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Mocktail Mixology Drinks & Recipes

Standards Nebraska

What Is A Standard Drink?

KRNU 90.3 FM Lincoln Nebraska Student Radio | Click image to start livestream

Home Economics

Today at the usual hour we review the standards, codes, regulations and best practice literature for the safety and sustainability of facilities for teaching skills needed for supporting families.

Inglenook

Salutariness | Fashion

Commercial Kitchens

Life Safety Code

Electrical Safety

Energy Standard for *Sites* and Buildings

Current Issues and Recent Research

What the University of Michigan has done to reduce the life cycle cost of the real assets of educational settlements in the USA

What is Happening to the Family, and Why?

“The family is nature’s masterpiece”

— George Santayana

 

Educated at Yale College, Somerville College, the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard Medical School and Columbia Law School, Amy Wax speaks to the Buckley Institute, founded by William F. Buckley (Yale 1950). Links to National Centers at Bowling Green State University, the University of Virginia and the University of Nebraska.

Inside Higher Ed (September 24, 2024): Amy Wav Update

In popular culture:

The Anthropology of Karens

People grow up in a web of relationships that is already in place, supporting them as they grow. From the inside out, it includes parents, extended family and clan, neighborhood groups and civic associations, church, local and provincial governments and finally national government.

Family Housing: Cache County

Standards Utah

Chris Williamson

Involuntary Childlessness: Academia and Collapsing Birth Rates

“The only true measure of wealth is children” | Tucker Carlson

Quadrivium: Spring

Trending | Engagements, Weddings & Births

Griffith University | ANZAC Day

University of Michigan Business School | Mike Anthony with colleagues; some since 1982

Intercollegiate Studies Institute: Global Replacism and the West

Jordan Peterson: Why the Elites Went Hard Left | Niall Ferguson: The Vibe Shift Skips Academia

Argentina | Wyoming| Central Michigan

 

Superintelligence is Upon Us | Jordan B Peterson | Preference Falsification | Marc Andreessen

Pathology and the Ivy League | Victor Davis Hanson

You Will Not Replace Us | Renaud Camus, Sorbonne University

Spring Week 17 | April 21 – April 27

Retrodiction

“Demeter Thesmophoros” Jean-Léon Gérôme

Poetry Month in the USA

 

“…O chestnut tree;, great rooted blossomer,
Are you the leaf, the blossom or the bold?
O body swayed to music, O brightening glance,
How can we know the dancer from the dance?”

— Among Schoolchildren, 1933 William Butler Yeats

We sweep through the world’s three major time zones; updating our understanding of the literature at the technical foundation of education community safety and sustainability in those time zones 24 times per day. We generally eschew “over-coding” web pages to sustain speed, revision cadence and richness of content as peak priority.  We do not provide a search facility because of copyrights of publishers and time sensitivity of almost everything we do.

Readings:

“The Advancement of Learning” Francis Bacon (1605)

“The Allegory of the Cave” 380 BCE | Plato’s Republic, Book VII

Thucydides: Pericles’ Funeral Oration

IEEE Access: Advanced Deep Learning Models for 6G: Overview, Opportunities, and Challenges | Xidian University

“Albion: The Origins of the English Imagination” (2002) Peter Ackroyd

“Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” Satoshi Nakamoto

“Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds” (1841) | Charles Mackay

Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind

“Kant’s Categorical Imperative” | Hillsdale College Introduction to Western Philosophy

“The Natural History of Stupidity” (1959) Paul Tabori

“The College Idea: Andrew Delbanco” Lapham’s Quarterly

Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality | Google, Inc. et, al

Our daily colloquia are typically doing sessions; with non-USA titles receiving priority until 16:00 UTC and all other titles thereafter.  We assume policy objectives are established (Safer-Simpler-Lower-Cost, Longer-Lasting).   Because we necessarily get into the weeds, and because much of the content is time-sensitive and copyright protected, we usually schedule a separate time slot to hammer on technical specifics so that our response to consultations are meaningful and contribute to the goals of the standards developing organization and to the goals of stewards of education community real assets — typically the largest real asset owned by any US state and about 50 percent of its annual budget.

