2024 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) | April, May 2025
2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
2024 GROUP A PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE I-CODES
Public Comment Period on the IECC
AIA Michigan Comment on ICC Code Development Process
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Shouldn’t energy conservation measures be determined by market forces rather than building construction regulations?
Energy codes in the United States are adopted and enforced at the state level, and the stringency of the energy codes can vary widely from state to state. For example, as of September 2021, four states (Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, and West Virginia) had not adopted statewide energy codes at all, according to the Building Codes Assistance Project. Other states may have adopted energy codes but have not updated them to the latest version, which could be less stringent than more recent versions.
We do not spend too many resources challenging the zietgeist. Engineers, by nature, seek to do more with less but it is worth reminding our colleagues that energy conservation practices vary widely around the globe and not every nation supports what amounts to an energy police state.
The International Energy Conservation Code is a model building code developed by the International Code Council for incorporation by reference into state and local energy conservation legislation. Free access to the current edition is linked below:
2021 International Energy Conservation Code
Sell Sheet: Leading the Way to Energy Efficiency
2024 International Energy Conservation Code Update: Appeals Deadline Extended
Apart from product prescriptive passages IECC is a largely a performance code which draws its inspiration from other energy-related catalogs developed by United States standards developers; notably ASHRAE International. Several accessory titles supporting the current 2021 edition which address energy efficiency on several fronts including cost, energy usage, use of natural resources and the impact of energy usage on the environment are linked below:
Many of the ideas in play can be tracked in the transcripts linked below:
Complete Monograph: 2022 Group B Proposed Changes
Complete Monograph: 2022 Group B Public Comment Agenda
Note the pre-occupation with products such as insulation, fenestration, power outlets and lighting — reflecting the financial support of energy activists advocating on behalf of manufacturers who tend build the cost of their advocacy in the price of their product.
A commonly overlooked energy conservation measure is reducing standby power consumption, also known as “vampire power.” Many electronic devices, such as televisions, computers, and chargers, consume energy even when they are not actively being used but are still plugged in. This standby power can account for up to 10% of a building’s energy consumption.
While our focus tends to be on the commercial facility docket, we keep an eye on the residential docket because, a) many colleges and universities own and operate square-footage on the periphery of their campuses that is classified as residential, b) many student rental houses are obviously classified as residential and we want property owners to be able to afford reasonable energy conservation measures for the houses they rent to students.*
From previous posts we explained we summarized our priorities for the Group B cycle and the IECC in particular:
We encourage our colleagues in energy enterprises in education communities to participate directly in the ICC Code Development Process.*
2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
The IECC is a standing item on our periodic Energy 200, Power, Mechanical and Hello World! colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [Various]
Category: Architectural, Facility Asset Management, Space Planning
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Jack Janveja, Richard Robben, Larry Spielvogel
* More:
In most jurisdictions the standard of care for operation and maintenance of education facilities is discovered and promulgated by a “fabric” of consensus products developed by a kind of “shadow government” created by a network of non-profit publishers; among them the International Code Council. The ICC has one of the most dynamic catalogs in the construction industry and today we drill into the the International Property Maintenance Code which completed another revision cycle in 2021. Operation and maintenance of education facilities is the (much larger) part of #TotalCostofOwnership of the real assets of a school district, college or university. Public access to most recent revision to the IPMC is linked below:
2021 International Property Maintenance Code
The transcript of public comment on the 2021 revision provides insight into the back-and-forth among the technical committee experts:
2021 IPMC Group A Public Comment Agenda
Note the concern for swimming pools, radon, light, ventilation and occupancy limits.
The ICC Group A tranche of titles will undergo another cyclic revision starting in 2023. Since so much of the ICC catalog underlies occupancy safety for education, healthcare and nearly all other aspects of the built environment we track the action on a near-daily basis. You may join any of our daily colloquia, shown on our CALENDAR, or interact directly with the ICC with the link below:
2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
The ICC catalog is regarded as the most authoritative for education facility management. We maintain the IPMC on the standing agenda of our Hammurabi and Interiors colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next colloquium; open to everyone.
