The University of Florida’s Ben Hill Griffin Stadium is getting a $1.45 billion makeover — and the transformation is set to be complete just in time for the iconic venue’s 100th birthday. A Manhattan Construction Company and AECOM Hunt partnership has been named construction… pic.twitter.com/P2us7Dlleo
— NextMetropolis (@NextMetropolis) June 17, 2026
Today at the usual hour we review best practice literature for the design, construction and operation of Power-Limited Circuits in healthcare facilities. With our previous tenure on Code Panel 15 of the National Electrical Code (which covers healthcare facilities, primarily) and our recent appointment by IEEE to Code Panel 3 (which covers power limited circuits in all occupancy classes) we set ourselves up to respond to the proposals that will shape the 2029 NEC. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
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If one imagines that three-phase hospital power distribution systems as “arteries” then power limited circuits can be imagined as the “capillaries” that drive hundreds of end use clinical equipment and devices. The analogy captures the hierarchical, physiological structure of hospital electrical systems—much like the human circulatory system—where power flows from high-capacity trunks to precision, low-risk endpoints.
Three-phase hospital power distribution systems function as the arteries and veins: they are the robust, high-volume “vascular” network. Incoming utility power (or on-site generators) arrives as three-phase medium voltage, stepped down through transformers and switchgear into the Essential Electrical System (EES). This backbone—normal power, life-safety, critical, and equipment branches—delivers bulk kilowatts across the facility to major loads: HVAC, lighting, elevators, imaging suites, and operating-room receptacles. Like arteries, these feeders carry large currents over long distances with minimal loss; like veins, they return current safely while maintaining redundancy and selective coordination to keep the “body” (hospital) alive during outages.
Power-limited circuits (NEC Article 725/724 Class 2 and Class 3) are the capillaries. They are the countless, tiny, energy-restricted final branches that directly “perfuse” end-use clinical devices. These circuits are deliberately power-limited—typically ≤30 V and ≤100 VA—to prevent fire, shock, or interference in patient-care spaces. They supply nurse-call systems, bedside monitors, infusion-pump controls, alarm signaling, data links, and low-voltage sensors. Just as capillaries exchange oxygen and nutrients cell-by-cell without flooding tissue, power-limited circuits deliver only the precise, safe wattage needed by sensitive electronics while isolating them from the high-energy main distribution. Their thin insulation, separation rules, and inherent current-limiting transformers mirror the delicate walls of capillaries.
| Sie strahlt vor Freude über ihre Auszeichnung – TH-Alumna Melanie Klaus. Für ihre Bachelorarbeit im Bereich Erneuerbare Energien wurde sie vom Solarenergieförderverein Bayern geehrt. In ihrer Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Elektro- und Informationstechnik untersuchte sie das Zusammenspiel von Wind- und Solarenergie und den Nutzen, der sich hieraus für die regenerative Energieerzeugung erzielen lässt. Untersucht wurde also die Nutzung der natürlichen Kombination von Wind und Sonne für die Energieerzeugung. Um die Rentabilität dieser Einspeisekombination zu ermitteln, hat Melanie Klaus ein Software-Tool entwickelt, welches zur Planung und Simulation abgestimmter Photovoltaik-Wind-Kombinationen dient und bereits für die Errichtung einer Photovoltaik-Anlage zu einem Windpark eingesetzt wird. |
Starting 2023 we separated our coverage of solar energy standards from our standing Electrical and Energy colloquia and placed emphasis on seasonal life cycle returns. We start with the following titles
IEC TC 82 Solar photovoltaic energy systems
Underwriters Laboratories 1703 PV Module Certification
ASTM E772 Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
IEEE 1562 Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems
NEMA Solar Photovoltaic Council
NECA 412 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Photovoltaic Power Systems
NFPA 70 Articles 690-691
NFPA 70 Articles 705 & 855
International Code Council Section 1607 Photovoltaic panels or modules
ASHRAE International: 90.1 Building Energy Code & 189.1 Green Energy Code
Time permitting: Example design specification and construction contract.
Other standards developers and publishers are also present in this domain but this list is where we will start given that we only have an hour. Join us today at 16:00 with the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Readings:
What are the hidden costs of solar panels?
Do We Have Enough Silver, Copper, And Other Materials To Keep Up With The Growth Of Solar?
Mining Raw Materials for Solar Panels: Problems and Solutions
OSHA Restroom Sanitation Standards
CDC: When and How to Clean and Disinfect a Facility
Salutariness (Cleanliness) standards follow culture (which follows the science which follows water and chemical management systems). What is considered clean or hygienic in one culture may differ from what is considered clean or hygienic in another culture. In some cultures, it is customary to remove shoes before entering a home, as it is considered unclean to wear shoes indoors. In Japan, it is customary to take a bath or shower before entering a public bathhouse or hot spring, as it is considered unclean to enter a communal bath without washing first. Most public swimming pools in the United States conform to a similar standard.