1. Leviathan.  We track noteworthy legislative proposals in the United States 118th Congress.  Not many deal specifically with education community real assets since the relevant legislation is already under administrative control of various Executive Branch Departments such as the Department of Education.

We do not advocate in legislative activity at any level.   We respond to public consultations but there it ends.

We track federal legislative action because it provides a stroboscopic view of the moment — the “national conversation”– in communities that are simultaneously a business and a culture.  Even though more than 90 percent of such proposals are at the mercy of the party leadership the process does enlighten the strengths and weakness of a governance system run entirely through the counties on the periphery of Washington D.C.  It is impossible to solve technical problems in facilities without sensitivity to the zietgeist that has accelerated in education communities everywhere.

Michigan can 100% water and feed itself.  Agriculture is its second-largest industry.

2.  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

3. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

4. Fast Forward  

The Year Ahead 2025

5. Rewind

Retrodiction

Lights Out

6. Corrigenda

 

“The world will never starve for want of wonders;

but only for want of wonder.”

–  G.K Chesterton, The Spirit of Christmas (1905)

Ring by Spring

The Bachelor of Science in Family and Consumer Sciences  at Colorado State University prepares students to enhance individual, family, and community well-being through an interdisciplinary curriculum. The program offers two concentrations: Family and Consumer Sciences Education and Interdisciplinary FCS. The Education concentration trains students to become licensed middle or high school teachers, meeting Colorado’s teaching licensure requirements and boasting high job placement rates.
The Interdisciplinary concentration provides a broad foundation for careers in areas like counseling, advocacy, or community services, focusing on skills such as resource management, nutrition, and interpersonal relationships. Students engage in hands-on learning, including internships and student teaching, and benefit from nationally recognized faculty and professional development opportunities. The curriculum covers topics like personal finance, family systems, and wellness, equipping graduates to address real-world challenges. CSU’s program is accredited by the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, and students can pursue certification through the same organization.
best PTG

“One of the Family” 1880 | Frederick George Cotman

With a focus on leadership and civic engagement, the FCS degree ensures graduates are ready to make meaningful societal impacts. Scholarships and flexible online options are available, enhancing accessibility.

Related:

The De-Population Bomb

MaternityMetrix

Neonatal Care Units

How to Make Baby Food

International Residential Code

京都大学

Free Access: 2021 International Residential Code

Student housing on college campuses varies widely in form—ranging from traditional dormitories to apartment-style residences, townhouses, or single-family homes leased by students. The applicability of the IRC to these housing types depends on the building’s classification and the codes adopted by the jurisdiction. Here’s how the IRC may apply:

