Solar Energy in Cold Climates

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Solar Energy in Cold Climates

February 8, 2026
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Michigan Upper Peninsula

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IEEE Explore: Michigan Regional Test Center


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Question: How many households can be supplied with 1 megawatt of power and how large would the solar panel be?

The number of square meters of solar panels required to generate 1 megawatt (MW) of power depends on several factors, including the efficiency of the solar panels, the amount of sunlight available in the location where the solar panels are installed, and the specific technology used.

On average, solar panels have a conversion efficiency of about 15-20%, which means that for every square meter of solar panel area, you can expect to generate between 150 and 200 watts of power in direct sunlight.

So, to generate 1 MW of power, you would need between 5,000 and 6,667 square meters of solar panels (assuming an average efficiency of 17.5%).

There are 2.58999 square meters in one square mile.

To convert 6,667 square meters to square miles, we can divide 6,667 by 2,589.99:

6,667 sq meters / 2,589.99 sq meters/sq mile = 2.572 square miles (rounded to three decimal places).

Answer:  Therefore 2.572 square miles of solar panels are required to supply 9345 household of power for 1 hour.

The number of households that can be supplied by 1 megawatt of power depends on a variety of factors, including the amount of electricity each household consumes, the time of day, and the season.

However, as a rough estimate, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports that in 2020, the average US household consumed about 9,369 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per year, which is equivalent to an average of 0.107 MW of power.

Based on this average, 1 MW of power could supply approximately 9,345 households (1,000,000 watts / 0.107 MW per household) with electricity for one hour, assuming that all households are consuming the average amount of electricity.

Again, this is a rough estimate, and the actual number of households that can be supplied by 1 MW will depend on various factors such as the region, the time of day, and the actual energy consumption of each household.

Discussion: A typical residential lot is one-half acre.  Rounding 9345 households to 10,000 households; the households themselves have a footprint of 7.8125 square miles; with 1/3rd of the 2.572 square miles for 1 megawatt taken up by the panels.

British High Schoolers Try American Fried Chicken, Biscuits & Sausage Gravy

February 7, 2026
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Biscuits and sausage gravy is firmly rooted in Southern American cuisine, which has a rich history influenced by African, Native American, European, and other culinary traditions. The combination of biscuits and sausage gravy reflects the availability of ingredients in the South, where biscuits (similar to a type of British scone) and pork products were common.

The concept of biscuits, similar to what Americans call biscuits, has British origins. Early settlers brought this baking technique with them to the American colonies. However, the American biscuit evolved over time to become lighter and fluffier compared to the denser British biscuit.

Kitchens 300

Friday Coffee Talk

February 6, 2026
mike@standardsmichigan.com

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Sports Equipment & Surfaces

February 6, 2026
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Student Membership | @ASTMStudentFans

“The National Game” 1889 Arthur Streeton

 

 

 

Sport is the bloom and glow of a perfect health.

—Ralph Waldo Emerson

 

Sport programs, facilities and equipment support one of the most visible and emotionally engaging enterprises in the education communities.   These programs are central to the brand identity of the community and last, but not least, physical activity keeps our young people healthy in body and mind.

ASTM International is one of the first names among the 300-odd ANSI accredited standards setting organizations whose due processes discover and promulgate the standard of care for the design, construction, operations and maintenance of the facilities that support these enterprises.   The parent committee is linked below:

ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities

While ASTM bibliography is largely product-oriented, there are many titles that set the standard of care for sport enterprises and the accessories to these enterprises.  To identify a few:

ASTM 1487-17 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use

ASTM F1774  Standard Specification for Climbing and Mountaineering Carabiners

ASTM F2060-00(2011) Standard Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses on Athletic Fields

ASTM F1703-13 Standard Guide for Skating and Ice Hockey Playing Facilities

ASTM F1953-10 Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts

ASTM F1081-09(2015) Standard Specification for Competition Wrestling Mats

ASTM F2950-14 Standard Safety and Performance Specification for Soccer Goals

ASTM F2461-16e1 Standard Practice for Manufacture, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Aquatic Play Equipment

When the General Requirements of an athletic facility construction project indicates: “Conform to all applicable standards” then, in the case of an sport facility, the ASTM title is likely the document that defines the standard of care from a product standpoint.  Interoperability of the products in a sport setting are quite another matter.

At the international level, we track action in ISO/TC 83 Sports and other recreational facilities and equipment administered globally by the Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.   ASTM International is ANSI’s Technical Advisory Group for  this committee.