Issue: [Various]
Category: Architectural, Facility Asset Management, Space Planning
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja, Richard Robben, Jerry Schulte
More
The largest share of safety and sustainability concepts relevant to our SAFER-SIMPLER-LOWER COST-LONGER LASTING priorities appear in ICC’s Group A tranche of titles. Comments on Committee Actions taken on the April meetings in Atlanta will were received July 8th — including own proposals for performance-based building interior power chain design — and will be discussed at the Committee Action Hearings in Long Beach, October 23-31.
We will use the transcript linked below:
Complete Code Change Monograph
2024 / 2025 / 2026 Code Development: Group A (2024)
2024/2025/2026 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
2024 International Building Code
2024 / 2025 / 2026 Code Development: Group A (2024)
Action on public response to the first draft of the next edition of the Group A tranche of titles of building codes will be heard in Long Beach, October 23-31.
International Building Code (Occupancy Classification and Use)
Educational Group E
Note that there is a great deal of nuance in the definitions for healthcare and research-related occupancies
International Building Code (Electrical)
Emergency and Standby Power Systems
International Building Code (Fire Safety)
International Existing Building Code
International Fire Code
International Mechanical Code
International Performance Code for Buildings and Facilities
International Plumbing Code
International Property Maintenance Code
International Swimming Pool and Spa Code
We will examine safety and sustainability concepts tracking in the monographs linked below:
2021 / 2022 Code Development: Group A
2021 GROUP A PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE I-CODES (2306 Pages)
2021 GROUP A PUBLIC COMMENT AGENDA (1425 Pages)
There are over 100 concepts “in play”; a partial list appears below:
423.5.2 Location of schools used as storm shelters.
423.4.1 Required Occupant Capacity in storm shelters
917.1 Requirement for mass notification studies for colleges and universities.
403.3.6 Door locking.
1003.3.1 Fat, oil and grease receptors in kitchens.
Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2. Minimum number of plumbing fixtures in various occupancy classifications and how many genders.
1110.3 Adult Changing Stations.
410.4.1 Performance theater actor changing room separation from stage.
1202.7 Soil Gas Control. Radon levels in schools.
1204.1.1 Percentage of natural light in classrooms.
321.1 Artificial combustible vegetation on roofs and near buildings.
907.2.1 Manual fire alarm pull stations located at outdoor stadium bleachers
915.2.3 4 Carbon monoxide detectors in Group E occupancies.
501.1 Accessory dwelling units in residential zones
801.2.3.1 Accessory dwelling unit parking.
We will have time to sort through them, assign priorities and prepare proposals based upon colloquia over the next few weeks. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
April 30, 2023 Update of the New ICC Code, Standard and Guideline Process
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
Updated: September 13
(Original Post: April 12, 2021)
During today’s colloquium we will review all of the concepts tracking in the Group A tranche relevant to student housing facilities owned by the college, university or school district; soon to be discussed during the Committee Action Hearings starting September 22nd. There are quite a few so we will likely not have time to cover best practice titles for off-campus housing; a sensitive area. We will set a separate colloquium for this topic in early 2022.
Group A Committee Action Hearings begin September 22nd and we will provide a link to the ICC livestream every day.
Updated: August 17, 2021
(Original Post: April 12, 2021)
During today’s colloquium on fire safety we will review all of the concepts tracking in the Group A tranche; soon to be discussed during the Committee Action Hearings starting September 22nd.
July 12th
For today’s colloquium on elevators and lifts we will review the following concepts tracking in the Group A tranche:
IBC § 1109.2.1| E30-21, E31-21, et. al | The intent of this proposal(s) is to allow for ramps to serve as an accessible route off an occupied roof instead of requiring standby power on the elevator for that occupied roof.
IBC § 1109.2.1| E30-21, E31-21, et. al | Related to the above. Parking garages and self-service storage facilities have extremely low occupancy loads. Increasing the 4-story limit to 6-
stories for when standby power for elevators is required takes this practical difference in uses into account.
