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ANSI Essential Requirements
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The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA; United States Public Law 104-113) was signed into law March 7, 1996. The Act amended several existing acts and mandated new directions for federal agencies with the purpose of:
- Bringing technology and industrial innovation to market more quickly
- Encouraging cooperative research and development between business and the federal government by providing access to federal laboratories
- Making it easier for businesses to obtain exclusive licenses to technology and inventions that result from cooperative research with the federal government
The NTTAA — along with administrative circular A-119 from the White House Office of Management and Budget — made a direct impact on the development of new industrial and technology standards by requiring that all Federal agencies use privately developed standards, particularly those developed by standards developing organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). In circular A-119 federal agencies were also encouraged to participate in the development of those standards. While discussion continues about how well the US non-government sector is doing to advance national technology strategy continues (see January 17, 2012 White House Memo M-12-08) the US standards system remains the most effective process for advancing national technology and economic priorities for the education university and others.
ANSI is not a standards developing organization itself; it only accredits them according to its Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards. ANSI reports to the National Institute of Standards and Technology; a division of the US Department of Commerce; which reports to The President of the United States. Now comes a proposed revision to Section 3.1 of ANSI’s Patent Policy regarding the inclusion of patents in American national standards:
Comments are due by March 26th. You may comment directly to ANSI at this email address: psa@ansi.org. With respect to our higher priorities, we will not be commenting on this redline, though intellectual property and patent policies are high on the agenda of many research universities. We have advocated in other parts of the ANSI Essential Requirements document in the past, however — a history we are happy to explain at any of our weekly Open Door teleconferences every Wednesday, 11 AM Eastern time. Anyone is welcomed to join these discussions with the login information in the link below:
Issue: [11-31]
Contact: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja, Christine Fischer, Rich Robben
2025 National Patent Application Drafting Competition
After months of hard work, the top five teams met at USPTO headquarters today for the final round of the 2025 National Patent Application Drafting Competition. 🏆 And the winners are … ⬇️
🥇 First place — @UofMNLawSchool pic.twitter.com/uwNSJR0oBy
— USPTO (@uspto) April 4, 2025
Thomas Jefferson was the leader in founding the United States Patent Office. Jefferson was a strong supporter of the patent system and believed that it was essential for promoting innovation and progress in the United States. As the first Secretary of State Jefferson was responsible for implementing the country’s patent system.
Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution reads as follows:
“The Congress shall have Power To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.”
In 1790, Jefferson drafted the first Patent Act, which established the procedures for applying for and granting patents. The act also created the United States Patent Office as a government agency to oversee the patent system. Jefferson appointed the first Patent Board, which was responsible for reviewing patent applications and making recommendations to the Secretary of State.
Jefferson was deeply involved in the early development of the Patent Office and was instrumental in shaping its policies and procedures. He believed that the patent system should be accessible to all inventors, regardless of their social or economic status, and he worked to streamline the patent application process to make it more efficient and user-friendly.
In recognition of his contributions to the development of the patent system, Jefferson is often referred to as the “Father of American Innovation.”
This clause grants Congress the authority to establish a system of patents and copyrights to protect the intellectual property of inventors and authors. The purpose of this system is to encourage innovation and creativity by providing inventors and authors with a temporary monopoly on their creations, allowing them to profit from their work and invest in future projects. The clause also emphasizes the importance of promoting the progress of science and the useful arts, reflecting the belief of the founders that the development of new technologies and inventions was essential for the growth and prosperity of the United States.
Over the years, the Patent Office has played a crucial role in the development of the United States as a technological leader, granting patents for inventions ranging from the telephone and the light bulb to the airplane and the computer. Today, the Patent Office is part of the United States Department of Commerce and is responsible for examining patent applications and issuing patents to inventors and companies.
Welcome to the 2025 National Patent Application Drafting Competition!
