Barter system: The oldest form of money system, where goods and services were exchanged directly for other goods and services without the use of money.
Cowrie shells: Cowrie shells were used as currency in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The shells were valued for their beauty, durability, and rarity.
Commodity money: This system involved the use of valuable commodities, such as salt, spices, and precious metals (such as gold), as a medium of exchange. The value of the commodity was determined by its scarcity and desirability.
Grain-based systems: In ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia, grain was often used as a form of currency. Farmers would pay their taxes in grain, and grain would be used to pay wages to workers.
Coinage: The use of coins as a medium of exchange emerged in ancient Greece and spread throughout the Roman Empire. Coins were typically made of precious metals, such as gold and silver, and their value was determined by their weight and purity.
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“We worry about what a child will become tomorrow,
yet we forget that he is someone today.”
– Stacia Tauscher
Today we run a status check on the stream of technical and management standards evolving to assure the highest possible level of security for education communities. The literature expands significantly from an assortment of national standards-setting bodies, trade associations, ad hoc consortia and open source standards developers. CLICK HERE for a sample of our work in this domain.
School security is big business in the United States. A few years ago we could deal with physical security separately from cybersecurity. Not so much anymore. In today’s colloquium — essentially a survey module presenting a broad overview — we seek to understand product and interoperability standards for the following technologies:
Video surveillance: indoor and outdoor cameras, cameras with night vision and motion detection capabilities and cameras that can be integrated with other security systems for enhanced monitoring and control.
Access control:doors, remote locking, privacy and considerations for persons with disabilities.
As time permits, we will reckon with first cost and long-term maintenance cost, including software maintenance.
Bob Hope Primary School Kadena Air Base
According to a report by Markets and Markets, the global school and campus security market size was valued at USD 14.0 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 21.7 billion by 2025, at a combined annual growth rate of 7.2% during the forecast period. Another report by Research And Markets estimates that the US school security market will grow at a compound annual growth rate of around 8% between 2020 and 2025, driven by factors such as increasing incidents of school violence, rising demand for access control and surveillance systems, and increasing government funding for school safety initiatives.
Noteworthy: The combined annual growth rate of the school and campus security market is greater than the growth rate of the education “industry” itself.
Education Community Safety catalog is one of the fast-growing catalogs of best practice literature. We link a small sample below and update ahead of every Security colloquium.
When your students love the school security guard- he gets flowers! Thanks, Steve! You are the BEST and we appreciate your hard work keeping us safe and building relationships! pic.twitter.com/VCJQ6y9S44
The Lithuanian Standards Board is the national standardization organization of Lithuania. Its main role is to develop, adopt and promote national standards and technical regulations in various fields, such as engineering, manufacturing, construction, information technology, and environmental management. The LST is responsible for coordinating the development of Lithuanian standards and ensuring that they are in line with international standards. It also participates in the development of international standards through its membership in the International Organization for Standardization and the European Committee for Standardization.
In addition to standardization activities, the LST also provides training and consulting services to businesses, organizations, and government agencies in the field of standardization and quality management. It also serves as a national contact point for the European Union’s New Approach Directives, which provide for the harmonization of technical regulations within the EU.
The “Life and Mind” building at Oxford is a new research center that aims to bring together researchers from different fields to study the intersection of biology, psychology, and philosophy. The center’s research focuses on the fundamental questions about the nature of life and mind, including the origins of life, the evolution of consciousness, and the relationship between mind and body. The center brings together researchers from diverse fields, including biology, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and artificial intelligence, to work collaboratively on these questions.
Several noteworthy challenges which should not be unfamiliar to Friends of Standards Michigan:
How to accommodate a diverse wide range of academic departments and programs, while also providing flexible and adaptable spaces for research, teaching, and collaboration. This required careful consideration of the building’s layout, structural design, and mechanical systems, as well as the materials and finishes used throughout the building.
Another major challenge was preserving and enhancing the historic character of the building’s site, which is located in the heart of Oxford’s historic city centre. This required sensitive design solutions that could integrate modern facilities and technologies while also respecting the surrounding architecture and urban fabric.
The building’s complex structural design required careful coordination and collaboration between the architects, engineers, and contractors involved in the project. The building includes a large underground lecture theatre, which required innovative solutions for acoustics and ventilation, as well as advanced construction techniques to ensure stability and safety.
We feature a new construction or renovation project every day (or the codes and standards that inform the safety and sustainability of such projects) and maintain them on our periodic AEDificare* colloquium. We are online every day — our “office hours” — so don’t be shy about clicking in. Plenty of cool stuff to talk about.
*Because the word “construction” shows up so much in our characters strings, we use Greek and Roman mnemonics to keep content organized.
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwBpic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
