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Reliability Analysis for Power to Fire Pumps
Reliability Analysis for Power to Fire Pump Using Fault Tree and RBD
Robert Schuerger | HP Critical Facilities (Project Lead, Corresponding Author)
Robert Arno | ITT Excelis Information Systems
Neal Dowling | MTechnology
Michael A. Anthony | University of Michigan
Abstract: One of the most common questions in the early stages of designing a new facility is whether the normal utility supply to a fire pump is reliable enough to “tap ahead of the main” or whether the fire pump supply is so unreliable that it must have an emergency power source, typically an on-site generator. Apart from the obligation to meet life safety objectives, it is not uncommon that capital on the order of 100000to1 million is at stake for a fire pump backup source. Until now, that decision has only been answered with intuition – using a combination of utility outage history and anecdotes about what has worked before. There are processes for making the decision about whether a facility needs a second source of power using quantitative analysis. Fault tree analysis and reliability block diagram are two quantitative methods used in reliability engineering for assessing risk. This paper will use a simple one line for the power to a fire pump to show how each of these techniques can be used to calculate the reliability of electric power to a fire pump. This paper will also discuss the strengths and weakness of the two methods. The hope is that these methods will begin tracking in the National Fire Protection Association documents that deal with fire pump power sources and can be used as another tool to inform design engineers and authorities having jurisdiction about public safety and property protection. These methods will enlighten decisions about the relative cost of risk control with quantitative information about the incremental cost of additional 9’s of operational availability.
CLICK HERE to order complete paper
Power Distribution Reliability Indices
Maysville Community and Technical College
The IEEE Education & Healthcare Facilities Committee (IEEE E&H) tracks campus power outages (as a research project) because many large research universities own and operate power generation and delivery enterprises that run upwards of 100 megawatts — i.e. at a scale that exceeds many municipal and cooperative electrical power utilities that are regulated by state utility commissions. It has been estimated that power outages on a large research university campus — some with a daily population of 10,000 to 100,000 students, faculty and staff — have an effective cost of $100,000 to $1,ooo,ooo per minute.
The IEEE E&H Committee uses IEEE 1366 Guide for Electrical Power Distribution Reliability Indices — as a template for exploring performance metrics of large customer-owned power systems. Respected voices in the IEEE disagree on many concepts that appear in it but, for the moment, it is the most authoritative consensus document produced by the IEEE Standards Association at the moment.
According to IEEE Standards Association due processes, a revision to the 2012 version is now at the start of its developmental trajectory:
IEEE P1366 PAR Revision Approval
We will depend upon the IEEE E&H Committee to keep us informed about issues that will affect campus power purchasing contracts. (There is a fair amount of runway ahead of us.) Conversely, no IEEE technical committee ignores “war stories” and solid reliability performance data. We dedicate one hour every month to electrical power standards. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [11-54]
Category: Electrical, Energy
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Robert G. Arno, Neal Dowling, Jim Harvey, Kane Howard, Robert S. Schuerger
Salutariness
Salutariness (Cleanliness) standards follow culture (which follows the science which follows water management systems). What is considered clean or hygienic in one culture may differ from what is considered clean or hygienic in another culture. In some cultures, it is customary to remove shoes before entering a home, as it is considered unclean to wear shoes indoors. In Japan, it is customary to take a bath or shower before entering a public bathhouse or hot spring, as it is considered unclean to enter a communal bath without washing first. Most public swimming pools in the United States conform to a similar standard.
In some cultures, it is customary to eat with one’s hands, while in others, using utensils is the norm. Similarly, in some cultures, it is customary to clean one’s hands and face before eating, while in others, it is not considered necessary. Cleanliness standards can also vary depending on the level of economic development, access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and public health policies in different countries. Mahatma Gandhi believed that promoting cleanliness and hygiene could help in building a strong and self-sufficient nation.
“Harlem school custodian to retire, gets cafeteria dedicated to him” | Rockford Register Star
At 15:00 UTC today we review best practice literature for hygiene in education community interior spaces; including related accessory technologies. Owing to the circumstances of the pandemic we have rewritten our past coverage of this topic for 2022.
Among the standards setting organizations active in this domain: (Short List)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME: Personal hygiene devices for water closets.
