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United States Standards System
Essential Requirements
Your 2025 Guide to ANSI’s Community Resources
S. Joe Bhatia at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business | ANSI Company Member Forum, May 2016
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With many non-profit organizations also challenged by the pandemic we are likely to see fewer experts at technology, finance and management gatherings where leading practice is discovered and promulgated. That does not mean that many gatherings will not be offloaded onto the internet but, with fewer paid experts involved, one wonders whether there will be fewer unpaid experts — or will there be more unpaid experts? We shall see.
Since the United States federal government can print money it is likely that more decision-making will be drawn back to Washington D.C. — where the money is. The likelihood that we shall see greater federal control over education facility industry originating at the federal level inspires a revisit of the United States standards system. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is the oversight agency and the American National Standards Institute is the private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.
To understand ideal balance in the US standards system See § 2.3 ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
FROM OUR ARCHIVE:
Trowel Trades
Bricklayers, sometimes known as masons, are skilled craftsmen that must be physically fit, have a high level of mathematical skill and a love for precision and detail.
Bricklaying standards are guidelines and specifications that ensure the quality and safety of bricklaying work. These standards are often established by industry organizations, regulatory bodies, or national building codes. While specific standards may vary by region, some core bricklaying standards include:
Building Codes: Compliance with local building codes is essential. These codes provide regulations for construction practices, including specifications for masonry work. Bricklayers must adhere to the building codes relevant to the specific location of the construction project.
ASTM International Standards: ASTM International (formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials) develops and publishes technical standards for various industries, including construction. ASTM standards related to bricklaying cover materials, testing procedures, and construction practices.
Masonry Construction Standards: Organizations like the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) in the United States publish standards specifically focused on masonry construction. These standards address topics such as mortar, grout, reinforcement, and structural design considerations.
Quality Control: Standards related to quality control in bricklaying include specifications for mortar mixtures, proper curing of masonry, and guidelines for inspecting finished work. Adherence to these standards helps ensure the durability and longevity of the masonry construction.
Safety Standards: Occupational safety standards, such as those outlined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, are critical for protecting workers on construction sites. These standards cover aspects like fall protection, scaffolding safety, and the proper use of personal protective equipment.
Brick and Block Standards: Standards related to the dimensions, composition, and properties of bricks and concrete blocks are important for achieving structural integrity. These standards specify characteristics such as compressive strength, absorption, and dimensional tolerances.
Construction Tolerances: Tolerances dictate acceptable variations in dimensions and alignments in bricklaying work. These standards help ensure that the finished structure meets design specifications and industry-accepted tolerances.
Testing and Inspection: Standards related to the testing and inspection of masonry work help verify that construction meets specified requirements. This includes procedures for mortar testing, grout testing, and overall quality inspections.
It’s important for bricklayers and construction professionals to be aware of and follow these standards to guarantee the safety, quality, and compliance of their work. Additionally, staying informed about updates to industry standards is crucial as they may evolve over time to reflect advancements in materials, techniques, and safety practices.
St. Olaf College | Dakota County Minnesota
Installer Tile Specialist Installation Standards
Installer Tile Specialist (ITS) Installation Standards Verification (English)
– I am American 🇺🇸
– I’ve lived in Texas my entire life and never been outside the USA, YET.
– I’ve been mass reported by many haters, hi guys 🥱
– I own a Tile/Masonry business.
– My goal: Inspire others to Learn a Trade.
– I used to be a liberal, Thank God for 𝕏 opening my… https://t.co/6wYoxazTew pic.twitter.com/olmBRYCLPg— Mary Tiles Texas (@MaryTilesTexas) April 14, 2025
Moral Inquiry
🍂🍁It’s the most wonderful time of the year @Radboud_Uni #teamherfst #AutumnVibes pic.twitter.com/Q8HHtGVXvr
— Radboud University (@Radboud_Uni) September 23, 2022
Freely Available ICT Standards
United States Technical Advisory Group Administrator: INCITS
“Le Lac Léman ou Près d’Evian au lac de Genève” 1883 François BocionISO and IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 is the work center for international information and communications technology (ICT) standards that are relevant to education communities. In accordance with ISO/IEC JTC 1 and the ISO and IEC Councils, some International Standards and other deliverables are made freely available for standardization purposes.
Freely Available International Standards
We at least follow action, and sometimes contribute data and user-interest perspective, to the development of standards produced by several ANSI-accredited ICT standard developing organizations — ATIS, BICSI, IEEE, INCITS, TIA among them. US-based organizations may communicate directly with Lisa Rajchel, ANSI’s ISO/IEC JTC 1 Senior Director for this project: lrajchel@ansi.org. Our colleagues at other educational organizations should contact their national standards body.
