“The Parish Soup Kitchen” 1851 / George Elgar Hicks
Other words for small kitchens:
Petite kitchen
Cozy kitchen
Bijou kitchen
Lilliputian kitchen
Cramped kitchen
Intimate kitchen
Snug kitchen
Kitchen Planning: Work Centers
Kitchen Planning: Work Centers
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Kitchen Planning: Work Centers
Theatre: Lighting Design
Artificial lighting was first introduced to theater dramatic performance stages in the 17th century. The use of candles and oil lamps initially provided a means to illuminate the stage, allowing performances to take place in the evening and enhancing the visibility for both actors and the audience. Before this development, theatrical performances were typically held during daylight hours due to the reliance on natural light.
In the early 17th century, theaters in England began experimenting with various lighting techniques. Thomas Killigrew’s Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London, is often credited as one of the first theaters to use artificial lighting. The use of candles and later oil lamps evolved over time, leading to more sophisticated lighting setups as technology advanced.
The 18th and 19th centuries saw further innovations in stage lighting, including the use of gas lamps. Eventually, the introduction of electric lighting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries revolutionized stage lighting, providing theaters with a more reliable and controllable source of illumination. This allowed for greater creativity in the design and execution of lighting effects, contributing significantly to the overall theatrical experience.
Oklahoma City University
More
Stage Lighting 101 — Everything You Need to Know
Boston University: Theater, Lighting Design
Wayne State University: Lighting Design
Arenas, Lecture Halls & Theaters
Marcel Jambon for an 1895 Paris production of Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello.
The standard of care for electrical system safety in dramatic art facilities in the education, and other industries, is largely established in Articles 518 through Article 540 of the National Electrical Code (NEC). In some instances, dramatic art activity takes place in athletic arenas so we are mindful of parent standards for assembly occupancies generally; found in Chapter 3 of the International Building Code.
Free public access to the current 2023edition of the NEC is linked below:
Of particular interest is the “technical power system” found in Article 640: Audio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction Equipment.
Access to the International Building Code on “related” occupancies is linked below (Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification and Use):
2021 International Building Code
Note the imperfect correlation between the NFPA and ICC occupancy definitions. This never happens by design but is sometimes necessary. Some risk aggregations have to be understood as terms of art; to be understood by seasoned experts in context. Also, keep in mind that the NEC is a wiring installation safety code.
Proposals for revisions to assembly-related installations in the for 2023 is linked below:
NFPA 70 Public Input Report for 2023 Assembly Occupancies
Second Draft Report for all articles assigned to CMP-15
The so called “song and dance” sections of the NEC have been fairly “stable” in recent cycles. Changes to these articles in the NEC 2020 revision are incremental — i.e clarifications on grounding, wiring methods, cord wiring, illumination — and helpful for designers and inspectors. Nothing budget busting. Convergence of fire safety, mass notification, environmental air and visual experiences continues as once-independent technologies continue integration.
2026 National Electrical Code Workspace
We collaborate with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets 4 times monthly in Europe and the Americas. See our CALENDAR for the next online teleconferences; open to everyone.
Issue: [Various]
Category: Sport, Electrical, Telecommunications, Fire Protection, Arts & Entertainment Facilities, Lively Art
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Matt Dozier, Jim Harvey
LEARN MORE:
Food hygiene practices: Ergonomics versus safety
“Le Coin de Cuisine” | 1883 Edwin Deakin
Kitchen layouts and consumers’ food hygiene practices: Ergonomics versus safety
Dunarea de Jos, et. al
University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, 800201, Galati, Romania
Abstract: Our paper emphasizes the importance of the kitchen layout in facilitating consumers’ food hygiene practices. A significant correlation was found between the sink placement (inside or outside the kitchen) and hygienic practices during food handling based on a survey performed on consumers from ten European countries, indicating that those who had the sink in the kitchen were more likely to perform proper hygiene practices than those who have not. The self-reported practices were supported by observed practices in 64 households from five European countries. The observational study combined with the examination of kitchen layouts revealed that the kitchen work triangle with its apexes represented by the kitchen sink, cooking stove and refrigerator, which is recommended for ergonomic reasons by architects and designers, did not necessarily support food hygiene practices in kitchens. Cross-contamination events were associated with the sink – countertop distances longer than 1 m. Based on this, a new kitchen triangle with its apexes represented by the kitchen sink, working place (usually countertop) and cooking stove, with the distance between the sink and the working place less than 1 m is proposed to be used as norm in kitchen designs for combining ergonomics with safety. This triangle is proposedly named the food safety triangle and is aimed to mitigate the risks of foodborne illnesses by creating an arrangement that facilitates hygiene practices. This study is the first to highlight the importance of implementing the concept of food safety in the kitchen design based on significant correlations between kitchen equipment placement and consumers’ food safety practices.
Kitchen Fires in High-rise Residential Buildings
Numerical Study of Kitchen Fires in High-rise Residential Buildings
Jing Liu – Peng Wang – Guangrui Song
Abstract: Open kitchen design is becoming popular in small units in high-rise residential buildings. This design increases the possibility that fires originating in the cooking area would spread beyond its origin. Effect of cabinet properties and wind on the fire hazards of open kitchen is numerically studied. It is found that if there are combustible items adjacent to the cooking area it helps the fire to spread giving a big fire and the wind may cause the fire spread vertically along the building exterior wall.
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“Shibboleth”
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Student Medical Centers
This facility class has many names but is similar in our approach to them: the settings that provide primary care in a visible, central service. After the chapel, the library, the kitchen and the classroom, the on-campus medical center is a central fixture. These clinics typically provide basic medical services primarily aimed at addressing the immediate health needs of students and sometimes staff. These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants.
- Services may include first aid, basic medical care (such as treating minor injuries and illnesses), immunizations, health screenings, and sometimes mental health counseling.
- These clinics are often staffed by a nurse or a small team of healthcare professionals such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants. In some cases, a physician may be available on a part-time basis.
- These clinics are usually small and may be located within or near the school premises. They typically have limited space and equipment compared to hospitals.
Access to school-based clinics is often limited to students and staff during school hours. They may not be open during weekends, holidays, or outside of regular school hours.
University of Michigan Health Service: Reproductive Health
University of Vermont: Primary Care at Student Health Services
University of North Dakota Student Health Services
University of Chicago Student Sexual Health
University of California System Abortion Services
During today’s open door session we examine the literature relevant to making this facility class safer, simpler, lower-cost and longer-lasting in the links below, including open public consultation close dates:
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Founded in 1951, ACOG is a membership organization for obstetrician–gynecologists. The College produces practice guidelines for health care professionals and educational materials for patients, provides practice management and career support, facilitates programs and initiatives to improve women’s health, and advocates for members and patients.
It provides several educational tracks for member certification and licensing largely derived from federal regulations. It also invites proposals from members about organizational priorities; one such linked below:
Abortion Misinformation Campaign
The link above also proves that no matter how well educated an organization’s members, the leadership of the organization is capable of shenanigans with federal law that leaves the regulation of abortion to states; closer to the cultural norms of local communities.
Related:
“A half truth is a full lie” — so goes the adage. In service of telling the full story — only half of which is told in the RFP linked above — a map of states is linked below.
Interactive Map: Abortion Laws by State
PROLOG: Gynecology and Surgery, Ninth Edition, has the latest evidence-based reviews of core topics in gynecology. This self-directed learning resource is designed to help #ObGyns and other #HCPs assess and update your clinical knowledge. Order now: https://t.co/AO9u4JDT8p pic.twitter.com/oPbg3l2DAx
— ACOG (@acog) January 31, 2024
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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