  • Types of Student Housing Potentially Covered by the IRC: 
    • Townhouse-style student housing: If campus housing is designed as townhouses (attached single-family units, each with its own entrance and not exceeding three stories), the IRC directly applies. For example, a row of townhouses built for student families or upperclassmen could fall under IRC requirements.
    • Single-family or duplex housing: Some campuses offer detached homes or duplexes for graduate students, faculty, or student families. These structures typically fall under the IRC’s scope.
    • Small-scale apartment conversions: In some cases, colleges may convert single-family homes or small multi-unit buildings (originally designed as one- or two-family dwellings) into student housing. If these buildings retain their original residential character, the IRC may govern renovations or maintenance.
  • Limitations of IRC Applicability: 
    • Dormitories and larger apartment buildings: Most college dormitories and multi-unit apartment-style residences (e.g., buildings with shared corridors or multiple units per floor) are classified as Group R-2 occupancies under the International Building Code (IBC), not the IRC. The IBC applies to residential buildings with more than two dwelling units or those exceeding the IRC’s height and size limits (e.g., more than three stories). Since many campus residence halls are multi-story buildings with numerous units, they typically fall under the IBC.
    • Mixed-use buildings: Some student housing includes commercial or institutional spaces (e.g., dining halls, study lounges, or administrative offices). These buildings are also governed by the IBC due to their mixed-use nature.
    • Institutional occupancies: Certain student housing, such as supervised living facilities for students with special needs, may be classified as Group I (Institutional) occupancies under the IBC, not the IRC. 
  • Key IRC Provisions Relevant to Student Housing: When the IRC applies to student housing (e.g., townhouses or single-family homes), it ensures safety, habitability, and efficiency through provisions such as:
    • Structural safety: Requirements for foundations, walls, roofs, and seismic or wind resistance, ensuring buildings can withstand environmental loads.
    • Fire safety: Specifications for fire-resistant construction, smoke alarms, and egress (e.g., windows and stairways), critical for student safety in densely occupied residences.
    • Energy efficiency: Insulation, window, and HVAC standards to reduce energy costs, which is important for sustainable campus operations.
    • Plumbing and electrical systems: Standards for safe water supply, sanitation, and electrical wiring to support student living needs.
    • Accessibility: Basic accessibility requirements for individuals with disabilities, though the IRC’s accessibility provisions are less stringent than the IBC’s or federal laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). 
  • Jurisdictional Variations:
    • Colleges and universities operate within local building code jurisdictions, which may adopt the IRC, IBC, or a combination with local amendments. For example, a rural campus with townhouse-style student housing might fall under a jurisdiction that enforces the IRC, while an urban campus with high-rise dorms would likely follow the IBC.
    • Some states or localities exempt public institutions (like state universities) from local codes, instead requiring compliance with state-specific standards or the IBC. Private colleges are typically subject to local codes.
    • Campuses may also need to comply with federal regulations (e.g., ADA, Fair Housing Act) or campus-specific design standards, which can supplement or override IRC requirements. 
  • Practical Considerations for Colleges:
    • Cost and design: The IRC is often less stringent and costly to implement than the IBC, making it attractive for smaller-scale student housing projects like townhouses or single-family units. For budget-conscious institutions, IRC-compliant designs can be a cost-effective way to expand housing.
    • Student safety and density: College housing often accommodates more occupants than typical single-family homes, which may push buildings toward IBC classification. For example, a house leased to multiple students might require additional fire safety measures under the IBC or local ordinances if it’s reclassified as a boarding house or multi-unit dwelling.
    • Renovations and maintenance: For existing IRC-compliant buildings (e.g., older homes repurposed for student use), renovations must comply with the IRC or the International Existing Building Code (IEBC), depending on the extent of work. 
  • Challenges and Trends:
    • High-density housing needs: Modern campuses often prioritize high-density residence halls to accommodate large student populations, which typically fall under the IBC. The IRC’s focus on low-rise, single-family structures makes it less relevant for these projects.
    • Sustainability: Colleges increasingly aim for LEED certification or net-zero energy goals. While the IRC includes energy efficiency standards, campuses may adopt stricter sustainability requirements that align with the IBC or institutional policies.
    • Off-campus housing: Some students live in off-campus rentals (e.g., single-family homes or small apartment buildings) that may fall under the IRC. Colleges may work with local authorities to ensure these properties meet safety standards, indirectly involving the IRC.

2024 / 2025 / 2026 Code Development: Group A (2024)

The International Residential Code is relevant to student housing on college campuses primarily when the housing consists of one- and two-family dwellings or townhouses not exceeding three stories, such as family housing or small-scale student residences. However, most campus housing—especially dormitories and multi-unit apartment buildings—falls under the International Building Code (IBC) due to its scale, occupancy, or design. 

Current Issues and Recent Research

“If you want to find the secrets of the universe,

think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration.”

—  Nikola Tesla

​​

IEEE Southeastern Michigan Section Welcome August 2024

 

 

IEEE & SWE Student Tour of Michigan Stadium Scoreboard | April 2024

 

2025 Technical Event

Introduction to Power Systems & Special Cases | Glenn Keates, P.E.

