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Tag Archives: Summer
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The Eternal Music
Arboreta
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“On Holiday (Girl resting on the grass)” 1879 Kuznetsov Nikolai Dmitrievich
University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens
St. John’s University
University of Florida
Harvard University
Lunds universitet Scania
Swarthmore College Pennsylvania
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Anglo-americká vysoká škola, z.ú. Czech Republic
Michigan State University
University of the Ozarks
Freie Universität Berlin
Kent State University
Uniwersytet Warszawski
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Bard College / New York
Michigan State University Healing Garden
Japanese Garden | Normandale Community College Minnesota
东北师范大学 | Northeast Normal University | Changchun, Jilin, China
University of Michigan | Matthaei Botanical Gardens
Shenandoah University | Winchester, Virginia
Princeton University Secret Garden | Photo by Sarah Ly
King’s College | London, United Kingdom
École Normale Supérieure | Paris, France
Arizona Cactus Garden | Stanford University
Duke University / North Carolina
Oxford University
University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum
University of Helsinki Botanical Garden
University of Notre Dame / South Bend, Indiana
University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway
Florida Tech Botanical Garden
University of Nottingham
Smith University Botanical Garden
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Aarhus University | Denmark
High Point University | North Carolina
Universiteit Stellenbosch | Western Cape, South Africa
Louisiana State University
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Rutgers University
Great Court University of Queensland Australia
University of Oklahoma
Wageningen University | The Netherlands
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Vacation Bible School
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Pool, Fountain, Agriculture & Water Infrastructure Electrical Safety
2026 National Electrical Code Workspace
“The Bathing Pool” / Hubert Robert (French, 1733–1808) / Gift of J.P. Morgan
Education communities have significant assets tied up in swimming pools, immersion pools, fountains, hydro-therapy installations (in hospitals and athletic training facilities) and flood control facilities (in congested, non-permeable parts of urban campuses) we have been keeping an eye on leading practice discovery for these installations in the 2020 National Electrical Code.
With electrical safety — i.e. shock protection — as the focus of this post*, the relevant parts of the 2020 NEC reside in Articles 680 and 682 are described below:
Article 680 applies to the construction and installation of electrical wiring for, and equipment in or adjacent all swimming, wading, therapeutic and decorative pools, fountains, hot tubs, spas and hydromassage bathtubs, whether permanently installed or storable, and to metallic auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, filters, and similar equipment. The term body of water used throughout Part I applies to all bodies of water covered in this scope unless otherwise amended.
Article 682 applies to the installation of electrical wiring for, and the equipment in and adjacent to, natural or artificially made bodies of water not covered by other articles in the NEC, such as, but not limited to aeration ponds, fish farm ponds, storm retention basins, treatment ponds and irrigation (channel facilities. Water depths may vary seasonally or be controlled.
When the 2020 NEC is released there will be hundreds (more like thousands) of experts who make their living on each NEC revision fanning out across the globe able and ready to interpret, advise and train. We are not primarily a code training enterprise but we do get down into the weeds of electrical safety technical discussion where leading practice discovery discussion is recorded:
2020 NEC Article 680-682 Public Input | Pages 240 – 501
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 First Draft Report | Page 59 – 152
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 Public Comment Report
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 Second Draft Final Ballot
Transcripts superseded. We refer to the 2026 Workspace linked at the top of this page.
We find interest in corrosion control, water bottle fill stations, water heating technologies, LED illumination as well as the usual editorial, correlation and concepts movement between articles. From these transcripts it should also be plain that grounding and bonding practice, GFCI protection, luminaire location and wiring, corrosion management continue to be of primary interest in electrical safety assurance. Related safety concepts appear in NFPA 70B and NFPA 70E. Anything having to do with water; or the areas around water, are regions of elevated risk.
We are happy to discuss electrical safety standards any day at 11 AM Eastern time and host a monthly breakout teleconference dedicated to Electrical Power Safety in education facilities. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting. We also collaborate closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets online four times monthly in European and American time zones.
Issue: [16-102]
Category: Electrical, Risk Management, Water,
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard
*We leave the technical specifics of footcandle distribution to another, future post.
LEARN MORE:
2017 NEC changes for electrical safety in swimming pools
2020 NEC Changes (All Articles)
Air Conditioning
Ancient Air Conditioning | CLICK ON IMAGE
Today at 15:00 UTC we will review the latest in best practice literature for air conditioning systems. Note that we have broken out this topic from the standing Mechanical colloquia. Our approach features interoperability and system considerations. Catalogs on the agenda:
ACCA
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE International
Standard 90.1-2022—Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
Standard 90.4 Energy Standard for Data Centers
Acceptable Performance Standard for District Cooling Systems
ASME
Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems
European Standards
EN 14511 Specifies the requirements for air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors.