IBC § 1109.2.2| E34-21, et. al | Providing the fire department the option for using the elevator for assisted evacuation in any elevator building using fire department recall; with the additional
improvements of standby power (1009.4.1) at five stories and the fire service access elevator protections at 120 feet.
IBC § 1010.2.15 | E56-21 | Elevator lobby exit access doors
IBC § 1010.2. | E56-21 | Elevator lobby exit access doors
IBC § 3006.3 | G184-21 | Elevator hoistway pressure
IBC § 3001.2 | G175-21 | Elevator communication systems
IBC § 1020.2.1 | G182-21 | Elevator hoistway fire protection
IBC § 3007.6 | G187-21 | Elevator corridors and access
Keep in mind that most of these failed as stand-alone proposals but will likely inform decisions on related proposals; at least administratively.
Continuation of the Group A Code Development may be tracked below:
2021/2022 Code Development Cycle
You may key in your own responses starting HERE.
The ICC catalog informs a large part of our own agenda so we deal with titles within it nearly every day on nearly every issue. For example, we will track interaction of Article 620 of the National Electrical Code, Chapter 7 of the Life Safety Code, and Chapter 30 Elevators and Conveying Systems in the International Building Code
June 14
For today’s colloquium — a review of the construction spend rate — today note the following:
Table of Contents identifying administration of the Group A revision cycle
For the Nurse & Dentist colloquium today we note the following:
We find most of the discussion centered on nursing home safety concepts; a focus area given the circumstances of the pandemic. Public comment closes the end of this week.
For the Lively Arts colloquium today we note the following:
For the Housing colloquium earlier this month we examined the report linked below for concepts related to student housing facilities in these three groups:
2021 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS ON THE 2021 EDITIONS OF THE GROUP A INTERNATIONAL CODES
We will also examine related concepts tracking through the NFPA and ASHRAE catalog.
June 9
What got through? The complete monograph is linked below. We will be picking through these one-by-one, topic-by-topic, according to the topics of our daily colloquia ahead of the July 2nd deadline:
2021 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS ON THE 2021 EDITIONS OF THE GROUP A INTERNATIONAL CODES
– G97-21: Exception expansion for occupant capacity when schools are used as storm shelters
– G35-21 Table 307 Hazardous materials in higher education laboratories
– F105-21 Risk assessments for mass notification system scope expansion for younger children
– Others regarding healthcare settings too nuanced and complex to describe briefly here….
Generally speaking, most of the proposals briefly identified below were rejected.
CLICK HERE to comment directly. Join us any day at 15:00 UTC
May 24
CLICK HERE for the Results of Committee Action Hearings on the 2021 proposed changes to the international codes. You may key in your own comments on these results into ICC’s cdpACCESS Code Development System until July 2nd. Public Comment Hearings run from September 22 through September 29th according to the ICC 2021/2022 Group A Code Development schedule.
April 12
The International Code Council will host public hearings on its Group A Codes, many of which will affect education community safety and sustainability. The proposals on the docket of the various committee meetings are relevant to every topic on our daily colloquia (See CALENDAR). We will be attending these meetings and discussing proposals and decisions in this first part of ICC’s code development process. The transcript of the complete monograph is linked below:
2021 GROUP A PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE I-CODES (2306 Pages)
We will be referring to this transcript every day for the next month. CLICK THE IMAGE BELOW TO START LIVECAST STREAM.
Proposals to watch:
IPC § 403.1.1 | P26-21 | Calculation method revision for plumbing fixtures for sporting arenas
IFC § 304 et. al | F9-21 | Waste container concepts
IFC § 304.1 | F8-21 | Valet waste concepts in R-2 occupancies
ICCPC § 1205 | PC15-21 | Non-potable and grey-water recycling
IFC § 805.2 | G3-21 | Wastebaskets and linen containers in Group I-1, I-2, etc
IBC § 713.13.4 | FS57-21 | Chute discharge rooms in recycling or laundry areas
IBC § 503.1 | G104-21 | Rooftop photovoltaic systems.
IBC § 1105.1.1 | E116-21 | Power-operated doors at public entrances. (Electrification of building openings gathers pace. Remember the good old days when you simply reached for the doorknob?)
