“In the Barber Shop” by Ilya Bolotowsky (1934)
Painted for the Public Works of Art Project during the Great Depression
~3700 artists, ~15,000 paintingshttps://t.co/4DfkXSBB84https://t.co/Z1aqoY1zhW pic.twitter.com/qNDCEThOlD— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) March 15, 2025
8990 Grand River Ave, Detroit
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8990 Grand River Ave, Detroit
10 Tampa Bay
Lakeland Florida high school offers free clothes and laundry facilities. Expansion of this concept to Saturdays for all students in the district would contribute to greater utilization of square footage that is normally unused. It may also lower energy cost and contribute to “family feeling” in the district.
Schools install laundry facilities to help students in need, improve attendance
I was admiring my gran’s sewing machine today. I think it was probably her mother’s. Amazing that a mass-produced tool was made to look like *this*. pic.twitter.com/fiT5NxtzNA
— Peter Ross (@PeterAlanRoss) September 26, 2024
The 98th commencement ceremony for H.B. Plant High School celebrates the remarkable graduating class of 2025!
🎓 “Your dedication, perseverance, and willingness to give your all have brought you to this moment. As you move forward, embrace every opportunity with the same spirit… pic.twitter.com/oJ9K1NSgeG
— Hillsborough Schools (@HillsboroughSch) May 24, 2025
“Washing Day” 1885 John Williams Waterhousehttps://t.co/xECh8y6kCbhttps://t.co/NsIhHF46RKhttps://t.co/jXZaRdSsbf pic.twitter.com/GzG85BmLGb
— Standards Michigan (@StandardsMich) July 15, 2023
Laundry Hacks
New York University Facilities Management
Washing in the Outer Hebrides 🎶 pic.twitter.com/3WbpVpviyg
— Fraser. (@frasercontra) August 10, 2023
First Day of School
Donegan Acoustics
Today we take a cross cutting review of all the literature (codes, standards, guidelines, laws) that informs safe and sustainability occupancy load, means of egress, illumination, ambient air, plumbing, electric, communication and acoustics in classrooms.
Keen on your thoughts… https://t.co/IqI87vuVTz
And I’d love to see your classroom layout/displays if you want to share! Tag with #CanvasForThought pic.twitter.com/qZwxAaa6jm— 𝗗𝗿 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗦𝘄𝗮𝗶𝗻 (@NathanielRSwain) July 17, 2024
1. Building Codes
- International Building Code (IBC): Adopted by most states, it provides guidelines for the design and construction of buildings, including schools.
- International Existing Building Code (IEBC): Provides standards for the renovation and repair of existing school buildings.
- State and Local Building Codes: Many states and municipalities have additional or modified codes that must be followed.
2. Fire and Life Safety Codes
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes:
- NFPA 101: Life Safety Code – Sets requirements for egress, fire protection, and emergency planning.
- NFPA 13: Installation of Sprinkler Systems – Specifies standards for automatic fire sprinkler systems.
- NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code – Covers fire alarm system installation and maintenance.
- NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) – Outlines electrical wiring standards to prevent fire hazards.
3. Accessibility Standards
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA):
- ADA Standards for Accessible Design – Ensures that school facilities are accessible to individuals with disabilities.
- Architectural Barriers Act (ABA): Requires accessibility in buildings constructed with federal funds.
4. Environmental and Health Standards
-
- ASHRAE 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
- ASHRAE 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.ASHRAE Standards
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations:
- EPA Lead and Asbestos Regulations: Governs the handling of lead and asbestos in school buildings.
- EPA’s Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools: Provides guidelines to manage air quality.
5. Structural Standards
- American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):
- ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures.
- American Concrete Institute (ACI):
- ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
6. Plumbing and Mechanical Codes
- International Plumbing Code (IPC): Provides guidelines for plumbing system design and installation.
- International Mechanical Code (IMC): Sets standards for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
7. Electrical Standards
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards: Includes various electrical safety and installation standards relevant to school facilities.
8. Educational Specifications and Guidelines
- Council of Educational Facility Planners International (CEFPI) Guidelines: Provides best practices for school design that promote effective learning environments.
- State-Specific Educational Specifications: Many states have their own guidelines for the design of educational facilities to meet state-specific educational needs.
9. Safety and Security Standards
- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Guidelines: Suggests design strategies to enhance security in school environments.
- School Safety and Security Standards (state-specific): Some states have additional requirements for school security measures.