In some cultures, it is customary to eat with one’s hands, while in others, using utensils is the norm. Similarly, in some cultures, it is customary to clean one’s hands and face before eating, while in others, it is not considered necessary. Cleanliness standards can also vary depending on the level of economic development, access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and public health policies in different countries. Mahatma Gandhi believed that promoting cleanliness and hygiene could help in building a strong and self-sufficient nation.
“Harlem school custodian to retire, gets cafeteria dedicated to him” | Rockford Register Star
During today’s colloquium we review best practice literature for hygiene in education community interior spaces; including related accessory technologies. Owing to the circumstances of the pandemic we have rewritten our past coverage of this topic for 2022.
Among the standards setting organizations active in this domain: (Short List)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME: Personal hygiene devices for water closets.
American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers (ASHRAE International)
American Society of Safety Professionals
American Water Works Association
“Responding to Water Stagnation in Buildings with Reduced or No Water Use”
Association of Physical Plant Administrators (APPA)
When you are short on custodians for a few days and staff members voluntarily chip in… during their planning time. ❤️
This is culture. #multiplyexcellence pic.twitter.com/R3OhZE1g3Q
— Emily Paschall (@EmilyAPaschall) April 22, 2023
International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials (IAPMO Group)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Prospect of Solar-assisted Heat Pump Water Heating Systems for Student Residences
Identification of Legionella Species by Photogate-Type Optical Sensor
Smart Biosensor for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Tap Water
Innovative UV-C LED Disinfection Systems for DrinkingWater Treatment
Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification
International Code Council
International Building Code: Chapter 12 Interior Environment
International Mechanical Code: Ventilation
International Plumbing Code: Sanitary Drainage
International Kitchen Exhaust Cleaning Association
International Sanitary Supply Association
Design Guidelines
National Air Duct Cleaners Association
Standard for Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of HVAC Systems
National Fire Protection Association
“NFPA responds to the coronavirus”
National Sanitation Foundation (Several titles)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
State and Federal Regulations Open for Comment
We place public consultation deadlines at top priority in the time available and will schedule a separate break-out session to write and send comments.
Open to everyone. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Post-Secondary Education: Facilities Inventory and Classification Manual
Managemen: Five Questions You Should Ask About Your Custodial Closets
Western Michigan University: The Custodian’s Role in Student Success
State of Illinois Administrative Code for Housekeeping and Storage
McGill University Special Building Areas: Custodial Areas
Washington University St. Louis: Custodial Space Requirements
Florida State University: Custodial Closet Design
Florida State University: Design Criteria and Requirements for Custodial Closets
Oregon State University Custodial Area Design
Oregon State University: Custodial Closets
ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality: Custodial Area Ventilation
“Faith of Our Fathers” is a hymn written in 1849 by Frederick William Faber, a Catholic priest, to honor the steadfast faith of Catholic martyrs, particularly in England during times of persecution. Set to the tune “St. Catherine,” it celebrates the enduring legacy of faith passed down through generations, emphasizing resilience against adversity. The lyrics reflect themes of sacrifice, courage, and devotion, urging believers to uphold their faith despite challenges.
Originally Catholic, the hymn has been adapted by various Christian denominations, symbolizing a universal call to remain steadfast in spiritual conviction, inspired by ancestral faithfulness.
Matthew 22:1-14 KJV | Word on Fire
Standards Illinois | Sacred Spaces | Sending Out Workers for the Vineyard
A beautiful morning of faith, tradition, and community at the annual Rector’s Mass and Brunch! Thank you to Very Rev. John Kartje for his leadership and for hosting this annual celebration of tradition and community. #RectorsMass #MundeleinSeminary #USML #CatholicFaith #Community pic.twitter.com/sjPyy9McTM
— Mundelein Seminary (@MundeleinSem) October 12, 2025
On Saturday, in honor of Pier Giorgio Frassati and Carlo Acutis Canonizations, seminarians celebrated a Sun Rise Mass on our campus presided by our Vice Rector, Fr. Francis Bitterman. pic.twitter.com/iGfQWJDGBn
— Mundelein Seminary (@MundeleinSem) September 8, 2025
BSI Group: The Role of Standards in Shaping Careers and a Fairer Future
Growth for tech innovation in Bristol as Future Space expands
“Immoderate Greatness: Why Civilizations Fail, and Apologies to the Grandchildren” | William Ophuls
A great weekend! pic.twitter.com/9QQS6xvzVx
— Huw Llandre (@Llandre) April 2, 2024
English royal family tree traced back to the 9th century pic.twitter.com/DSQIqWq6dU
— ThinkingWest (@thinkingwest) August 6, 2024
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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