IBC § 716.2.6.1, et al | FS85-21 | Fire doors in storm shelters
IBC § 202, et. al | G94-21 | Expansion of storm shelter concepts to “severe windstorms”
IFC § 304.3, et al | F9-21 | 304.3.7 Waste containers with a capacity of 20 gallons or more in Group R-2 college and university dormitories.
IBC § 1213, et al | G172-21 | Stanchions and grab bars (student dormitories and healthcare facilities)
IBC § 1109.2.1| E30-21, E31-21, et. al | The intent of this proposal(s) is to allow for ramps to serve as an accessible route off an occupied roof instead of requiring standby power on the elevator for that occupied roof.
IBC § 1109.2.1| E30-21, E31-21, et. al | Related to the above. Parking garages and self-service storage facilities have extremely low occupancy loads. Increasing the 4-story limit to 6-
stories for when standby power for elevators is required takes this practical difference in uses into account.
IBC § 1109.2.2| E34-21, et. al | Providing the fire department the option for using the elevator for assisted evacuation in any elevator building using fire department recall; with the additional
improvements of standby power (1009.4.1) at five stories and the fire service access elevator protections at 120 feet.
IBC § 1010.2.7| E47-21 | Exceptions for stairway door operability with failure of power supply
IBC § 3301, et. al| G199-21 Part 1 | Fire safety during construction concepts; removal of waste, Site Safety Plan
IBC Section 202, et. al | G110-21 | Live Fire Training Building(s)
IMC Table 403.3.3 | M21-21 | Minimum Ventilation Rates for Animal Facilities
IBC § 1004.8, et al| E10-21 | Concentrated business use areas (such as computer rooms and data processing centers). See the G99-21 series of proposals for computer rooms.
IFC, et. al| F18-21 | Closer correlation with NFPA 96 (large administrative changes for O&M of ICT fire protection systems)
IFC § 308.4.1, et al| G44-21 | Groups R-2 dormitories
IBC § 202 (NEW) | G66-21 | Electrical mobility definitions
IBC § 1107.2, et al | E124-21 & E125-21 & E126-21 | Electrical vehicle charging stations for R-2 occupancies.
IBC § 1104 | E11-21 | Posting of occupant load
IBC § 1009.8| E35-21 | Two-way emergency communication
IFC § 202 et. al | F69-21| Animal Housing Facility
IPC § 609.3. al | P102-21| Hot handwashing water
IFC § 202 et. al | F175-21| Healthcare Laboratory Definition
IFC § 911-21 | F119-21| Crosswalk and correlation with NFPA 99 and NFPA 70
IPC § 1003.1 et. al | P131-21| Fat, oil and grease interceptors (for kitchens)
IFC § 903.2 et. al | F65-21| Ambulatory Care facilities
IFC § 917.1, et. al | F105-21| More risk analysis for Group E occupancies
IFC Chapter 9 Fire & Life Safety Systems | F102-21 | State-by-state analysis supporting hottened fire safety requirements
IFC § 202 et. al | F5-21| Occupancy classifications
ICCPC Chapter 3 Design Performance Levels | PC1-21 | Risk Categories for schools and other occupancy types
IBC § 503.2, et. al | G190-21 | Replacement buildings on the same lot
IBC § 1204.1, et. al | G166-21 | Classrooms Group E natural light
IBC § 423.4.1 | G96-21, et. al | Critical emergency operations; schools as storm shelters; required occupancy capacity
IBC § 1202.7 | G162-21 | Soil gas control systems in new educational buildings
IFC § 1103.9 | F116-21 | Carbon Monoxide detection
IPC § 403.3 | P33-21 | Location of toilet facilities
IPMC Chapter 3 General Requirements | PM10-21 | Accessibility and maintenance
IBC § 1008.1, et. al | E24-21 | Means of egress illumination
IBC § 202 | E26-21 | New definition for energy storage system
IFC § 1203.1.1| E26-21 | New definition for energy storage system
IBC § 1204.1.1 | G165-21 | Classroom natural light criteria
IBC § 1013.5 | E71-21 | Photoluminescent exit signs installation where they can actually be charged
IBC § 1010.2.10 | E49-21| Access control door locking system