American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers (ASHRAE International)
American Society of Safety Professionals
American Water Works Association
“Responding to Water Stagnation in Buildings with Reduced or No Water Use”
Association of Physical Plant Administrators (APPA)
When you are short on custodians for a few days and staff members voluntarily chip in… during their planning time. ❤️
This is culture. #multiplyexcellence pic.twitter.com/R3OhZE1g3Q
— Emily Paschall (@EmilyAPaschall) April 22, 2023
International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials (IAPMO Group)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Prospect of Solar-assisted Heat Pump Water Heating Systems for Student Residences
Identification of Legionella Species by Photogate-Type Optical Sensor
Smart Biosensor for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Tap Water
Innovative UV-C LED Disinfection Systems for DrinkingWater Treatment
Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification
International Code Council
International Building Code: Chapter 12 Interior Environment
International Mechanical Code: Ventilation
International Plumbing Code: Sanitary Drainage
International Kitchen Exhaust Cleaning Association
International Sanitary Supply Association
Design Guidelines
National Air Duct Cleaners Association
Standard for Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of HVAC Systems
National Fire Protection Association
“NFPA responds to the coronavirus”
National Sanitation Foundation (Several titles)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
State and Federal Regulations Open for Comment
We place public consultation deadlines at top priority in the time available and will schedule a separate break-out session to write and send comments.
Open to everyone. Use the login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Housekeeping Closets
Post-Secondary Education: Facilities Inventory and Classification Manual
Managemen: Five Questions You Should Ask About Your Custodial Closets
Western Michigan University: The Custodian’s Role in Student Success
State of Illinois Administrative Code for Housekeeping and Storage
McGill University Special Building Areas: Custodial Areas
Washington University St. Louis: Custodial Space Requirements
Florida State University: Custodial Closet Design
Florida State University: Design Criteria and Requirements for Custodial Closets
Oregon State University Custodial Area Design
Oregon State University: Custodial Closets
ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality: Custodial Area Ventilation
The Eternal Music
“Heard melodies are sweet,
but those unheard are sweeter…”
John Keates (Ode on a Grecian Urn)
Click image
IEEE 3001.9 | Campus Outdoor Lighting Standard
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Permitting
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Innovation management
Central Dome of the Gallery des Machines Exposition Universelle de Paris | Louis Beroud (1889)
We find the United States education industry strengthening its voice in the global standards system with leadership provided by the International Association of Innovation Professionals (IAOIP); the US Technical Advisory Group Administrator for the French-inspired ISO TC 279 Innovation management covered here in the posts below. Of the 5300 colleges and universities in the US the seven that are members of the TAG at the moment are:
University of Minnesota
Arizona State University
Lone Star College
Nova Southeastern
Oral Roberts University
Texas A&M University
Florida Institute of Technology
CLICK HERE for the complete list.
We do not advocate in this standard but we track it along with about 20 of the 21,000 ISO standards. We mention it now because in tracking live public consultation notices we see opportunities that may interest other parts of the education industry — notably academic units and business schools; as well as the many technology transfer units in many research universities charged with generating licensing revenue. The landing page for the US TAG is linked below:
IAOIP and ISO TC279 – Innovation Management Technical Advisory Group
You are encouraged to communicate directly with Dr. Brett Trusko, President and CEO, International Association of Innovation Professionals, 4422 Castlewood Street, Suite 200, Sugar Land, TX 77479; phone: 925.858.0905; e-mail: brett@iaoip.org. We also refer this standard to the standing agenda of our Global and Human Resource teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [17-303]
Category: Academics, International
Contact: Mike Anthony (mike@standardsmichigan.com), Christine Fischer (chrisfis@umich.edu)
*See “Education Enterprise” ISO Focus, January 2015, pp 33-37
LEARN MORE:
Breaking new ground with better innovation management https://t.co/wjjbJzx5dD
— Jose Alcorta (@AlcortaJose) February 22, 2019
Posted September 25, 2018
Texas A&M University
Recent communication from International Association of Innovation Professionals (IAOIP) indicates that it continues to welcome participation from the US education industry. There are many academic programs and faculty devoted to international studies and innovation that could offer students a front-row seat for the development of international technology policy.