10. Sustainable Design Standards
- LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) for Schools: Provides a framework for building green and energy-efficient schools.
- Green Building Initiative (GBI) Standards: Focuses on sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.
11. Maintenance Standards
- International Property Maintenance Code (IPMC): Provides guidelines for the maintenance of buildings, ensuring they remain safe and functional over time.
12. Other Relevant Standards
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Guidelines: Provides standards for building schools in disaster-prone areas (e.g., tornadoes, earthquakes).
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards: Ensures workplace safety, including in schools, covering areas like chemical safety, electrical safety, and more.
Local Considerations
- Local Zoning Laws and Ordinances: Schools must also comply with local land use regulations, which may affect building placement, size, and use.
Another public jubilation pic.twitter.com/dmQc6IBVbK
— Chelsea Finest💙💙😍 (@finest_che2325) July 20, 2024
Campus Surveillance
“Big Brother is watching you.”
“Always the eyes watching you and the voice enveloping you. Asleep or awake, working or eating, indoors or out of doors, in the bath or in bed—no escape. Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimeters in your skull.”
“At any rate, they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. You had to live—did live, from habit that became instinct—in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinized.”
“It was terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander when you were in any public place or within range of a telescreen. The smallest thing could give you away.”
“Fire at Full Moon” 1933 | Paul Klee
Hard upon conclusion of the fall semester, educational settlements ebb in population as students return to their home fires.
Today we pull together best practice in the systems — the people and the technologies — that sustain campus safety and stability during the Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year holidays.
Join us at 16:00 UTC with login credentials at the upper right of our home page.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986:
Johns Hopkins University | Baltimore Maryland
Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association A156.25 – 2023 Electrified Locking Systems
Shawnee Mission West High School
Open Network Video Interface Forum
New York City Public Schools
IEC 62676-1-1: Video surveillance systems for use in security applications
University of the District of Columbia Community College
ANSI C136 Series – Standards for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment
Columbus City Schools Ohio
Park Point University Campus Security
Strawberry Mansion High School | Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Life Safety Code
Educational and Day-Care Occupancies (July 23, 2025 Second Draft Transcript)
The Life Safety Code addresses those construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize danger to life from the effects of fire, including smoke, heat, and toxic gases created during a fire. It is widely incorporated by reference into public safety statutes; typically coupled with the consensus products of the International Code Council. It is a mighty document — one of the NFPA’s leading titles — so we deal with it in pieces; consulting it for decisions to be made for the following:
(1) Determination of the occupancy classification in Chapters 12 through 42.
(2) Determination of whether a building or structure is new or existing.
(3) Determination of the occupant load.
(4) Determination of the hazard of contents.
There are emergent issues — such as active shooter response, integration of life and fire safety systems on the internet of small things — and recurrent issues such as excessive rehabilitation and conformity criteria and the ever-expanding requirements for sprinklers and portable fire extinguishers with which to reckon. It is never easy telling a safety professional paid to make a market for his product or service that it is impossible to be alive and safe. It is even harder telling the dean of a department how much it will cost to bring the square-footage under his stewardship up to the current code.
The 2021 edition is the current edition and is accessible below:
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code Free Public Access
Public input on the 2027 Revision will be received until June 4, 2024. Public comment on the Second Draft 2027 Revision will be received until March 31, 2026.
Since the Life Safety Code is one of the most “living” of living documents — the International Building Code and the National Electric Code also move continuously — we can start anywhere and anytime and still make meaningful contributions to it. We have been advocating in this document since the 2003 edition in which we submitted proposals for changes such as:
• A student residence facility life safety crosswalk between NFPA 101 and the International Building Code
• Refinements to Chapters 14 and 15 covering education facilities (with particular attention to door technologies)
• Identification of an ingress path for rescue and recovery personnel toward electric service equipment installations.