IBC § 1010.2.11 | E51-21 and E52-21, et. al | Sensor release of electrically locked egress doors & delayed egress concepts
IBC § 1010.2.15 | E56-21 | Elevator lobby exit access doors
IBC § 1010.2. | E56-21 | Elevator lobby exit access doors
IBC § 1010.12 | E42-21 | Locks and latches
IBC NEW § 202 | 43-21 | New definitions for Automatic Flush Bolt, et. al
IBC § 1010.2.3 | E44-21 | (Door) Hardware height
IBC NEW § 202 | E55-21 | Control vestibules (hospitals)
IBC § 1110.3 NEW | E142-21 | Adult Changing Stations
IBC § 3301| G199-21 Part I | Fire safety during constructionDenver Public Schools
IFC § NEW SECTIONS 203 Occupancy Classification and Use | F5-21 | See Page 1086
IFC § Chapters 1 – 3 | F14-21| Significant changes to administrative chapters
IBC § 410.1 | G73-21| Stage v. Platform nomenclature with respect to fire load
IBC § 410.2.1| G77-21| Stage fire hazards
IBC § 410.2.1| G79-21| Stage fire hazards
IBC § 423.4 | G96-21| Critical emergency operations; occupant load for storm shelters
IBC § 423.5.1 | G97-21| Occupant load for storm shelters
G99-21 Part II et. al | Definitions of Information & Communications Technology; revisions to Section 429 Information Technology Equipment Facilities
G112-21, et. al| Sleeping lofts (common in student residence halls)
IBC § 505.2.2 | G115-21 Mixed occupancy buildings
IBC § 506.3.2 | G116-21 Minimum building frontage distance
IBC § 302.1 | G121-21 Occupancy classification
IBC § 1210.4 | G174-21 Use of radiant energy to inactivate bacteria
ICCPC § 1401.3.8 | PC16-21 Protection of secondary power services and equipment
IBC § 2701.1.1 | Group I-2 Electrical systems
IBC & IFC G175-21 | Lightning Protection Systems
IBC § 3006.3 | G184-21 | Elevator hoistway pressure
IBC § 3001.2 | G175-21 | Elevator communication systems
IBC § 1020.2.1 | G182-21 | Elevator hoistway fire protection
IBC § 3007.6 | G187-21 | Elevator corridors and access
IBC APPENDIX Q (NEW) | G201-21 | Temporary Structures and Used to Serve Emergencies
IFC § 705.5.1 | FS17-21 | Buildings in a public right-of-way
Much has changed in the ICC code development process–not the least of which is the absence of the Livecast. Today we will examine our own proposals regarding, a) a performance-based electrical design of building interior feeder power chains; b) market-making by incumbents enlivened by the protected class of money that flows into student accommodations on and off campus.
Chapter 12 of the 2021 International Building Code provides minimum provisions for the interior of building–the occupied environment. Ventilation, lighting and space heating are directly regulated in this chapter and in conjunction with the International Mechanical Code and the International Energy Conservation Code. Minimum room size and maximum root–to-room sound transmission are set for certain occupancies.
Chapter 12 Interior Environment
Section 1207 asserts a requirement for “Enhanced Classroom Acoustics” that recognizes occupants with special needs for all classrooms with a volume larger than 20,000 cubic feet or less, articulated in Section 808 of 2017 ICC A117.1, the latest version. Widespread use of personal hearing appliances — headphones — have complicated best practice in this domain.
20 February 2018
One noteworthy proposal for enhanced classroom acoustics — for classrooms with a volume larger than 20,000 cubic feet — appears on Pages 13-14 of the document linked below:
Classroom Acoustics BCAC General 5 – IBC A117.1 Coordination 11-20-1027 File 17-229
While this proposal is largely a correlation proposal to harmonize IBC Chapter 12 concepts with concepts already present in IBC A117.1 it does set up a new section to lock in the correlation with ICC A117.1 Section 808. It has been on the agenda of breakout committees of International Code Council (ICC) ahead of its Group A Committee Action Hearings April 15 to 25, 2018 in Columbus, Ohio.