IEEE
International Code Council
International Building Code Interior Environment & HVAC Systems
International Mechanical Code Chapter 11 Refrigeration
NFPA
National Electrical Code Article 430: Motors, Motor Circuits and Motor Controllers
Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
Underwriters Laboratories (largely product standards, not embedded system nor interoperability titles)
Uptime Institute
Implementing Data Center Cooling Best Practices
Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page
University of Rochester Central Utilities Plant Absorption Chiller
Issues: [11-67, 15-124, 15-135, 15-165]
Category: Energy, Mechanical
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Larry Spielvogel, Richard Robben
Summer Olympics
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Summer Week 25 | June 16 – June 22
Monday | 16 June | Colloquium 15:00 UTC
Tuesday | 17 June | Colloquium 15:00 UTC
Wednesday | 19 June | Colloquium 15:00 UTC
Thursday | 20 June | Colloquium 15:00 UTC
Friday | 21 June | Colloquium 15:00 UTC
Saturday | 22 June
Sunday | 23 June
Occupant-Based HVAC Thermal Setpoints
Occupant-based HVAC Set Point Interventions for Energy Savings in Buildings
Dimas Ardiyanto
PT PLN (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia
Manisa Pipattanasomporn & Saifur Rahman
Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA, USA
Nanang Hariyanto & Suwarno
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract: Energy savings and occupant thermal comfort are the two most important factors in controlling heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) operation in buildings. Typically, it is found that thermal comfort is not always met in buildings. Hence, there is still an opportunity to improve indoor thermal comfort, and at the same time save energy by controlling HVAC set points. The objective of this paper is to propose a method to obtain energy savings by adjusting HVAC set points based on occupant comfort measured using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and occupancy information. The idea is to calculate hourly PMV values based on real-time occupancy information, indoor temperature set points and humidity in a building. Then, a new set of temperature set points that can maintain occupant comfort, i.e., PMV = 0, is derived. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a building model is developed in eQUEST using the information from a real-world building located in Alexandria, VA. Research findings indicate that HVAC electrical consumption savings of 14.58% is achieved when the proposed set point adjustment method is implemented as compared to that of the base case. To study the impact of adding occupancy information on HVAC energy savings, another scenario is simulated where HVAC set point is increased when the building is unoccupied, e.g., during lunchtime or holidays. Research findings indicate that additional HVAC electrical consumption savings of 8.79% is achieved when taking into account occupancy information in HVAC control.
Document Sections
I. Introduction
II. PMV as an Index for Thermal Comfort
III. Experiment Set Up To Capture Occupancy Information
IV. Building Model Development in Equest
V. Energy Savings From Comfort Adjustment And Occupancy Information
CLICK HERE for ordering Information for this article
DRINKING, WASTEWATER & STORMWATER SYSTEMS
“Fille romaine à la fontaine” 1875 Léon Bonnat
Civilization has historically flourished around rivers and major waterways. Mesopotamia, the so-called cradle of civilization, was situated between the major rivers Tigris and Euphrates; the ancient society of the Egyptians depended entirely upon the Nile. Rome was also founded on the banks of the Italian river Tiber. Large metropolises like Rotterdam, London, Montreal, Paris, New York City, Buenos Aires, Shanghai, Tokyo, Chicago, and Hong Kong owe their success in part to their easy accessibility via water and the resultant expansion of trade. Islands with safe water ports, like Singapore, have flourished for the same reason. In places such as North Africa and the Middle East, where water is more scarce, access to clean drinking water was and is a major factor in human development.*
With this perspective, and our own “home waters” situated in the Great Lakes, we are attentive to water management standardization activity administered by International Organization Standardization Technical Committee 224 (ISO TC/224). The scope of the committee is multidimensional; as described in the business plan linked below:
Water-related management standards define a very active space; arguably, as fast-moving a space as electrotechnology. The ISO TC/224 is a fairly well accomplished committee with at least 16 consensus products emerging from a 34 nations led by Association Française de Normalisation (@AFNOR) as the global Secretariat and 34 participating nations. The American Water Works Association is ANSI’s US Technical Advisory Group administrator to the ISO.
We do not advocate the user interest in this standard at the moment but encourage educational institutions with resident expertise — either on the business side or academic side of US educational institutions — to participate in it. You are encouraged to communicate directly with Paul Olson at AWWA, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235, Phone: (303) 347-6178, Email: polson@awwa.org.
The work products of TC 224 (and ISO 147 and ISO TC 282) are also on the standing agendas of our Water, Global and Bucolia colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting, open to everyone.
Issue: [13-163]
Category: Global, Water
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Christine Fischer, Jack Janveja. Richard Robben, Larry Spielvogel
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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