2024 National Patent Application Drafting Competition
Congratulations to the winners of this year’s National Patent Application Drafting Competition – Khailee, Bree, Rita, and Maria from @gwlaw, and thank you to all participants! Learn more about the competition: https://t.co/gB64fnXaM6 pic.twitter.com/FWqak6Mr1m
— USPTO (@uspto) April 14, 2023
From creating a race car safety device that protects drivers from injury to revolutionizing chemotherapy, Spartans have contributed to more than 3,300 inventions. #SpartansWill pic.twitter.com/dchCs0BFBx
— MSU (@michiganstateu) February 21, 2025
Innovation and Competitiveness in Artificial Intelligence
The International Trade Administration (ITA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) is requesting public comments to gain insights on the current global artificial intelligence (AI) market. Responses will provide clarity about stakeholder concerns regarding international AI policies, regulations, and other measures which may impact U.S. exports of AI technologies. Additionally, the request for information (RFI) includes inquiries related to AI standards development. ANSI encourages relevant stakeholders to respond by ITA’s deadline of October 17, 2022.
Commerce Department Launches the National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee
Save the date! NIST is set to release our AI Risk Management Framework this week.
📅 Thursday, January 26 at 10am ET
📍 Livestream (no registration needed)Learn more: https://t.co/2YmN2R6bTV pic.twitter.com/muICEyRYcP
— National Institute of Standards and Technology (@NIST) January 23, 2023
Building Interior Substations
At some point transformation of electric energy from distribution voltage to utilization voltage must occur — either proximate to structures on the exterior (where they can present an eyesore to ambience and ‘campus feeling’) or within a building if the architect will design an interior space where switchgear can be operated safely.
Since 1993 we have advocated safety and sustainability of either type of installation in the National Electrical Code. Today we review relevant code requirements respecting relatively new requirements for the education industry’s green agenda.
Hardly anything is a small topic anymore but today we will give it the Ole College Try at the usual hour today @ 15:00 UTC.
General Requirements:
CMP-1 Public Input Report for the 2026 Revision
CMP-1 Public Comment Report for the 2026 Revision
Transformers & Switchgear:
CMP-9 Public Input Report for 2026 Revision
CMP-9 Public Comment Report for 2026 Revision
Related:
University of Michigan Substation Design Guidelines
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Design Guidelines
Our proposal for revisions to Chapter 27 of the International Building Code
Graph Neural Networks 2023: (“Boosting short-term electric load forecasting”) introduced visibility graph neural networks for forecasting in high-voltage/medium-voltage substations. This approach uses graph theory to model complex grid interactions, improving accuracy over traditional methods.
An illustration of static electricity in a middle school classroom.
This is how science should be taught to children. pic.twitter.com/b2ZUMGB1as
— The Figen (@TheFigen_) April 7, 2025
High voltage switch at a power grid
— Science girl (@gunsnrosesgirl3) March 16, 2025
High Voltage Electric Service
Federal Power Act of 1920 Ω Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935.
IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee Ω Current Issues and Recent Research
Representative Sample of Merchant Utility Interconnection Requirements for Customers
2023 National Electrical Code Article 490 Bibliography
Ahead of the April close date for comments on the Second Draft of the 2026 revision of the NEC we examine thought trends on the following:
- How does “high voltage” differ among electrotechnology professionals? Signaling and control systems workers have a much lower criteria than a merchant utility lineman than a campus bulk distribution engineer. In other words, “high voltage” is generally understood in practice and essential for worker safety. Labeling counts.
- What is the origin of the apparent “confusion’ about high voltage in the IEEE, IEC, NFPA and TIA electrical safety catalogs? Is the distinction functionally acceptable — i.e. a term of art understood well enough in practice?
- How can the 2026 NEC be improved for engineers, electricians and inspectors? There has been some considerable re-organization of low, medium and high voltage concepts in the 2023. It usually takes at least two NEC revision cycles for workable code to stabilize. Since education communities purchase and distribute higher voltage power on large campuses; how can power purchasing and customer distribution system best practice be improved?