University of Maine

The ASTM standards development process depends heavily on face-to-face meetings — typically two times per year – in different parts of the United States.   The benefit of this arrangement lies in the quality of discussion among subject matter experts that results produced from face-to-face discussion.  The price to pay for this quality, however, lies in the cost of attendance for the user-interest in the education industry.   Relatively few subject matter experts directly employed by a school district, college or university who are charged with lowering #TotalCostofOwnership can attend the meetings.   Many of the subject matter experts who are in attendance at the ASTM meetings from the education industry tend to be faculty who are retained by manufacturers, insurance, testing laboratories, conformity and compliance interests.  (See our discussion of Incumbent Interests)

That much said, ASTM welcomes subject matter experts on its technical committees (Click here)  We encourage participation by end users from the education industry — many of them in the middle of athletic facility management organization charts.   The parent committee meets twice a year; after which we usually find public review redlines developed during those meetings to hit our radar.  The link to the schedule of face-to-face meetings appears below:

F08 Meetings

Note that the August 2020 cancelled but the November 2020 meeting still appears on the schedule.  It is likely that much of the committee work will be done online.

We are required to review draft ASTM consensus products with some care — owing to copyright restrictions — so we do it interactively online during teleconferences devoted to Sport.  See our CALENDAR for the next online meeting; open to everyone.

Issue: [7-7] [10-32] [13-165] [20-156] 

Category: Sport, Management, Risk Management

Contact: Mike Anthony, Jack Janveja, George Reiher, Richard Robben

Synthetic Turf Guidelines

 

Chicken Shepard’s Pie

February 5, 2026
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NSF International (Ann Arbor, Michigan): Food Equipment Standards

This traditional Irish dish originated as a thrifty way to repurpose leftover meat. In the late 18th century, the concept evolved from using lamb or mutton, commonly tended by shepherds, hence the name. The dish typically comprises minced meat — lamb, beef or chicken — cooked with vegetables and gravy, topped with mashed potatoes.

Ingredients:
• 1 can chicken, drained
• ½ can canned sliced potatoes
• 2 tsp onion powder
• ½ cup canned peas, drained
• 2 tbsp Worcestershire sauce
• 1 tbsp butter
• Splash of milk
• 2 tsp salt
• 2 tsp black pepper
• 1 tsp nutmeg

Directions:
1. Heat potatoes in microwave safe bowl, ~2 mins. Mash the potatoes with the milk and butter, a Teaspoon each of salt, pepper, and garlic powder, stir well. Adjust seasoning. Set aside.
2. Add remaining ingredients, stir well.
3. Spoon the mashed potatoes evenly on top of the meat.
4. Cook covered in the microwave oven for 3-5 minutes on medium power.
5. Cut into 2 portions. Scoop out from the bottom to keep the layers intact.

More:

University of Michigan Recipe

New Mexico State University Recipe

University of Illinois Venison Recipe


This video has been made available for informational and educational purposes only. UCCS hereby disclaims any and all liability to any party for any direct, indirect, implied, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of this video, which is provided as is, and without warranties.

 

This House Believes Feminism Has Lost Its Way

February 5, 2026
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Family Housing

February 5, 2026
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“Kindergarten” 1885 Johann Sperl

Today at the usual hour we examine recent case studies of residential building projects that support family formation.

University of Santa Cruz: New child care center, student housing

University of Kentucky: Graduate and Family Housing

University of Utah: Sunnyside Apartments – Family and Graduate Housing

University of Colorado Boulder: Graduate and Family Housing

Student parents, who often face high rates of housing and food insecurity, stable family housing reduces commuting burdens, fosters a supportive community with amenities like childcare access or playgrounds, and significantly improves retention, academic performance, and graduation rates.  For faculty, affordable on-campus options help recruit and retain top scholars in high-cost areas, humanize interactions (e.g., via faculty-in-residence models), and build stronger campus communities.

Construction and maintenance of family-sized units (apartments/houses) are expensive, requiring substantial investment amid limited budgets. Demand often exceeds supply, leading to long waitlists. Units must meet family-specific needs (safety, space, year-round availability), differing from standard dorms, while navigating zoning, liability, and community integration issues.  In tight housing markets, it can strain local resources or face resistance in activist communities college towns are known for.

In some cases reducing the bells and whistles on new sport stadiums could reduce initial cost of operations and maintenance.  Siting them closer to the student health clinic and a large pool of babysitters could help young families and young men and women seeking partners to start families.

Related:

MaternityMetrix

Homophily Michigan

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