Standards Michigan encourages user-interest subject matter experts in the education industry to participate in the ICC Committee Action Hearings. Other inquiries may be directed to Ed Wirtshorek (ewirtschoreck@iccsafe.org). We keep the ICC suite of standards as a standing item on our weekly Open Door teleconferences that are open to the public.
Issue 17-229
Category: Architectural, Accessibility
We will spend most of our time this week preparing responses to the actions taken by technical committees at the April meetings; with our abiding interest in the proposals that affect the physical character of education settlements (K-12 schools, colleges and universities, university-affiliated research and clinical delivery networks).
The largest share of safety and sustainability concepts relevant to our SAFER-SIMPLER-LOWER COST-LONGER LASTING priorities appear in ICC’s Group A tranche of titles. Comments on Committee Actions taken on the April meetings in Atlanta will be received until July 8th — including own proposals for performance-based building interior power chain design.
We will use the transcripts linked in the Group A Model Codes link below

The Big House: With a seating capacity of 110.000+ auxiliary hosting and media enterprises adding another 10,000 occupants 8 Saturdays per year, the University of Michigan Football Stadium is the largest collegiate stadium in the world.
The language “code writers and vote getters”* use to perform their work can be confounding and supports the assertion that some safety and sustainability concepts can only be understood by experienced practitioners in context. It takes decades to fully understand the ebb and flow of ideas. That is one of the reasons we host daily colloquia — in addition to the obligation to respect intellectual property rights of standards setting organizations; a great deal of content is unstable and provisional. Unstable and provisional is the nature of leading practice discovery and promulgation.
As a point of origin for most safety and sustainability concepts for sport occupancies among US-based standards setting organizations we start with the most widely referenced building code bibliography in the United States:
2024 International Building Code: Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification and Use
Education communities have buildings, pathways and infrastructure in all of the groups identified in this chapter. We use the term “sport” to describe recreational and competitive athletic activity for all age groups. Some concepts span across all three groupings. Note the following:
Structural support for sport lighting
Sport arena lighting allowances
Television broadcast lighting requirements
Temporary special event structures
Athletic equipment hazard classification
Plumbing in arenas
Bleachers
Access
Use of arenas for disaster management
…And so on…
Today we pick through the transcripts of the 2021 ICC Code Development Cycle (Group A)
2021 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS ON THE 2021 EDITIONS OF THE GROUP A INTERNATIONAL CODES
Keep in mind that the Group A titles are near the end of their development cycle (CLICK HERE). Next up, Hearings on the Group A tranche in September. We will post the link to the webcast.










We maintain sport facility literature on the standing agenda of our periodic Sport colloquium when we pull together specifics relevant to the safety and sustainability agenda of the final fiduciary in education communities — typically the tax payer or family. There are many, many more technologies that figure into these spaces; getting occupancy classification is the best place to start since it informs the way all other standards setting organizations develop their literature. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting.
ARCHIVE:
2021/2022 ICC CODE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
2018 GROUP A PUBLIC COMMENT AGENDA | OCTOBER 24 – 31, 2018 | RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
2019 GROUP B PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE I-CODES ALBUQUERQUE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS
2019 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ACTION HEARINGS ON THE 2018 EDITIONS OF THE GROUP B INTERNATIONAL CODES
*A term of art we use to distinguish stakeholders who are effective in gathering data and persuading technical committees to improve consensus products. The most influential voices tend to have an elevated hourly consulting rate. The expertise of “code writers and vote-getters” is distinct from the expertise processes and administration. The private standards domain in most nations is top-heavy with administration.
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Today we survey the broad sweep of the International Code Council catalog of best practice titles; incorporated by reference into public safety regulations in most of the United States. This session will be a “survey” and “organizational” session when we limit detail and simply identify priority titles and the technical specifics in play over the next twelve months.
Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
2024/2025/2026 International Code Council Code Development Schedule
Complete Monographs (To be posted soon)
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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