This is plenty to talk about. Join us today at 15:00/16:00 UTC with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
AC Power Distribution Systems & Standards | Credit: Power Quality Blog
IAEI Magazine: The Evolution of Electrical Services in the National Electrical Code®
What’s your favorite type of power line? Follow me for more tips on great questions to ask on first dates. pic.twitter.com/W1c9oFOeZt
— Simon Kuestenmacher (@simongerman600) November 9, 2024
Rightsizing Electrical Power Systems
Standards Michigan, spun-off in 2016 from the original University of Michigan Business & Finance Operation, has peppered NFPA 70 technical committees writing the 2016-2026 National Electric Code with proposals to reduce the size of building premise feeder infrastructure; accommodating the improvements made in illumination and rotating machinery energy conservation since the 1980’s (variable frequency drives, LED lighting, controls, etc.)
These proposals are routinely voted down in 12-20 member committees representing manufacturers (primarily) though local inspection authorities are complicit in overbuilding electric services because they “bill by the service panel ampere rating”. In other words, when a municipality can charge a higher inspection fee for a 1200 ampere panel, what incentive is there to support changes to the NEC that takes that inspection fee down to 400 amperes?
The energy conservation that would result from the acceptance of our proposals into the NEC are related to the following: reduced step down transformer sizes, reduced wire and conduit sizes, reduced panelboard sizes, reduced electric room cooling systems — including the HVAC cooling systems and the ceiling plenum sheet metal carrying the waste heat away. Up to 20 percent energy savings is in play here and all the experts around the table know it. So much for the economic footprint of the largest non-residential building construction market in the United States — about $120 billion annually.
The market incumbents are complicit in ignoring energy conservation opportunity. To paraphrase one of Mike Anthony’s colleagues representing electrical equipment manufacturers:
“You’re right Mike, but I am getting paid to vote against you.”
NFPA Electrical Division knows it, too.
University of Michigan
Rightsizing Commercial Electrical Power Systems: Review of a New Exception in NEC Section 220.12
Michael A. Anthony – James R. Harvey
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
University of Houston, Clear Lake, Texas
For decades, application of National Electrical Code (NEC) rules for sizing services, feeders and branch circuits has resulted in unused capacity in almost all occupancy classes. US Department of Energy data compiled in 1999 indicates average load on building transformers between 10 and 25 percent. More recent data gathered by the educational facilities industry has verified this claim. Recognizing that aggressive energy codes are driving energy consumption lower, and that larger than necessary transformers create larger than necessary flash hazard, the 2014 NEC will provide an exception in Section 220.12 that will permit designers to reduce transformer kVA ratings and all related components of the power delivery system. This is a conservative, incremental step in the direction of reduced load density that is limited to lighting systems. More study of feeder and branch circuit loading is necessary to inform discussion about circuit design methods in future revisions of the NEC.
CLICK HERE for complete paper
University of Houston
Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?
Ernest Renan (1823-1892) was a French philosopher, historian, and scholar of religion. He is best known for his work on nationalism and the relationship between language, culture, and identity. The language of technology– and the catalog of codes, standards, guidelines, recommended practices and government regulations rest upon a common understanding of how things can and should work separately. The essay is widely cited:
In our domain we routinely see technical agreement and disagreement among stakeholders resolved, or left unresolved because of definitions — even when discussion is conducted in English. We keep the topic of language (Tamil (மொழி) — since it is one of the most widely spoken languages on earth) on our aperiodic Language colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
English and French are the two most prominent diplomatic languages, especially in historical and international contexts. They have long been the primary languages of diplomacy due to their widespread use in international organizations and historical influence.
English: Dominates in modern diplomacy, international law, and global organizations. It is the working language in many international forums, including the United Nations, NATO, and the Commonwealth of Nations.
French: Traditionally known as the “language of diplomacy,” French was the dominant diplomatic language until the 20th century. It remains a significant language in international relations, particularly within the United Nations, the European Union, and many African nations.
While other languages like Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Chinese are also used in diplomatic contexts and are official languages of the United Nations, English and French are the most universally recognized and utilized in diplomatic settings.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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