• Risk-informed requirement for installation of grab bars in bathing areas
• Modification of the 90-minute emergency lighting requirements rule for small buildings and for fixed interval testing
• Modification of emergency illumination fixed interval testing
• Table 7.3.1 Occupant Load revisions
• Harmonization of egress path width with European building codes
There are others. It is typically difficult to make changes to stabilized standard though some of the concepts were integrated by the committee into other parts of the NFPA 101 in unexpected, though productive, ways. Example transcripts of proposed 2023 revisions to the education facility chapter is linked below:
Chapter 14 Public Input Report: New Educational Occupancies
Educational and Day Care Occupancies: Second Draft Public Comments with Responses Report
Since NFPA 101 is so vast in its implications we list a few of the sections we track, and can drill into further, according to client interest:
Chapter 3: Definitions
Chapter 7: Means of Egress
Chapter 12: New Assembly Occupancies
Chapter 13: Existing Assembly Occupancies
Chapter 16 Public Input Report: New Day-Care Facilities
Chapter 17 Public Input Report: Existing Day Care Facilities
Chapter 18 Public Input Report: New Health Care Facilities
Chapter 19 Public Input Report: Existing Health Care Facilities
Chapter 28: Public Input Report: New Hotels and Dormitories
Chapter 29: Public Input Report: Existing Hotels and Dormitories
Chapter 43: Building Rehabilitation
Annex A: Explanatory Material
As always we encourage front-line staff, facility managers, subject matter experts and trade associations to participate directly in the NFPA code development process (CLICK HERE to get started)
NFPA 101 is a cross-cutting title so we maintain it on the agenda of our several colloquia —Housing, Prometheus, Security and Pathways colloquia. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [18-90]
Category: Fire Safety, Public Safety
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Josh Elvove, Joe DeRosier, Marcelo Hirschler
More
When lives are at stake, alternative approaches are welcome. #LifeSafety #AlternativeApproaches #Code #NFPA101 @NFPA
https://t.co/JvWyyZtuLP— ANSI (@ansidotorg) December 20, 2018
Energy Standard for Data Centers
2024 Update to ASHRAE Position Statements
List of Titles, Scopes and Purposes of the ASHRAE Catalog
The parent title of this standard is ASHRAE Standard 90.1: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings and is continually under revision; frequently appearing in electrical engineering design guidelines, construction specifications, commissioning and O&M titles in our industry and others.
ASHRAE 90.4 defines an alternate compliance path, specific to data centers, while the compliance requirements for “non-data center” components are contained in ASHRAE 90.1 . The 90.4 structure also streamlines the ongoing maintenance process as well ensures that Standards 90.1 and 90.4 stay in their respective lanes to avoid any overlap and redundancies relating to the technical and administrative boundaries. Updates to ASHRAE 90.1 will still include the alternate compliance path defined in ASHRAE 90.4. Conversely the 2022 Edition of 90.4-2022 refers to ASHRAE 90.1-2022; cross-referencing one another synchronously
Links to noteworthy coverage from expert agencies on the 2022 revisions:
HPC Data Center Cooling Design Considerations
ASHRAE standard 90.4 updates emphasize green energy
ASHRAE updated its standard for data centers
How to Design a Data Center Cooling System for ASHRAE 90.4
Designing a Data Center with Computer Software Modeling
This title resides on the standing agenda of our Infotech 400 colloquium; hosted several times per year and as close coupled with the annual meetings of ASHRAE International as possible. Technical committees generally meet during these meetings make decisions about the ASHRAE catalog. The next all committee conference will be hosted January 20-24, 2024 in Chicago. As always we encourage education industry facility managers, energy conservation workgroups and sustainability professionals to participate directly in the ASHRAE consensus standard development process. It is one of the better facilities out there.
Start at ASHRAE’s public commenting facility:
Online Standards Actions & Public Review Drafts
Update: May 30, 2023
Proposed Addendum g makes changes to definitions were modified in section 3 and mandatory language in Section 6 to support the regulation of process heat and process ventilation was moved in the section for clarity. Other changes are added based on comments from the first public review including changes to informative notes.
Consultation closes June 4th
Update: February 10, 2023
The most actively managed consensus standard for data center energy supply operating in education communities (and most others) is not published by the IEEE but rather by ASHRAE International — ASHRAE 90.4 Energy Standard for Data Centers (2019). It is not required to be a free access title although anyone may participate in its development. It is copyrighted and ready for purchase but, for our purpose here, we need only examine its scope and purpose. A superceded version of 90.4 is available in the link below:
Third ISC Public Review Draft (January 2016)
Noteworthy: The heavy dependence on IEEE power chain standards as seen in the Appendix and Chapter 8. Recent errata are linked below:
We provide the foregoing links for a deeper dive “into the weeds”. Another addendum has been released for consultation; largely administrative:
ASHRAE 90.4 | Pages 60-61 | Consultation closes January 15, 2023.
