Robie House

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Robie House

July 19, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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“The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own,

we have no soul of our own civilization.”

Frank Lloyd Wright

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prairie School Architecture

University of Chicago Architectural Studies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Frank Lloyd Trust

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Robie House is maintained and operated by the Frank Lloyd Wright Trust, a nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving the works of Frank Lloyd Wright. The trust focuses on the restoration, preservation, and education related to Wright’s architectural legacy. The Robie House, located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, is one of the trust’s key properties.

Building codes for houses and museums may have some similarities but also key differences due to the distinct functions and occupancy types. Building codes are typically established to ensure the safety, health, and general welfare of the occupants and the public. While some requirements may be consistent, the specific regulations can vary based on the use and characteristics of the building. Here are some general considerations for how building codes might differ between houses and museums:

  1. Occupancy Type: The primary factor that influences building codes is the occupancy type. Residential houses are generally classified as Group R (Residential), while museums might fall under Group A (Assembly) or Group B (Business). Each occupancy group has specific requirements related to fire safety, egress, accessibility, and structural integrity.
  2. Fire Safety: Museums often house valuable artifacts, and fire safety is a critical concern. Museums may have more stringent fire protection measures, such as fire suppression systems, fire-resistant construction materials, and specialized storage requirements for certain materials. Residential homes also have fire safety requirements but may not have the same level of protection as cultural institutions.
  3. Accessibility: Museums, as public buildings, are usually subject to more stringent accessibility requirements to ensure that people with disabilities can navigate the space. This includes features like ramps, elevators, and accessible restrooms. Residential buildings have accessibility requirements as well, but they are typically less extensive compared to public spaces.
  4. Structural Requirements: Museums may have specialized structural requirements to support the weight of exhibits, particularly for large and heavy artifacts. Residential homes, while still subject to structural codes, may not have the same load-bearing considerations unless they incorporate unique features like extensive libraries or art collections.
  5. Zoning and Land Use: The location and zoning regulations can also impact both houses and museums differently. Museums might be subject to additional zoning requirements related to cultural institutions, parking, and public access.
  6. Energy Efficiency: Both residential and commercial buildings are subject to energy efficiency codes, but the specific requirements may differ. Commercial buildings, including museums, might have more extensive requirements for HVAC systems, lighting, and insulation.

International Residential Code


Illinois

 

University Art Collections

July 19, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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“We have art in order not to perish from the Truth”

— Friedrich Nietzsche

 

We occasionally break from our focus on the technology and management of these “cities-within-cities” and dwell briefly on the primary business of the academy. Academic museums and galleries provide a setting for conveying inherited wisdom to the next generation of cultural leaders. We include in this gallery examples of architectural art of the buildings themselves.   Click on images for more artist and location credit.   Technical information about safety and sustainability of this facility class appears at the bottom of this page.

“Street Scene, Christmas Morning” 1982 Frederick Childe Hassam | Smith College Museum of Art

“The Prairie is My Garden” | Harvey Dunn (1884-1952) | South Dakota State University Art Museum

“La Débâcle or Les Glaçons” (1880) | Claude Monet | University of Michigan Museum of Art

Harvard University Art Museum | “Thatched-Roof Cottage by a Lake” | Myles Birket Foster (1825 – 1899)

“The Fall of Novgorod” (1891) / Klaudii Vasilievich Lebedev / University of Wiscosin Chazen Museum of Art

“Dancer” c. 1923 José Miguel Covarrubias Duclaud | Museum of Art & Archeology University of Missouri

Brigham University Museum of Art | “Crossing the Mississippi on the Ice” | C.C.A. Christensen (1878)

Self-portrait, 1919 Amedeo Modigliani /Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo

 

Princeton University Art Museum | “Shinnecock, Long Island” | William Merritt Chase (1896)

Georgetown University Museum of Art | “Fujiyama from Kawaibashi, at Tokaido” (circa 1880) | Kusakabe Kimbei

“Volcanic Cones” 1934 Maynard Dixon | Brigham Young University

University of Virginia Museum of Art | “The Natural Bridge, Virginia” | Frederic Edwin Church (1852)

Colby College Museum of Art | “Frankie and Johnny” | Alex Katz (1948-1949)

Bowdoin College Museum of Art | View on the Hudson | George Inness

University of Vienna Ceiling Paintings (Medicine)

Princeton University Art Museum | “Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge” | Claude Monet (1899)

Dinastía Qing / Penn University Museum

Yale University Art Museum | “Young Woman and Child | Berthe Morisot (1966)

 

Princeton University Art Museum | “Mount Adams, Washington” | Albert Bierstadt (1875)

Michigan State University | Broad Art Museum

“Piazza San Marco with the Basilica by Canaletto, 1730” / Harvard University Art Museum

