooms) or administrative buildings.

Why do universities use REITs?

  • To outsource capital costs. Universities avoid debt on their balance sheets.

  • REITs finance, build, and sometimes operate student housing under long-term ground leases or Public-Private Partnerships (P3s).

  • Universities see this as a way to expand housing quickly without issuing bonds.

While REITs don’t “overbuild” in the academic sense, they can fuel:

  • Overcapacity in student housing if enrollment projections are wrong or decline.

  • Pressure to approve new beds even as demand flattens or drops.

  • Long-term financial obligations (e.g., guaranteed occupancy rates in P3 contracts) that burden universities if enrollment falls.

  • Some universities guaranteed minimum occupancy in REIT partnerships. If enrollment dipped, they had to subsidize empty rooms.

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  • Ambitious master plans

  • Competition for prestige

  • Donor-driven construction

  • Misaligned enrollment forecasts

We leave the topic of “Football Field Syndrome” for another day.

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