April 16, 4:30 – 6:00 PM | University of Michigan EECS Bldg, Rm. 1303

IEEE Southeastern Michigan Section (SEM)

Thomas Edison Hydropower Plant Tour 2023  Ω  MSU FRIB Tour 2022

Trending  Ω  IEEE E&H April 15 Final Agenda

Electrical Power System Research  Ω NFPA Electrical Standards Landing Page

Department of Energy Portfolio Analysis & Management System

Draft IEEE Paper Abstracts

Proposal for Performance-Based Building Premise Wiring | Chapter 27): Monograph Page 754

“Tomorrow’s Girls” | Donald Fagan

IEEE 493 (Gold Book) Table 10-35 Update

Policy:

FERC Open Meetings

March 20 Open Meeting

February 20 FERC Open Meeting

January 16 FERC Press Conference

January 23: NARUC Congratulates New FERC, FCC and NRC Chairs

January 22: Newly Appointed FCC Chairman Announces Staff Changes | Related: Falsus in uno, Falsus in omnibus

January 6: City of Ann Arbor Postpones Phase II Study to Municipalize DTE Energy distribution grid

January 27, 10 AM Low-Income Energy Policy Board Meeting: Michigan Public Service commission

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission: January 16, 2025 Open Meeting

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Notice of Request for Comments (Posted November 25, 2024)

Interregional Transfer Capability Study: Strengthening Reliability Through the Energy Transformation Docket No. AD25-4-000

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission | November 21, Open Meeting

Press Conference

Michigan Public Service Commission Meetings

Michigan Public Commission Meeting  February 27, 2025

MPSC DTE CMS Electric Power Reliability Case No. U-21305

Michigan Electrical Administrative Board Meeting February 13, 2025

FCC Open Meeting | November 21 

[Mike Anthony Opinion] on the gales of innuendo against limited federal government voices in federally financed National Public Radio

National Infrastructure Advisory Council: Addressing the Critical Shortage of Power Transformers to Ensure Reliability of the U.S. Grid

H.R. 9603 (September 16): To amend the Federal Power Act to prohibit the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission from issuing permits for the construction or modification of electric transmission facilities in a State over the objection of the State, and for other purposes.

Technical: (Also Electrical Power System Research)

Use this for today’s meeting: Proposal_10627_1741190378

Majorana Nanowires for Topological Quantum Computing

Linearized Data Center Workload and Cooling Management

Oxford Researchers Discovered How to Use AI To Learn Like A Genius

Lex Fridman: DeepSeek, China, OpenAI, NVIDIA, xAI, TSMC, Stargate, and AI Megaclusters 

IEEE: Experts Weigh in on $500B Stargate Project for AI

IEEE: AI Mistakes Are Very Different Than Human Mistakes .  We need new security systems designed to deal with their weirdness

High-Performance Tensor Learning Primitives Using GPU Tensor Cores

Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York

Causes and Consequences of Widespread Power Blackout Across Taiwan on 3 March 2022: A Blackout Incident Investigation in the Taiwan Power System

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan

 

First Draft Proposals contain most of our proposals — and most new (original) content.  We will keep the transcripts linked below but will migrate them to a new page starting 2025:

Electrical Safety

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-1

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-2

Public Input Report CMP-3

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-4

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-5

Public Input Report CMP-6

Public Input Report CMP-7

Public Input Report CMP-8

Public Input Report CMP-9

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-10

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-11

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-12

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-13

Public Input Report CMP-14

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-15

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-16

Public Input Report CMP-17

2026 NEC Standards Michigan proposals | Public Input Report CMP-18

Related:

2026 National Electrical Code

N.B. We are in the process of migrating electric power system research to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers bibliographic format. 

Recap of the May meetings of the  Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Conference in Las Vegas.  The conference ended the day before the beginning of the 3-day Memorial Day weekend in the United States so we’re pressed for time; given all that happened.

We can use our last meeting’s agenda to refresh the status of the issues.