“Boathouses and Lobster Pots” | Fairfield Porter | Amherst College Art Museum

Harvard University | In the Sierras, Lake Tahoe (Albert Bierstadt)

Stanford University Art Museum

“Indians Playing Lacrosse on the Ice” 1934 Yale University Art Gallery

 

Stanford University | “The Burghers of Calais” by Auguste Rodin

University of Texas | Indians of the Northwest (Thomas Hill)

Arizona State University Art Museum

Yale University | The Battle of Bunker Hill (John Trumbull)

Dante Gabriel Rossetti | La Pia de Tolomei | University of Kansas Art Museum

University of Minnesota Art Museum


LEARN MORE:

Workspace / Art Museum Safety & Sustainability

 

Museum Collections Security

July 19, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Several universities host federal enterprises (laboratories, wildlands, Presidential libraries*, etc.) that must conform to Title 40 United States Code, Public Buildings, Property, and Works Paragraph 486(c) provides statutory authority for the head of each executive agency to issue orders and directives necessary to manage the Government’s property. 

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 41 Federal Property Management Regulations Part 101, Subpart 20.5 “Physical Protection”, prescribes policies and methods for physically protecting buildings and grounds operated by GSA and other Federal Executive agencies. The Department of the Interior’s property management regulations are in Part 114 of CFR 41.

Museum Management Chapter 14: Museum Collections Security

Museum Lighting & Lighting for Fine Art

Cultural Resource Properties

Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films

* There are only a few education communities that host Presidential Libraries:

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum – West Branch, Iowa (Hoover Institution, Stanford University)

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library and Museum – Austin, Texas (The University of Texas at Austin)

Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum – Ann Arbor, Michigan (The University of Michigan)

George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum – College Station, Texas (Texas A&M University)

 

“We Plough the Fields, and Scatter”

July 18, 2024
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The hymn is based on a German poem titled “Wir pflügen und wir streuen,” which was written by Matthias Claudius (1740-1815), a German poet and journalist. The poem first appeared in 1782 as part of a larger work, “Paul Erdmann’s Fest,” which was a fictional account of a harvest festival.


IBC Section 1207 | Classroom Acoustics

July 18, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Chapter 12 of the 2021 International Building Code provides minimum provisions for the interior of building–the occupied environment.  Ventilation, lighting and space heating are directly regulated in this chapter and in conjunction with the International Mechanical Code and the International Energy Conservation Code.  Minimum room size and maximum root–to-room sound transmission are set for certain occupancies.

Chapter 12 Interior Environment

Section 1207 asserts a requirement for “Enhanced Classroom Acoustics” that recognizes occupants with special needs for all classrooms with a volume larger than 20,000 cubic feet or less, articulated in Section 808 of 2017 ICC A117.1, the latest version.  Widespread use of personal hearing appliances — headphones — have complicated best practice in this domain.


 

20 February 2018 

One noteworthy proposal for enhanced classroom acoustics — for classrooms with a volume larger than 20,000 cubic feet — appears on Pages 13-14 of the document linked below:

Classroom Acoustics BCAC General 5 – IBC A117.1 Coordination 11-20-1027 File 17-229

While this proposal is largely a correlation proposal to harmonize IBC Chapter 12 concepts with concepts already present in IBC A117.1 it does set up a new section to lock in the correlation with ICC A117.1 Section 808.  It has been on the agenda of breakout committees of International Code Council (ICC) ahead of its Group A Committee Action Hearings April 15 to 25, 2018 in Columbus, Ohio.

Standards Michigan encourages user-interest subject matter experts in the education industry to participate in the ICC Committee Action Hearings.  Other inquiries may be directed to Ed Wirtshorek (ewirtschoreck@iccsafe.org).  We keep the ICC suite of standards as a standing item on our weekly Open Door teleconferences that are open to the public.  

Issue 17-229

Category: Architectural, Accessibility

 

Acoustical Engineering

Classroom Acoustics

July 18, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Donegan Acoustics

With acoustic considerations a substantial contributor to the effectiveness of learning spaces — classrooms, lecture hall, performance arts and athletic venues, etc.  — we follow action in the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) suite of ANSI-accredited standards.

ASA Standards Homepage

For example, building codes in the United States identify horizontal and vertical acoustic insulation between floors and between walls, respectively, as design considerations.   Section 1206.2 of the International Building Code deal with  horizontal and vertical wall sealant applications for “airborne sound” mitigation, for example.   Fire protection and mass notification systems identified in NFPA 72 and UL 2572 depend upon alarms actually being heard by the occupants underscore the importance of acoustic design.  When lively art spaces are also instructional spaces we seek to understand the standard of care for acoustic design of classroom spaces.   Of particular interest to us in the ASA bibliography is the title linked below:

ASA S12.60 Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools, Part 2: Relocatable Classroom Factors.