We scan the status of Infotech and Cloud standards periodically and collaborate with a number of IEEE Societies. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
More
The ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee for Information Technology (JTC 1)
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36 Information technology for learning, education and training
Metering and Billing
Although electrical power delivered with both active and reactive components our interest lies primarily in the useable power component — watts (power) and watt-hour(energy). A secondary concern is whether or not energy useage meters are over-specified; particularly on points in building power chains downstream from the utility service meters.
Electrical meters, used for measuring electricity consumption, must comply with various codes and standards to ensure accuracy, safety, and reliability. Today at the usual hour – from the user point of view – we will review the status of key codes and standards relevant to electrical meter manufacturing, primarily focusing on North American standards. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
ANSI C12.1 – Code for Electricity Metering
- Specifies performance criteria for AC watt-hour meters, demand meters, pulse devices, and auxiliary devices.
- Covers testing, installation, accuracy classes, voltage/frequency ratings, and environmental tests (e.g., RF interference).
- Current edition: ANSI C12.1-2024.
ANSI C12.10 – Physical Aspects of Watt-hour Meters
- Defines physical and dimensional requirements for watt-hour meters, including socket and bottom-connected meters.
- Ensures compatibility with metering installations.
ANSI C12.20 – Electricity Meters – 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 Accuracy Classes
- Establishes accuracy requirements for revenue-grade meters (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% accuracy classes).
- Note: Content merged into ANSI C12.1 in recent updates, with C12.20 withdrawn.
ANSI C12.31 – Standard Definitions of AC Electrical Power
- Defines terms for active, reactive, and apparent power/energy, ensuring consistent measurement methodologies.
- Under revision as ANSI C12.31-202x.
- Published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).
- Aligns with ANSI C12 standards, focusing on metering equipment specifications and safety.
UL 2735 – Standard for Electric Utility Meters
- Safety standard for electric meters, addressing electrical shock, fire hazards, and mechanical risks.
- Ensures meters meet safety requirements for installation and operation.
NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code (NEC)
- While not specific to manufacturing, NEC governs meter installation requirements (e.g., meter base mounting, grounding).
- Relevant for ensuring meters comply with installation safety standards. We cover this topic of a safety point of view in the sessions linked below:
Related:
Comparative Feedback on Consumers’ Energy-Saving Behavior: A College Dormitory Example
“Faith of our Fathers”
“Faith of Our Fathers” is a hymn written in 1849 by Frederick William Faber, a Catholic priest, to honor the steadfast faith of Catholic martyrs, particularly in England during times of persecution. Set to the tune “St. Catherine,” it celebrates the enduring legacy of faith passed down through generations, emphasizing resilience against adversity. The lyrics reflect themes of sacrifice, courage, and devotion, urging believers to uphold their faith despite challenges.
Originally Catholic, the hymn has been adapted by various Christian denominations, symbolizing a universal call to remain steadfast in spiritual conviction, inspired by ancestral faithfulness.
Electric Service Metering & Billing
Today at 16:00 UTC we review best practice for engineering and installing the point of common coupling between an electrical service provider its and an purchasing — under the purview of NEC CMP-10.
Committee topical purviews change cycle-to-cycle. Here’s the transcript for today’s session: CMP-10 Second Draft Report (368 pages)
Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
The relevant passages of the National Electrical Code are found in Article 230 and Article 495. We calibrate our attention with the documents linked below. These are only representative guidelines:
University of Michigan Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution
Texas A&M University Medium Voltage Power Systems
University of Florida Medium Voltage Electrical Distribution
Representative standards for regulated utilities for purchased power:
Detroit Edison Primary Service Standards (Green Book)
American Electric Power: Requirements for Electrical Services
Pacific Gas & Electric Primary Service Requirements
The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee curates a library of documents similar to those linked above.
Design of Electrical Services for Buildings
We are in the process of preparing new (original, and sometimes recycled) proposals for the 2026 National Electrical Code, with the work of Code Panel 10 of particular relevance to today’s topic:
First Draft Meetings: January 15-26, 2024 in Charleston, South Carolina
Electrical meter billing standards are generally regulated at the state or local level, with guidelines provided by public utility commissions or similar regulatory bodies. These tariff sheets are among the oldest in the world. There are some common standards for billing and metering practices, including:
- Meter Types: There are various types of meters used to measure electricity consumption, including analog (mechanical) meters, digital meters, and smart meters. Smart meters are becoming more common and allow for more accurate and real-time billing.
- Billing Methodology:
- Residential Rates: Most residential customers are billed based on kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity used, which is the standard unit of energy.