IEEE E&H Draft Agenda 28 May 2024

On site conference agenda:

IEEE E&H Conference Agenda 21 May 2024

NESC & NEC Cross-Code Correlation

We typically break down our discussion into the topics listed below:

Codes & Standards:

While IAS/I&CPS has directed votes on the NEC; Mike is the only I&CPS member who is actually submitting proposals and responses to codes and standards developers to the more dominant SDO’s — International Code Council, ASHRAE International, UL, ASTM International, IEC & ISO.  Mike maintains his offer to train the next generation of “code writers and vote getters”

Performance-based building premises feeder design has been proposed for the better part of ten NEC revision cycles.  The objective of these proposals is to reduce material, labor and energy waste owed to the branch and feeder sizing rules that are prescriptive in Articles 210-235.  Our work in service and lighting branch circuit design has been largely successful.  A great deal of building interior power chain involves feeders — the network upstream from branch circuit panels but down stream from building service panel.

Our history of advocating for developing this approach, inspired by the NFPA 101 Guide to Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, and recounted in recent proposals for installing performance-based electrical feeder design into the International Building Code, appears in the link below:

Access to this draft paper for presentation at any conference that will receive it — NFPA, ICC or IEEE (or even ASHRAE) will be available for review at the link below:

Toward Performance-Based Building Premise Feeder Design

Buildings:

Renovation economics, Smart contracts in electrical construction.  UMich leadership in aluminum wiring statements in the NEC should be used to reduce wiring costs.

Copper can’t be mined fast enough to electrify the United States

Daleep asked Mike to do a Case Study session on the NEC lighting power density change (NEC 220-14) for the IAS Annual Meeting in October.  Mike agreed.

Exterior Campus & Distribution:

Illumination.  Gary Fox reported that IEEE 3001.9 was endorsed as an ANSI accredited standard for illumination systems.

2024-ICPSD24-0012 PERMANENT DESIGN OF POWER SYSTEMS Parise

This paper details primary considerations in estimating the life cycle of a campus medium voltage distribution grid.   Some colleges and universities are selling their entire power grid to private companies.  Mike has been following these transactions but cannot do it alone.

Variable Architecture Multi-Island Microgrids

District energy:

Generator stator winding failures and implications upon insurance premiums.  David Shipp and Sergio Panetta.  Mike suggests more coverage of retro-fit and lapsed life cycle technicals for insurance companies setting premiums.

Reliability:

Bob Arno’s leadership in updating the Gold Book.

Mike will expand the sample set in Table 10-35, page 293 from the <75 data points in the 1975 survey to >1000 data points.   Bob will set up meeting with Peyton at US Army Corps of Engineers.

Reliability of merchant utility distribution systems remains pretty much a local matter.  The 2023 Edition of the NESC shows modest improvement in the vocabulary of reliability concepts.  For the 2028 Edition Mike submitted several proposals to at least reference IEEE titles in the distribution reliability domain.   It seems odd (at least to Mike) that the NESC committees do not even reference IEEE technical literature such as Bob’s Gold Book which has been active for decades.  Mike will continue to propose changes in other standards catalogs — such as ASTM, ASHRAE and ICC — which may be more responsive to best practice assertions.  Ultimately, improvements will require state public utility commission regulations — and we support increases in tariffs so that utilities can afford these improvements.

Mike needs help from IEEE Piscataway on standard WordPress theme limitations for the data collection platform.

Mike will update the campus power outage database.

Healthcare:

Giuseppe Parise’s recent work in Italian power grid to its hospitals, given its elevated earthquake risk.  Mike’s review of Giuseppe’s paper:

Harvard Business School: Journal of Healthcare Management Standards

Mike and David Shipp will prepare a position paper for the Harvard Healthcare Management Journal on reliability advantages of impedance grounding for the larger systems.

The Internet of Bodies

Forensics:

Giuseppe’s session was noteworthy for illuminating the similarity and differences between the Italian and US legal system in handling electrotechnology issues.

Mike will restock the committee’s library of lawsuits transactions.

Ports:

Giuseppe updates on the energy and security issues of international ports.  Mike limits his time in this committee even though the State of Michigan has the most fresh water international ports in the world.