It is likely that the technical committee charged with updating this standard are already at work preparing an updated version that will supercede the 2019 Edition. CLICK HERE for a listing of Project Committee Interim Meetings.
We maintain many titles from the ASHRAE catalog on the standing agenda of our Mechanical, Energy 200/400, Data and Cloud teleconferences. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Originally posted Summer 2020.
ASHRAE International has released four new addenda to its energy conservation consensus document ASHRAE 90.4-2016 Energy Standard for Data Centers. This document establishes the minimum energy efficiency requirements of data centers for design and construction, for the creation of a plan for operation and maintenance and for utilization of on-site or off-site renewable energy resources.
It is a relatively new document more fully explained in an article published by ASHRAE in 2016 (Click here). The addenda described briefly:
Addendum a – clarifies existing requirements in Section 6.5 as well as introduce new provisions to encourage heat recovery within data centers.
Addendum b – clarifies existing requirements in Sections 6 and 11 and to provide guidance for taking credit for renewable energy systems.
Addendum d – a response to a Request for Interpretation on the 90.4 consideration of DieselRotary UPS Systems (DRUPS) and the corresponding accounting of these systems in the Electrical Loss Component (ELC). In crafting the IC, the committee also identified several marginal changes to 90.4 definitions and passages in Section 8 that would add further clarity to the issue. This addendum contains the proposed changes for that aim as well as other minor changes to correct spelling or text errors, incorporate the latest ELC values into Section 11, and to refresh information in the Normative Reference.
Addendum e adds language to Section 11 intended to clarify how compliance with Standard 90.4 can be achieved through the use of shared systems.
Comments are due September 6th. Until this deadline you may review the changes and comment upon them by by CLICKING HERE
Universitat de Barcelona
Education facility managers, energy conservation workgroups and sustainability professionals are encouraged to participate directly in the ASHRAE standard development process. Start at ASHRAE’s public commenting facility:
Online Standards Actions & Public Review Drafts
The ASHRAE catalog is a priority title in our practice. This title appears on the standing agenda of our Infotech sessions. See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.
Issue: [12-54]
Category: Telecommunications, Infotech, Energy
Colleagues: Mike Anthony, Robert G. Arno, Neal Dowling, Jim Harvey, Mike Hiler, Robert Schuerger, Larry Spielvogel
Evensong “Knoxville: Summer of 1915”
Williams College is a private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA. Founded in 1793, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States. The college was established through a bequest of Colonel Ephraim Williams Jr., a war hero who died in the Battle of Lake George during the French and Indian War. In his will, Colonel Williams left funds for the establishment of a free school on the condition that it be located in Williamstown.
Rhubarb Strawberry Pie
A dessert popular in the United Kingdom, where rhubarb has been cultivated since the 1600s, and the leaf stalks eaten since the 1700s. Besides diced rhubarb, it almost always contains a large amount of sugar to balance the intense tartness of the plant. The pie is usually prepared with a bottom pie crust and a variety of styles of upper crust.
In the United States, often a lattice-style upper crust is used. This pie is a traditional dessert in the United States. It is part of New England cuisine. Rhubarb has long been a popular choice for pies in the Great Plains region and the Michigan Great Lakes Region, where fruits were not always readily available in the spring
Related
University of Missouri: Plant rhubarb, the pie plant, in March
University of Nebraska: Rhubarb Cream Pie
TU Dublin: Rhubarb Pie Using Sweet Shortbread Pastry
Lemonade
Officer goes viral after response to ‘Mrs. Anonymous’ complaint over lemonade stand
“Thank you to “Mrs. Anonymous” for calling to complain about a kids’ lemonade stand. We responded and enjoyed a refreshing cup while making some new friends!” pic.twitter.com/WnkLgkyHZM
— Unlimited L’s (@unlimited_ls) July 30, 2025
University of Florida College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
More
United States Department of Agriculture: Frozen Concentrate for Lemonade Grades and Standards
United States Food & Drug Administration: Canned Fruit Juices
Spoon University: My Perfect Lemonade Recipe
New update alert! The 2022 update to the Trademark Assignment Dataset is now available online. Find 1.29 million trademark assignments, involving 2.28 million unique trademark properties issued by the USPTO between March 1952 and January 2023: https://t.co/njrDAbSpwB pic.twitter.com/GkAXrHoQ9T
— USPTO (@uspto) July 13, 2023
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