- Demand Charges: Some commercial and industrial customers are also subject to demand charges, which are based on the peak demand (the highest amount of power drawn at any one point during the billing period).
- Time-of-Use Rates: Some utilities offer time-of-use (TOU) pricing, where electricity costs vary depending on the time of day or season. For example, electricity may be cheaper during off-peak hours and more expensive during peak hours.
- Meter Reading and Billing Cycle:
- Monthly Billing: Typically, customers receive a bill once a month, based on the reading of the electricity meter.
- Estimation: If a meter reading is not available, some utilities may estimate usage based on historical patterns or average usage.
- Smart Meter Readings: With smart meters, some utilities can provide daily or even hourly usage data, leading to more precise billing.
- Meter Standards: The standards for electrical meters, including their accuracy and certification, are set by national organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Meters must meet these standards to ensure they are accurate and reliable.
- Utility Commission Regulations: Each state has a utility commission (such as the California Public Utilities Commission, the Texas Public Utility Commission, etc.) that regulates the rates and billing practices of electricity providers. These commissions ensure that rates are fair and that utilities follow proper procedures for meter readings, billing cycles, and customer service
- Large University “Utilities”. Large colleges and universities that generate and distribute some or all of their electric power consumption have developed practices to distribute the cost of electricity supply to buildings. We will cover comparative utility billing practices in a dedicated colloquium sometime in 2025.
Michigan Public Service Commission | Consumer’s Energy Customer Billing Rules
Electrical Meter Center Manufacturing
* See Footnote below
Underwriters Laboratories Standard for Safety for Panelboards (UL 67) articulates product specifications for a central feature of all building power chains. Panelboards are first entry of electrical energy in a residence, for example; and are found everywhere in education and healthcare facilities classified as commercial, industrial and institutional occupancies. Panelboards divide the power chain into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure. Some panelboards — such as those classified as service entrances for residences — have main breakers positioned ahead of all downstream branch circuit breakers that must meet rigorous current interruption requirements.
Panelboards are continually improving and therefore the matrix of safety standards are revised continually; notably there installation safety requirements in the National Electrical Code. The redline is available at two places on the internet; linked below:
ANSI Standards Action | Pages 42-43
Comments are due November 3rd. You may send comments (with optional copy to psa@ansi.org). It is best to set up your own (free) account at the link below:
UL’s Collaborative Standards Development System (You will need to set up an account)
You may also find the correlating section of the most recent update of the National Electrical Code — Section 230.71(B) — at the link below:
The most significant change to the NEC that now appears in its 2020 revision requires that each service disconnecting means and its associated overcurrent devices be located within a separate compartment; to wit:
“…Each compartment shall be constructed to prevent inadvertent contact with live parts such that with the service disconnect in that compartment in the off position, no ungrounded uninsulated live part is exposed to inadvertent contact by persons while servicing any field connected load terminal, including a neutral load terminal, a branch circuit equipment grounding terminal, or the neutral disconnect link. Exposure to inadvertent contact is determined by use of the probe illustrated in Figure 6.1. lf restriction to the compartment is dependent on the installation of field installed service conductors, conductors sized in accordance with 12.1.10 shall be installed in the terminals when determining exposure to inadvertent contact. All live parts including the connector bodies and pressure screws shall be evaluated…”
Proposals of this nature, in this section and elsewhere in related sections, have appeared in proposed changes to the NEC for many revision cycles. You can sample the specifics in the links below:
Article 230 of the NEC has always been a lively “promontory” in leading practice discovery because service panels — where meters are located — are usually the locus of the maximum amount of energy entering a building. In most new installations, this change will not be visible because its effect will be in product specification for buildings that require meter banks; most likely stand-alone student residence facilities. In legacy residential installations, however, this change may expand the scope of electrical rehabilitation projects.
We generally place product standards action in the lower tier of our priority list but because this is likely to raise the cost of the product — and to inform insurance underwriting criteria — we take special note of it. There will legions of NEC trainers that will sweep through the land for the next 3 years to explain in more detail. Advocacy activity we may contemplate for the 2023 NEC, if any, will be coordinated with the experts in the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets online 4 times monthly in the Americas and Europe. Our electrical power teleconferences are hosted on the same day. See our CALENDAR for the next meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [19-143]
Category: Electrical, Energy
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Glenn Keates, Jose Meijer
*The change to UL 67 deals specifically with the manufacture (and ultimately, specification) of meter centers. There are no images to show what product classes are effected so we keep things light with another historical image tracking the evolution of the electrical power industry. For more information you may use the search term “meter center” to find various manufacturer product offerings.
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— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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