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Pool, Fountain, Agriculture & Water Infrastructure Electrical Safety
2026 National Electrical Code Workspace
“The Bathing Pool” / Hubert Robert (French, 1733–1808) / Gift of J.P. Morgan
Education communities have significant assets tied up in swimming pools, immersion pools, fountains, hydro-therapy installations (in hospitals and athletic training facilities) and flood control facilities (in congested, non-permeable parts of urban campuses) we have been keeping an eye on leading practice discovery for these installations in the 2020 National Electrical Code.
With electrical safety — i.e. shock protection — as the focus of this post*, the relevant parts of the 2020 NEC reside in Articles 680 and 682 are described below:
Article 680 applies to the construction and installation of electrical wiring for, and equipment in or adjacent all swimming, wading, therapeutic and decorative pools, fountains, hot tubs, spas and hydromassage bathtubs, whether permanently installed or storable, and to metallic auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, filters, and similar equipment. The term body of water used throughout Part I applies to all bodies of water covered in this scope unless otherwise amended.
Article 682 applies to the installation of electrical wiring for, and the equipment in and adjacent to, natural or artificially made bodies of water not covered by other articles in the NEC, such as, but not limited to aeration ponds, fish farm ponds, storm retention basins, treatment ponds and irrigation (channel facilities. Water depths may vary seasonally or be controlled.
When the 2020 NEC is released there will be hundreds (more like thousands) of experts who make their living on each NEC revision fanning out across the globe able and ready to interpret, advise and train. We are not primarily a code training enterprise but we do get down into the weeds of electrical safety technical discussion where leading practice discovery discussion is recorded:
2020 NEC Article 680-682 Public Input | Pages 240 – 501
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 First Draft Report | Page 59 – 152
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 Public Comment Report
2020 NEC Articles 680-682 Second Draft Final Ballot
Transcripts superseded. We refer to the 2026 Workspace linked at the top of this page.
We find interest in corrosion control, water bottle fill stations, water heating technologies, LED illumination as well as the usual editorial, correlation and concepts movement between articles. From these transcripts it should also be plain that grounding and bonding practice, GFCI protection, luminaire location and wiring, corrosion management continue to be of primary interest in electrical safety assurance. Related safety concepts appear in NFPA 70B and NFPA 70E. Anything having to do with water; or the areas around water, are regions of elevated risk.
We are happy to discuss electrical safety standards any day at 11 AM Eastern time and host a monthly breakout teleconference dedicated to Electrical Power Safety in education facilities. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting. We also collaborate closely with the IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee which meets online four times monthly in European and American time zones.
Issue: [16-102]
Category: Electrical, Risk Management, Water,
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard
*We leave the technical specifics of footcandle distribution to another, future post.
LEARN MORE:
2017 NEC changes for electrical safety in swimming pools
2020 NEC Changes (All Articles)
Dostojno jest
The Cracow University of Economics campus is located in the centre of Krakow in the close neighborhood of the main railway station and bus station Kraków Główny. The University owns 15 buildings where lectures and classes take place, including other facilities like: language centre, library, sport facilities, canteens and cafes, career centre and university clinic.
History of Western Civilization Told Through the Acoustics of its Worship Spaces
Air Conditioning
Ancient Air Conditioning | CLICK ON IMAGE
Today at 15:00 UTC we will review the latest in best practice literature for air conditioning systems. Note that we have broken out this topic from the standing Mechanical colloquia. Our approach features interoperability and system considerations. Catalogs on the agenda:
ACCA
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE International
Standard 90.1-2022—Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
Standard 90.4 Energy Standard for Data Centers
Acceptable Performance Standard for District Cooling Systems
ASME
Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems
European Standards
EN 14511 Specifies the requirements for air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors.