We are happy to explain the opportunity to faculty and staff any day during our daily 11 AM online meetings. You may also communicate directly with Dr. Brett Trusko, President and CEO, International Association of Innovation Professionals, 4422 Castlewood Street, Suite 200, Sugar Land, TX 77479; phone: 925.858.0905; e-mail: brett@iaoip.org
Posted April 26, 2018
York University Markham Campus | Ontario, Canada
The International Association of Innovation Professionals (IAOIP) has submitted an Application for Accreditation for a new proposed U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to ISO TC 279 Innovation management and a request for approval as TAG Administrator. The proposed TAG intends to operate using the Model Operating Procedures for U.S. Technical Advisory Groups to ANSI for ISO Activities as contained in Annex A of the ANSI International Procedures.
Standards Michigan applauds any organization that assumes leadership in developing the US position on any international standard promulgated by Geneva Secretariats — the International Organization for Standardization, the International Telecommunications Union and the International Electrotechnical Commission. Few activities offer such an ideal front row seat at the world speeding toward us.
The education industry — notably the academic segment of the higher education industry — is notably absent in US leadership positions in international standards. We have been in this space as a user interest for a long time (See ABOUT) and the shortage of education industry engagement (especially the user-interest) has not gone is unnoticed or written about.* While the majority of the 1800-odd colleges and universities have academic programs that claim leadership in international and/or innovation studies, only Georgia Tech and the University of Texas Medical Branch are US TAG administrators for the American National Standards Institute; the US member body to the Geneva Secretariats.
Université de Genève
Comments are due May 14th. To obtain a copy of the TAG application or to offer comments, please contact: Dr. Brett Trusko, President and CEO, International Association of Innovation Professionals, 4422 Castlewood Street, Suite 200, Sugar Land, TX 77479; phone: 925.858.0905; e-mail: brett@iaoip.org by May 14, 2018 (please copy jthompso@ansi.org).
Issue: [17-303]
Category: Academics, International
Contact: Mike Anthony (mike@standardsmichigan.com), Christine Fischer (chrisfis@umich.edu)
*See “Education Enterprise” ISO Focus, January 2015, pp 33-37
December 17, 2017
Oral Roberts University
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has been informed that the American Society for Quality (ASQ), the current ANSI-accredited U.S. Technical Advisory Group Administrator (U.S. TAG) for the work of Technical Committee 279 of the International Organization for Standardization wishes to relinquish their role as U.S. TAG Administrator. The global Secretariat for TC 279 is the AFNOR Group — the national standardization body for France. The participating nations are shown in the map below:
(Click on Image for more information)
ISO/TC 279 operates under the following scope: Standardization of terminology tools and methods and interactions between relevant parties to enable innovation. From its Executive Summary:
“Yes we can innovate through standardisation. Standardization does not mean cloning. Standards on innovation management will allow organisations to share their best practices in innovation management. This will facilitate collaboration and also develop the capability to innovate and to bring innovations successfully to market. Today we face new challenges never met before by mankind: guaranteeing the sustainability of our activities in keeping our Earth habitable. Sustainable development (economic, ecologic, social sustainability) cannot be considered as ‘nice to have’, it is essential. It has to be viewed as a source of innovations, economic development and competiveness. It impacts innovation management and has to be taken into account at an early stage. Innovation is a key to global competitiveness and human or technological progress over the coming decades. Management Standards on innovation will break down the existing cultural, structural or organisational obstacles among/between organisations. These standards will provide best practices to support implementation of innovation policies as well in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as in worldwide groups including public institutions, universities, research centres or non-profit organisations. (Note in ISO, SME can mean Subject Matter Expert)
To achieve this goal the work will focus on a management system for innovation. To define this management system, experts will address: terminology, tools and methods such as but not limited to open innovation, design innovation, strategic intelligence, creativity management and also self-assessment of innovation management. Expectations for these standards are so high that there is no time to reinvent the wheel. TC 279 has to benefit from the previous work, including existing innovation literature, existing innovation standards, case studies, academic works, reports…) Summoning up the innovation community is a key factor. To make more and more stakeholders aware of this initiative communications action (communication kits, presence on social networks, press releases, events…) needs a special care.”
Organizations interested in serving as the U.S. TAG Administrator or participating on a U.S. TAG should contact ANSI’s ISO Team (isot@ansi.org)
Issue: [17-303]
Category: Academics, International
Contact: Mike Anthony (mike@standardsmichigan.com), Christine Fischer (chrisfis@umich.edu)
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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