A PROPOSED GUIDE FOR THE ENERGY PLAN AND ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF A PORT

Other:

Proposals to the 2028 National Electrical Safety Code: Accepted Best Practice, exterior switchgear guarding, scope expansion into ICC and ASHRAE catalog,

Apparently both the Dot Standards and the Color Books will continue parallel development.  Only the Gold Book is being updated; led by Bob Arno.  Mike admitted confusion but reminded everyone that any references to IEEE best practice literature in the NFPA catalog, was installed Mike himself (who would like some backup help)

Universities with Quantum Computing Facilities

Papers in Process:

Impedance Grounding Papers 1 and 2 with David Shipp.  Previous Discussion:

https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/ieee-region-events/uc-berkeley-s-medium-voltage-grounding-system

Over Coffee and Beers:

Mike assured Christel Hunter (General Cable) that his proposals for reducing the 180 VA per-outlet requirements, and the performance-base design allowance for building interior feeders do not violate the results of the Neher-McGrath calculation used for conductor sizing.  All insulation and conducting material thermal limits are unaffected.

Other informal discussions centered on the rising cost of copper wiring and the implications for the global electrotechnical transformation involving the build out of quantum computing and autonomous vehicles.  Few expressed optimism that government ambitions for the same could be met in any practical way.

Are students avoiding use of Chat GPT for energy conservation reasons?  Mike will be breaking out this topic for a dedicated standards inquiry session:

GPT Power Grid

Education & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology Committee

Workspace IEEE 1366: Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices

Largest U.S. Electric Utility Companies Ranked by Generation Capacity  For IEEE 493 update we seek outage data from the 100 largest campus power system experts.

Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies

Free Access 2025 NFPA 13R |  ICC Group R crosswalk

About 20 percent of education settlement real assets lie in student and temporary faculty housing; some of it located in “off-campus fire protection grid” owned by Mom-and-Pop rental housing owners or large corporate student housing aggregators. Both eschew residential sprinkler systems unless mandated by local building codes.

2025 Public Input Transcript

2025 Public Comment Transcript

 Public input on the 2028 Edition will be received until June 4th.

Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Related:

Center for Campus Fire Safety

Fire Protection Research Foundation: Stakeholder Perceptions of Home Fire Sprinklers

Plumbing & Sanitation

“At the Water Trough” 1876 J. Alden Weir

Today we slice horizontally through several vertical catalogs that interact, cross reference and are fairly dynamic in their best practice discovery and promulgation. 

ASME A112.*| ASSE Series 5000 | AWWA| IAPMO | CISPI 301 Series | NSF Ann Arbor Michigan

Plumbing and sanitation systems in educational settlements – especially those with healthcare and research enterprises are intricately linked, ensuring clean water supply, waste removal, and public health. Plumbing systems deliver potable water to dormitories, academic buildings, dining halls, and recreational facilities through a network of pipes, pumps, and valves. (Kitchens).  These systems source water from municipal supplies or campus wells, often treated to meet safety standards (Backflow Prevention). Hot water heaters and pressure regulators maintain consistent supply for showers, sinks, and laboratories.

Sanitation systems, conversely, manage wastewater and sewage. They collect used water from toilets, sinks, and showers, channeling it through drainage pipes to campus treatment facilities or municipal sewer systems. Advanced campuses may employ on-site wastewater treatment plants, using processes like sedimentation and biological treatment to reduce environmental impact. Regular maintenance, including pipe cleaning and septic tank pumping, prevents blockages and contamination.

The interaction requires precise coordination. Plumbing systems must avoid cross-contamination with sanitation lines, using backflow preventers and proper pipe insulation. 

Sanitation systems rely on plumbing’s water flow to transport waste efficiently. On large campuses, high demand during peak hours challenges both systems, necessitating robust infrastructure. Sustainable practices, like low-flow fixtures and greywater recycling, enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and align with campus environmental goals, ensuring a hygienic and functional environment.

Join us today at 11 AM when we sort through the settled science and unsettled standards of care.  Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page. 

Related:

Gallery: Great Lakes

DRINKING, WASTEWATER & STORMWATER SYSTEMS

Physical Security of Water Utilities

Backflow

Water and Sanitation

 

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