IEEE
International Code Council
International Building Code Interior Environment & HVAC Systems
International Mechanical Code Chapter 11 Refrigeration
NFPA
National Electrical Code Article 430: Motors, Motor Circuits and Motor Controllers
Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
Underwriters Laboratories (largely product standards, not embedded system nor interoperability titles)
Uptime Institute
Implementing Data Center Cooling Best Practices
Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page
University of Rochester Central Utilities Plant Absorption Chiller
Issues: [11-67, 15-124, 15-135, 15-165]
Category: Energy, Mechanical
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Larry Spielvogel, Richard Robben
Air Conditioning System Construction & Maintenance
Ancient Air Conditioning | CLICK ON IMAGE
The Air Conditioning Contractors Association of America is an accredited standards developer for the design, maintenance, installation, testing, and performance of indoor environment systems. We find several ACCA best practice titles referenced as in education facility design guidelines and construction contracts. Much of its catalog forms the foundation for the technical curricula in trade schools. Its library is linked below:
It welcomes original public input and public comment on titles in its standards catalog at the link below:
ACCA Standards Development Home Page
As of this posting the ACCA has not released any titles for public comment. We encourage our colleagues to interact directly with the ACCA standards team: Air Conditioning Contractors Association, 2800 Shirlington Rd, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22206, (703) 575-4477, membership@acca.org.
We maintain the ACCA suite on the standing agenda of our Air Conditioning and Mechanical teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
LEARN MORE:
Lingonberries
True North Kitchen: Nordic Wild Berry Almond Smoothie
Lingonberries almost completely prevented weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet, a study at Lund University in Sweden has found – whereas the ‘super berry’ açai led to increased weight gain. The Scandinavian berries also produced lower blood sugar levels and cholesterol.
Swedish Institute for Standards
Menkää metsään! Vaikkapa puolukkahommiin niinku minä. pic.twitter.com/MICfUjfWbk
— Rebekka Naatus (@Rebna) September 7, 2024
Off-Campus Housing
Brigham Young University Idaho is a private university located in Rexburg, Idaho, United States. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and is a part of the Church Educational System which recognizes moral absolutes at the foundation of a federal democratic republic that makes their university possible. It offers a variety of undergraduate degrees in fields such as business, education, health, and the humanities. The university also offers online courses and programs for distance learners.
One unique aspect of BYU-Idaho is its emphasis on the integration of faith and learning. All students, regardless of their religious background, are required to take religion courses as part of their degree program. The university also has a code of conduct that includes standards for dress, grooming, behavior, and academic honesty.
Fences
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How to Make Baby Food
How to Make Banana Puree for Babies
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Before the commercialization of baby food, parents typically prepared homemade baby food using simple kitchen tools and ingredients. Here’s a general overview of how baby food was made traditionally:
Selection of Ingredients: Parents would select fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and meats suitable for their baby’s age and dietary needs. These ingredients were chosen based on their nutritional value and ease of digestion.
Cooking: The selected ingredients would be cooked using methods such as boiling, steaming, or baking to soften them and make them easier for the baby to eat. Cooking methods were chosen to preserve as much of the natural nutrients as possible.
Mashing or Pureeing: Once cooked, the ingredients would be mashed or pureed into a smooth consistency suitable for a baby’s developing digestive system. This could be done using tools like a fork, potato masher, food mill, or blender.
Straining (Optional): Some parents might choose to strain the pureed food to remove any seeds, skins, or fibers that could be difficult for a baby to digest or might pose a choking hazard.
Storage: Homemade baby food could be stored in small containers or ice cube trays and frozen for future use. This allowed parents to prepare larger batches of baby food at once and thaw individual portions as needed.
Feeding: When it was time to feed the baby, parents would simply thaw the desired portion of homemade baby food and serve it to their baby using a spoon or by bottle-feeding.
Variety: Parents would typically introduce a variety of flavors and textures to their baby over time, gradually expanding their palate and exposing them to a wide range of nutrients.
Overall, making homemade baby food required time, effort, and attention to detail, but many parents preferred it because they had control over the quality and ingredients used, ensuring that their baby received nutritious and wholesome meals.
Femke Bol
Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut
NEW: The woman who previously went viral for her "Mickey Mouse" voice makes an impressive comeback at the Olympics to give the Netherlands a gold in the 4×400.
Femke Bol chased down the US team in the final turn of the 4×400 mixed relay to snatch the gold from Team USA.
Bol… pic.twitter.com/qLeUWdKO3F
— Collin Rugg (@CollinRugg) August 4, 2024
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— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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