This is a fairly stable standard; though other sound related technologies we cover in other sound related technologies (ISO TC/43 Acoustics and IEC Electroacoustics TC 29).  Last year’s update was required by ANSI and we had no comments to submit; absent queries from students, faculty and staff.  It is wise to keep it on our radar, however, given the step-change in education communities owed to the pandemic.

On your own you may communicate with Caryn Mennigke at ASA: (631) 390-0215, asastds@acousticalsociety.org.  The ASA uses ANSI Standards Action for issuing live public consultation notices.

Since acoustic technologies cut across many disciplines we maintain it on the standing agenda of our Construction, Lively Art and Nota Bene teleconferences.   See our CALENDAR next scheduled meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [19-140]

Category: Academics, Architectural, #SmartCampus

Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Kristen Murphy


LEARN MORE:

Room acoustic design, measurement, and simulation techniques to reduce hospital noises within patients’ environment | Mojtaba Navvab,  University of Michigan

Acoustical/Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools   International Code Council

ASTM Standard E90, 2009 (2016). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements

 

Study on the Relationship Between Speech Intelligibility and Quality Estimates in University Classrooms

Study on the Relationship Between Speech Intelligibility and Quality Estimates in University Classrooms

July 18, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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Study on the Relationship Between Speech Intelligibility and Quality Estimates in University Classrooms

Arkadiy Prodeus, et al

Abstract: In this paper, correlation coefficients between the five objective estimates of speech quality, on the one hand, and the Speech Transmission Index as speech intelligibility measure, on the other hand, were estimated. This comparison was performed using binaural room impulse responses corresponded to different points of the three university auditoriums of different sizes. Speech quality was assessed using intrusive speech quality measures: Segmental Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Logarithmic Spectral Distortion, Frequency-Weighted Segmental Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Bark Spectral Distortion, and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality. The formation of signals distorted by reverberation was performed by convolving of pure signals with binaural room impulse responses of the premises. A high level of correlation (0.6-0.99) of Bark Spectral Distortion estimates with estimates of the Speech Transmission Index for rooms of different sizes was revealed. Correlation of estimates (0.65-0.98) of Frequency-Weighted Segmental Signal-to-Noise ratio with Speech Transmission Index estimates was observed for medium and large rooms. Significant correlation (0.96-0.99) of Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality with Speech Transmission Index estimates was observed only for large audiences. At the same time, estimates of the Segmental Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Logarithmic Spectral Distortion turned out to be practically uncorrelated with Speech Transmission Index estimates for all studied premises.

CLICK HERE to order complete paper

ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF HVAC SYSTEMS

July 18, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com
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HVAC equipment for a building is one of the major sources of interior noise, and its effect on the acoustical environment is important. Further, noise from equipment located outdoors often propagates to the community. Therefore, mechanical equipment must be selected, and equipment spaces designed, with an emphasis on both the intended uses of the equipment and the goal of providing acceptable sound levels in occupied spaces of the building and in the surrounding community. Operation of HVAC equipment can also induce mechanical vibration
that propagates into occupied spaces through structureborne paths such as piping, ductwork, and mounts. Vibration can cause direct discomfort and also create secondary radiation of noise from vibrating walls, floors, piping, etc.

In this chapter, sound and noise are used interchangeably, although only unwanted sound is considered to be noise.

CLICK IMAGE

Related ASHRAE titles:

  1. ASHRAE 55 – Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy: While this standard primarily deals with thermal comfort, it also includes guidance on acceptable indoor noise levels in occupied spaces.
  2. ASHRAE 62.1 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality: This standard includes requirements for noise levels associated with ventilation systems and their components.
  3. ASHRAE 68 – Methods of Testing to Determine the Sound Power of HVAC Equipment: This standard provides procedures for testing and measuring the sound power levels of various HVAC equipment.
  4. ASHRAE 130 – Methods of Testing Air-Cleaning Devices Used in General Ventilation for Removing Particulate Matter: Though focused on air-cleaning devices, this standard also addresses the sound performance of these devices.
  5. ASHRAE 174 – Sound Measurement and Characteristics of HVAC Equipment: This standard provides guidance on sound measurement techniques and performance criteria for HVAC equipment.

These standards aim to ensure that HVAC&R systems and equipment operate efficiently and provide a comfortable indoor environment while minimizing excessive noise levels and potential acoustic issues. They play a vital role in promoting occupant comfort and overall building performance in terms of noise control and sound quality.

Acoustics

Graduation Scholastic Aptitude Test

July 17, 2024
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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